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1
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Aoki J, Koshikawa R, Asayama M. Recent progress in the cyanobacterial products and applications of phycocyanins. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2025; 41:84. [PMID: 40011288 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-025-04297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
Recent developments in the research on cyanobacterial products have drawn increasing attention, especially in the production and application of phycocyanin, which has shown great potential in various fields. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that live on Earth and are the ancestors of plant chloroplasts. They have a compact genome size compared to other eukaryotic photosynthesizing microorganisms; some species are genetically engineered and have high growth potential in indoor culture, and some strainscan maintain high growth potential even in outdoor culture. Cyanobacteria are valuable because they can selectively and effectively produce and recover useful substances that are poorly produced by other microalgae, although this depends on the algal species. However, the social implementation of biorefineries using cyanobacteria involves issues such as setting up useful products in addition to the culture methods and strains to be used. This review aims to present research trends over the last 20 years on the production of useful substances such as biodegradable plastics, lipids, polysaccharides, and pigment proteins (phycocyanins) from cyanobacteria. Phycocyanin is mainly recovered and purified by filamentous cyanobacteria and has contributed to the research field, especially in the food and beverage industry. Additionally, the production and functions of phycocyanin are summarized to provide a better understanding of these possibilities. Their potential applications as environmentally friendly materials are also described to further contribute to the research field and social implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinichi Aoki
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Inashiki, 300-0393, Ibaraki, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Runa Koshikawa
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Inashiki, 300-0393, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Munehiko Asayama
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Inashiki, 300-0393, Ibaraki, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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2
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Prabha S, Vijay AK, Mathew DE, George B. Light sensitive orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs) in cyanobacterial photoprotection: evolutionary insights, structural-functional dynamics and biotechnological prospects. Arch Microbiol 2025; 207:32. [PMID: 39799518 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
Among all photosynthetic life forms, cyanobacteria exclusively possess a water-soluble, light-sensitive carotenoprotein complex known as orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs), crucial for their photoprotective mechanisms. These protein complexes exhibit both structural and functional modularity, with distinct C-terminal (CTD) and N-terminal domains (NTD) serving as light-responsive sensor and effector regions, respectively. The majority of cyanobacterial genomes contain genes for OCP homologs and related proteins, highlighting their essential role in survival of the organism over time. Cyanobacterial photoprotection primarily involves the translocation of carotenoid entity into the NTD, leading to remarkable conformational changes in both domains and formation of metastable OCPR. Subsequently, OCPR interacts with phycobiliprotein, inducing the quenching of excitation energy and a significant reduction in PS II fluorescence yield. In dark conditions, OCPR detaches from phycobilisomes and reverts to OCPO in the presence of fluorescent recovery proteins (FRP), sustaining a continuous cycle. Research suggests that the modular structure of the OCPs, coupled with its unique light-driven dissociation and re-association capability, opens avenues for exploiting its potential as light-controlled switches, offering various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syama Prabha
- Department of Botany, CMS College Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India
| | - Aravind K Vijay
- Department of Botany, CMS College Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India
| | - Doniya Elze Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, CMS College Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India
| | - Basil George
- Department of Botany, CMS College Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India.
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3
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Prospects of cyanobacterial pigment production: biotechnological potential and optimization strategies. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Li C, Sun Y, Ping W, Ge J, Lin Y. Screening of symbiotic Streptomyces spp. and optimization of microalgal growth in a microalgae-actinomycetes co-culture system. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:500-510. [PMID: 35981049 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biodiesel as a substitute for fossil energy has attracted extensive attention. However, the high cost of microalgae cultivation limits the industrial production of microalgal biodiesel. The co-culture system may offer a means to increase microalgae's biomass production. In this study, Streptomyces strains were selected to construct and optimize co-culture systems with Monoraphidium sp. HDMA-11 and the algal cell biomass, lipid content, phycocyanin content, starch content, and fatty acid composition were determined. The results showed that Streptomyces nojiriensis significantly promoted Monoraphidium sp. HDMA-11 growth and a co-culture system were established. Orthogonal experiments showed that the Monoraphidium sp. HDMA-11 biomass was further increased when the initial culture pH was 7.5, the inoculation time of Streptomyces strain supernatants was 36 h, the volume ratio of microalgal actinomycetes was 1:1, and no additional acetic acid was added. Under these conditions, compared with monocultured Monoraphidium sp. HDMA-11, the cell biomass and lipid productivity of the co-culture system increased by 525.8 and 155.1%, respectively. These results suggest that S. nojiriensis supernatant potentially enhances microalgae biomass and may represent a new method to improve microalgae growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxiang Ping
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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Soni B, Menon D, Vijaykumar V, Ghadge R, Dasgupta S. Phycocyanin Extraction and Production of Crude Bio-Oil from Residual Biomass. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Badrish Soni
- Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Deepthi Menon
- Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vinodhkumar Vijaykumar
- Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rajaram Ghadge
- Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Reliance Research and Development Center, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, India
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Park J, Lee H, Dinh TB, Choi S, De Saeger J, Depuydt S, Brown MT, Han T. Commercial Potential of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima: Physiological and Biochemical Traits and the Purification of Phycocyanin. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050628. [PMID: 35625356 PMCID: PMC9138259 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Arthrospira maxima is an unbranched, filamentous cyanobacterium rich in important cellular products such as vitamins, minerals, iron, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and protein, which has made it one of the most important commercial photoautotrophs. To optimize the growth conditions for the production of target compounds and to ensure profitability in commercial applications, the effects of pH and temperature were investigated. A. maxima has been shown to be tolerant to a range of pH conditions and to exhibit hyper-accumulation of phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin at low temperatures. These traits may offer significant advantages for future exploitation, especially in outdoor cultivation with fluctuating pH and temperature. Our study also demonstrated a new method for the purification of phycocyanin from A. maxima by using by ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration, producing PC at 1.0 mg·mL−1 with 97.6% purity. Abstract Arthrospira maxima is a natural source of fine chemicals for multiple biotechnological applications. We determined the optimal environmental conditions for A. maxima by measuring its relative growth rate (RGR), pigment yield, and photosynthetic performance under different pH and temperature conditions. RGR was highest at pH 7–9 and 30 °C. Chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm), relative maximal electron transport rate (rETRmax), and effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) were highest at pH 7–8 and 25 °C. Interestingly, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin content was highest at 15 °C, which may be the lowest optimum temperature reported for phycobiliprotein production in the Arthrospira species. A threestep purification of phycocyanin (PC) by ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration resulted in a 97.6% purity of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihae Park
- Development & Planning Office, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea; (J.P.); (H.L.)
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Hojun Lee
- Development & Planning Office, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea; (J.P.); (H.L.)
| | - Thai Binh Dinh
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Management, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Soyeon Choi
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Jonas De Saeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Murray T. Brown
- School of Marine Science & Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, UK;
| | - Taejun Han
- Development & Planning Office, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunhwa-ro, Incheon 21985, Korea; (J.P.); (H.L.)
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653-Block F, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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7
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Prabha S, Vijay AK, Paul RR, George B. Cyanobacterial biorefinery: Towards economic feasibility through the maximum valorization of biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152795. [PMID: 34979226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are well known for their plethora of applications in the fields of food industry, pharmaceuticals and bioenergy. Their simple growth requirements, remarkable growth rate and the ability to produce a wide range of bio-active compounds enable them to act as an efficient biorefinery for the production of valuable metabolites. Most of the cyanobacteria based biorefineries are targeting single products and thus fails to meet the efficient valorization of biomass. On the other hand, multiple products recovering cyanobacterial biorefineries can efficiently valorize the biomass with minimum to zero waste generation. But there are plenty of bottlenecks and challenges allied with cyanobacterial biorefineries. Most of them are being associated with the production processes and downstream strategies, which are difficult to manage economically. There is a need to propose new solutions to eliminate these tailbacks so on to elevate the cyanobacterial biorefinery to be an economically feasible, minimum waste generating multiproduct biorefinery. Cost-effective approaches implemented from production to downstream processing without affecting the quality of products will be beneficial for attaining economic viability. The integrated approaches in cultivation systems as well as downstream processing, by simplifying individual processes to unit operation systems can obviously increase the economic feasibility to a certain extent. Low cost approaches for biomass production, multiparameter optimization and successive sequential retrieval of multiple value-added products according to their high to low market value from a biorefinery is possible. The nanotechnological approaches in cyanobacterial biorefineries make it one step closer to the goal. The current review gives an overview of strategies used for constructing self-sustainable- economically feasible- minimum waste generating; multiple products based cyanobacterial biorefineries by the efficient valorization of biomass. Also the possibility of uplifting new cyanobacterial strains for biorefineries is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syama Prabha
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Aravind K Vijay
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Rony Rajan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India
| | - Basil George
- Department of Botany, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam 686001. Kerala, India.
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Hidane T, Demura M, Morisada S, Ohto K, Kawakita H. Mathematical analysis of cake layer formation in an ultrafiltration membrane of a phycobiliprotein-containing solution extracted from Nostoc commune. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Ashaolu TJ, Samborska K, Lee CC, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Tarhan Ö, Taze B, Jafari SM. Phycocyanin, a super functional ingredient from algae; properties, purification characterization, and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2320-2331. [PMID: 34793814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phycocyanins (PCYs) are a group of luxuriant bioactive compounds found in blue-green algae with an estimated global market of about US$250 million within this decade. The multifarious markets of PCYs noted by form (e.g. powder or aqueous forms), by grade (e.g. analytical, cosmetic, or food grades), and by application (such as biomedical, diagnostics, beverages, foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals), show that the importance of PCYs cannot be undermined. In this comprehensive study, an overview on PCY, its structure, and health-promoting features are diligently discussed. Methods of purification including chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation and membrane filtration, as well as characterization and measurement of PCYs are described. PCYs could have many applications in food colorants, fluorescent markers, nanotechnology, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. It is concluded that PCYs offer significant potentials, although more investigations regarding its purity and safety are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Katarzyna Samborska
- Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Poland
| | - Chi Ching Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Tarhan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak Üniversitesi, 1 Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Uşak, Turkey
| | - Bengi Taze
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak Üniversitesi, 1 Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Uşak, Turkey
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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10
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Zuorro A, Leal-Jerez AG, Morales-Rivas LK, Mogollón-Londoño SO, Sanchez-Galvis EM, García-Martínez JB, Barajas-Solano AF. Enhancement of Phycobiliprotein Accumulation in Thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. through Media Optimization. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10527-10536. [PMID: 34056207 PMCID: PMC8153776 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are a group of brilliant pigment proteins found in cyanobacteria and red algae; their synthesis and accumulation depend on several factors such as the type of strain employed, nutrient concentration, light intensity, light regimes, and others. This study evaluates the effect of macronutrients (citrate buffer, NaNO3, K2HPO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, Na2CO3, and EDTA) and the concentration of trace metals in BG-11 media on the accumulation of PBPs in a thermotolerant strain of Oscillatoria sp. The strain was grown in BG-11 media at 28 °C with a light:dark cycle of 12:12 h at 100 μmol m-2 s-1 for 15 days, and the effect of nutrients was evaluated using a Plackett-Burman Design followed by optimization using a response surface methodology. Results from the concentration of trace metals show that it can be reduced up to half-strength in its initial concentration without affecting both biomass and PBPs. Results from the Plackett-Burman Design revealed that only NaNO3, Na2CO3, and K2HPO4 show a significant increase in PBP production. Optimization employed a central Non-Factorial Response Surface Design with three levels and four factors (34) using NaNO3, Na2CO3, K2HPO4, and trace metals as variables, while the other components of BG-11 media (citrate buffer, MgSO4, CaCl2, and EDTA) were used in half of their initial concentration. Results from the optimization show that interaction between Na2CO3 and K2HPO4 highly increased PBPs' concentration, with values of 15.21, 3.95, and 1.89 (% w/w), respectively. These results demonstrate that identifying and adjusting the concentration of critical nutrients can increase the concentration of PBPs up to two times for phycocyanin and allophycocyanin while four times for phycoerythrin. Finally, the reduction in non-key nutrients' concentration will reduce the production costs of colorants at an industrial scale and increase the sustainability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zuorro
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Angela G. Leal-Jerez
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Leidy K. Morales-Rivas
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Sandra O. Mogollón-Londoño
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Edwar M. Sanchez-Galvis
- Grupo
Ambiental de Investigación Aplicada-GAIA, Facultad de Ingeniería,
Universidad de Santander (UDES), Campus Universitario Lagos del Cacique, Cll 70 No 55-210, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia
| | - Janet B. García-Martínez
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Andrés F. Barajas-Solano
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Universidad Francisco
de Paula Santander, Av Gran Colombia No. 12E-96, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
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de Moraes Nogueira AO, Felipe Kokuszi LT, Poester Cordeiro A, Ziebell Salgado H, Costa JAV, Santos LO, de Lima VR. Spirulina sp. LEB 18-extracted phycocyanin: Effects on liposomes' physicochemical parameters and correlation with antiradical/antioxidant properties. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105064. [PMID: 33609502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the physicochemical properties of soybean asolectin (ASO) liposomes loaded with phycocyanin (Phy) extracted from Spirulina sp. LEB 18. The effects of Phy in the liposomes' properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), zeta (ζ)-potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) techniques. Phy restricted the motion of ASO polar and interface groups and disrupted the package arrangement of the lipid hydrophobic regions, as a likely effect of dipolar and π interactions related to its amino acid residues and pyrrole portions. These interactions were correlated to antiradical/antioxidant Phy responses obtained by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazil (DPPH) assay, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and discussed to bring new chemical perspectives about Phy-loaded liposomes-related nutraceutical applications in inflammatory and viral infection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Oliveira de Moraes Nogueira
- Grupo de Investigação em Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Thadeu Felipe Kokuszi
- Grupo de Investigação em Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratório de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Rodrigues de Lima
- Grupo de Investigação em Interações Moleculares em Membranas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental, Brazil.
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Rodrigues RDP, Silva ASE, Carlos TAV, Bastos AKP, de Santiago-Aguiar RS, Rocha MVP. Application of protic ionic liquids in the microwave-assisted extraction of phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira platensis with antioxidant activity. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Mogany T, Kumari S, Swalaha FM, Bux F. An in silico structural and physiochemical analysis of C-Phycocyanin of halophile Euhalothece sp. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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El-Mohsnawy E, Abu-Khudir R. A highly purified C-phycocyanin from thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus and its cytotoxic activity assessment using an in vitro cell-based approach. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1812287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eithar El-Mohsnawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Optimization of the Freezing-Thawing Method for Extracting Phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira sp. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173894. [PMID: 32859046 PMCID: PMC7503228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The freezing-thawing method had been reported to be the best phycobiliprotein extraction technique. However, optimum parameters of this extraction method for Arthrospira sp. (one of the major phycobiliprotein sources) still remained unclear. Hence, this study aimed to optimize the freezing-thawing parameters of phycobiliprotein extraction in Arthrospira sp. (UPMC-A0087). The optimization of the freezing-thawing method was conducted using different solvents, biomass/solvent ratios, temperatures, time intervals and freezing-thawing cycles. The extracted phycobiliproteins were quantified using a spectrophotometric assay. Double distilled water (pH 7) with a 0.50% w/v biomass/solvent ratio was the most efficient solvent in extracting high concentrations and purity of phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira sp. In addition, the combination of freezing at -80 °C (2 h) and thawing at 25 °C (24 h) appeared to be the optimum temperature and extraction time to obtain the highest amount of phycobiliproteins. A minimum of one cycle of freezing and thawing was sufficient for extracting high concentrations of phycobiliproteins. The findings from this study could reduce the cost and labor needed for extracting high quality phycobiliproteins. It also allowed the harvesting of large amounts of valuable phycobiliproteins.
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Pereira T, Barroso S, Mendes S, Amaral RA, Dias JR, Baptista T, Saraiva JA, Alves NM, Gil MM. Optimization of phycobiliprotein pigments extraction from red algae Gracilaria gracilis for substitution of synthetic food colorants. Food Chem 2020; 321:126688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Munawaroh HSH, Gumilar GG, Alifia CR, Marthania M, Stellasary B, Yuliani G, Wulandari AP, Kurniawan I, Hidayat R, Ningrum A, Koyande AK, Show PL. Photostabilization of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis modified by formaldehyde. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bannu SM, Lomada D, Gulla S, Chandrasekhar T, Reddanna P, Reddy MC. Potential Therapeutic Applications of C-Phycocyanin. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:967-976. [PMID: 31775595 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191127110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and other disorders such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases and diabetes are the major health problems observed all over the world. Therefore, identifying a therapeutic target molecule for the treatment of these diseases is urgently needed to benefit public health. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is an important light yielding pigment intermittently systematized in the cyanobacterial species along with other algal species. It has numerous applications in the field of biotechnology and drug industry and also possesses antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, enhanced immune function, including liver and kidney protection properties. The molecular mechanism of action of C-PC for its anticancer activity could be the blockage of cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. OBJECTIVES The current review summarizes an update on therapeutic applications of C-PC, its mechanism of action and mainly focuses on the recent development in the field of C-PC as a drug that exhibits beneficial effects against various human diseases including cancer and inflammation. CONCLUSION The data from various studies suggest the therapeutic applications of C-PC such as anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenic activity and healing capacity of certain autoimmune disorders. Mechanism of action of C-PC for its anticancer activity is the blockage of cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. The future perspective of C-PC is to identify and define the molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which would shed light on our knowledge on therapeutic applications of C-PC and may contribute significant benefits to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira M Bannu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Dakshayani Lomada
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Surendra Gulla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Thummala Chandrasekhar
- Department of Environmental Science, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 046, India
| | - Madhava C Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
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19
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C-phycocyanin extraction from two freshwater cyanobacteria by freeze thaw and pulsed electric field techniques to improve extraction efficiency and purity. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Syrpas M, Bukauskaitė J, Ramanauskienė K, Karosienė JR, Majienė D, Bašinskienė L, Venskutonis PR. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Assessment of Biological Activity of Phycobiliprotein-Rich Aqueous Extracts from Wild Cyanobacteria ( Aphanizomenon flos-aquae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1896-1909. [PMID: 31589437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that are considered as an important source of bioactive metabolites, among which phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are a class of water-soluble macromolecules of cyanobacteria with a wide range of applications. Massive proliferation of cyanobacteria can lead to excessive surface water blooms, of which removal, as a management measure, should be prioritized. In this study, the utilization of wild cyanobacteria biomass (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) for extraction of phycobiliproteins is reported. Extraction of phycobiliproteins by conventional methods, such as homogenization, freeze-thaw cycles, and solid-liquid extraction, were optimized prior to ultrasound-assisted extraction. Standardization of ultrasonication for different parameters, such as ultrasonication amplitude (38, 114, and 190 μm) and ultrasonication time (1, 5.5, and 10 min), was carried out using a central composite design and response surface methodology for each of the primary techniques. A substantial increase on the individual and total phycobiliprotein yields was observed after ultrasonic treatment. The highest total PBP yield (115.37 mg/g of dry weight) was observed with samples treated with a homogenizer (30 min, 30 °C, and 1 cycle) combined with ultrasound treatment (8.7 min at 179 μm). Moreover, in vitro antioxidant capacity was observed for the obtained extracts in the Folin-Ciocalteu and ABTS* + assays. In addition, a cytotoxic effect against C6 glioma cells was observed for A. flos-aquae PBPs. Conclusively, wild cyanobacteria could be considered as an alternative feedstock for recovery of PBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Syrpas
- Department of Food Science & Technology , Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilėnų plentas 19 , LT-50254 Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Jolita Bukauskaitė
- Department of Food Science & Technology , Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilėnų plentas 19 , LT-50254 Kaunas , Lithuania
| | | | - Ju Ratė Karosienė
- Laboratory of Algology and Microbial Ecology , Nature Research Centre , Akademijos gatvė 2 , LT-08412 Vilnius , Lithuania
| | | | - Loreta Bašinskienė
- Department of Food Science & Technology , Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilėnų plentas 19 , LT-50254 Kaunas , Lithuania
| | - Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
- Department of Food Science & Technology , Kaunas University of Technology , Radvilėnų plentas 19 , LT-50254 Kaunas , Lithuania
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21
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Tavanandi HA, Raghavarao K. Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of natural food colorant C-Phycocyanin from dry biomass of Arthrospira platensis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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Lauceri R, Chini Zittelli G, Torzillo G. A simple method for rapid purification of phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira platensis and Porphyridium cruentum biomass. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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da Silva SC, Fernandes IP, Barros L, Fernandes Â, José Alves M, Calhelha RC, Pereira C, Barreira JC, Manrique Y, Colla E, Ferreira IC, Filomena Barreiro M. Spray-dried Spirulina platensis as an effective ingredient to improve yogurt formulations: Testing different encapsulating solutions. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Purohit A, Kumar V, Chownk M, Yadav SK. Processing-Independent Extracellular Production of High Purity C-Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3237-3245. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Purohit
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Manisha Chownk
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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25
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Rapid Green Extractions of C-Phycocyanin from Arthrospira maxima for Functional Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a rich source of bioactive compounds, mainly in the Arthospira sp., and one of the most interesting components in recent years has been C-phycocyanin (C-PC). There have been several conventional methods for their extraction, among which stand out: chemical products, freezing-thawing (FT); enzymatic, and maceration (M); which have come to be replaced by more environmentally friendly methods, such as those assisted by microwaves (MW) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The aim of the research was to use these two “green extraction processes” to obtain C-PC from cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima because they improve functionality and are fast. Extractions of C-PC were studied by means of two experimental designs for MW and HPH, based on a response surface methodology (RSM) employing, firstly, a factorial design 33: power (100, 200, and 300 W), time (15, 30, and 60 s), and types of solvents (distiller water, Na-phosphate buffer and, distiller water: Na-phosphate buffer (Ph 7.0; 1:1, v/v); and secondly, two factors with different levels: Pressure (800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 bar) and, types of solvents (distilled water, Na-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) 100 mM and, Na-phosphate buffer:water 1:1, (v/v)). Optimum C-PC content was achieved with the HPH process under Na-phosphate solvent at 1400 bar (291.9 ± 6.7 mg/g) and the MW method showed improved results using distilled water as a solvent at 100 W for 30 s (215.0 ± 5.5 mg/g). In the case of conventional methods, the freeze–thawing procedure reached better results than maceration using the buffer (225.6 ± 2.6 mg/g). This last one also did not show a significant difference between solvents (a range of 147.7–162.0 mg/g). Finally, the main advantage of using green extractions are the high C-PC yield achieved, effectively reducing both processing times, costs, and increasing the economic and functional applications of the bioactive compound.
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Pagels F, Guedes AC, Amaro HM, Kijjoa A, Vasconcelos V. Phycobiliproteins from cyanobacteria: Chemistry and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:422-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rodrigues RDP, de Lima PF, Santiago-Aguiar RSD, Rocha MVP. Evaluation of protic ionic liquids as potential solvents for the heating extraction of phycobiliproteins from Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Enhanced B-phycoerythrin production by the red microalga Porphyridium marinum: A powerful agent in industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2106-2114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Purification of phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis by hydrophobic interaction membrane chromatography. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Senthilkumar N, Thangam R, Murugan P, Suresh V, Kurinjimalar C, Kavitha G, Sivasubramanian S, Rengasamy R. Hepato‐protective effects of R‐phycoerythrin‐rich protein extract ofPortieria hornemannii(Lyngbye) Silva against DEN‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramar Thangam
- King Institute of Preventive Medicine & Research Chennai India
- Central Leather Research Institute Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Chennai India
| | - Pitchai Murugan
- Department of Medicinal Botany Sri Sairam Siddha Medical College and Research Centre Chennai India
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras Chennai India
| | | | - Chidambaram Kurinjimalar
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras Chennai India
- Central Leather Research Institute Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Chennai India
| | - Ganapathy Kavitha
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras Chennai India
- Centre for Ocean Research Sathyabama University Chennai India
| | | | - Ramasamy Rengasamy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of Madras Chennai India
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Chaiklahan R, Chirasuwan N, Loha V, Tia S, Bunnag B. Stepwise extraction of high-value chemicals from Arthrospira ( Spirulina) and an economic feasibility study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 20:e00280. [PMID: 30211017 PMCID: PMC6134328 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phycocyanin (8.66%) was the main product from the process of the stepwise extraction. In addition, 3.55% TFA and 0.72% polysaccharide were coproducts from the Arthrospira residue. Arthrospira should contain 15% phycocyanin to ensure a positive NPV of investment. Arthrospira (Spirulina) consists of diverse high-value chemicals, such as phycocyanin, lipids/total fatty acids (TFA), and polysaccharides, which have been used for food, cosmetic and pharmacological applications. This study compared various stepwise extraction processes for these high-value chemicals. Considering the yield and properties of extracts, the most suitable extraction order was phycocyanin, lipid/TFA and polysaccharides. The yield of the main product (food-grade phycocyanin) was 8.66% of the biomass dry weight, whereas the yields of the subsequent lipid/TFA and polysaccharide coproducts were 3.55% and 0.72%, respectively. The economic analysis showed that producing phycocyanin alone was economically feasible, but producing coproducts (lipid/TFA and polysaccharides) was not. The production cost of phycocyanin was US$ 249.70 kg−1, which is an encouraging figure for large-scale production. Moreover, the phycocyanin content of Arthrospira materials utilized for extraction should not be lower than 15% of dry weight to ensure positive the net present value (NPV) of investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Chaiklahan
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Chirasuwan
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Veara Loha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Suvit Tia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Boosya Bunnag
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.,School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bang Khun Thain, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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32
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Figueira FDS, Moraes CC, Kalil SJ. C-PHYCOCYANIN PURIFICATION: MULTIPLE PROCESSES FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180353s20170160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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İlter I, Akyıl S, Demirel Z, Koç M, Conk-Dalay M, Kaymak-Ertekin F. Optimization of phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina platensis using different techniques. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abd El-Ghany AM, Salama A, Abd El-Ghany NM, Gharieb RMA. New Approach for Controlling Snail Host of Schistosoma mansoni, Biomphalaria alexandrina with Cyanobacterial Strains-Derived C-Phycocyanin. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:464-468. [PMID: 29920163 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the major communicable diseases of public health and socioeconomic importance in the developing world. It is a waterborne disease in which Biomphalaria alexandrina snails are known to be the intermediate molluscan host for Schistosoma mansoni: the causative agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis. Therefore, snail control is one of the cornerstones of schistosomiasis control programs. Several methods have been used to eliminate snail hosts. One of these methods is chemical molluscicides, which have undesirable effect to nontarget organisms. Consequently, the search for biologically derived molluscicides to complement the use of synthetic molluscicides is a top priority. In this concern, this study is the first to evaluate the molluscicidal potency of Cyanobacterial Phycocyanin (C-PC) as a virtually untapped source. Laboratory assessment of three freshwater Cyanobacterial strains: Anabaena oryzae SOS13, Nostoc muscorum SOS14, and Spirulina platensis SOS13-derived C-Phycocyanin as a biocontrol agent against freshwater mollusks; B. alexandrina snails were performed. Also, the safety of tested C-PC on nontarget organisms (Tilapia fish) was assessed. Results reveal that C-PC extracted from all tested Cyanobacteria strains showed a promising molluscicidal activity (the mortality rate was 100% at 100 μg/mL concentration). Out of the examined strains, A. oryzae SOS13 phycocyanin was found to be the most potent strain (LC50 and LC90 were 38.492 and 49.976 μg/mL, respectively). Moreover, C-PC extracts from all tested strains have been found to be safe to Tilapia fish as the survival rate was 100% at the effective molluscicidal concentrations. We can conclude that C-PC extracts are the first promising microbial biopesticides for the control of freshwater B. alexandrina snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M Abd El-Ghany
- 1 Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali Salama
- 2 Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha M A Gharieb
- 4 Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
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de Jesus CS, da Silva Uebel L, Costa SS, Miranda AL, de Morais EG, de Morais MG, Costa JAV, Nunes IL, de Souza Ferreira E, Druzian JI. Outdoor pilot-scale cultivation of Spirulina sp. LEB-18 in different geographic locations for evaluating its growth and chemical composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:86-94. [PMID: 29433050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether outdoor cultivation of Spirulina sp. in different geographical locations affected its growth and biomass quality, with respect to the chemical composition, volatile compound and heavy metal content, and thermal stability. The positive effect of solar radiation and temperature on biomass productivity in Spirulina sp. cultivated in the northeast was directly related to its improved nutritional characteristics, which occurred with an increase in protein, phycocyanin, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (mainly γ-linolenic) content. The biomass produced in Northeast and South Brazil showed high thermal stability and had volatile compounds that could be used as biomarkers of Spirulina, and their parameters were within the limits of internationally recognized standards for food additives; hence, they have been considered safe foods. However, the growth of crops in south Brazil occurred at lower rates due to low temperatures and luminous intensities, indicative of the robustness of microalgae in relation to these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lívia da Silva Uebel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Samantha Serra Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Andréa Lobo Miranda
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Itaciara Larroza Nunes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ederlan de Souza Ferreira
- Department of Bromatological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Janice Izabel Druzian
- Department of Bromatological Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Rodrigues RDP, de Castro FC, Santiago-Aguiar RSD, Rocha MVP. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phycobiliproteins from Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis using protic ionic liquids as solvent. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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de Morais MG, da Fontoura Prates D, Moreira JB, Duarte JH, Costa JAV. Phycocyanin from Microalgae: Properties, Extraction and Purification, with Some Recent Applications. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2017.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Denise da Fontoura Prates
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Juliana Botelho Moreira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jessica Hartwig Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Kissoudi M, Sarakatsianos I, Samanidou V. Isolation and purification of food-grade C-phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis and its determination in confectionery by HPLC with diode array detection. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:975-981. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kissoudi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Ioannis Sarakatsianos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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Agro-Industrial Waste Based Phycocyanin Production fromOscillatoriasp. 50 A:daf-16 Modulating Effect inCaenorhabditis elegansand p53 Dependent Apoptosis in HeLa cells. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cai F, Lu W, Shi W, He S. A mobile device-based imaging spectrometer for environmental monitoring by attaching a lightweight small module to a commercial digital camera. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15602. [PMID: 29142283 PMCID: PMC5688121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially-explicit data are essential for remote sensing of ecological phenomena. Lately, recent innovations in mobile device platforms have led to an upsurge in on-site rapid detection. For instance, CMOS chips in smart phones and digital cameras serve as excellent sensors for scientific research. In this paper, a mobile device-based imaging spectrometer module (weighing about 99 g) is developed and equipped on a Single Lens Reflex camera. Utilizing this lightweight module, as well as commonly used photographic equipment, we demonstrate its utility through a series of on-site multispectral imaging, including ocean (or lake) water-color sensing and plant reflectance measurement. Based on the experiments we obtain 3D spectral image cubes, which can be further analyzed for environmental monitoring. Moreover, our system can be applied to many kinds of cameras, e.g., aerial camera and underwater camera. Therefore, any camera can be upgraded to an imaging spectrometer with the help of our miniaturized module. We believe it has the potential to become a versatile tool for on-site investigation into many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Cai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571001, China.
| | - Wuxiong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sailing He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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41
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Lee NK, Oh HM, Kim HS, Ahn CY. Higher production of C-phycocyanin by nitrogen-free (diazotrophic) cultivation of Nostoc sp. NK and simplified extraction by dark-cold shock. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:164-170. [PMID: 28024193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nostoc sp. NK (KCTC 12772BP) was isolated and cultivated in a BG11 medium and a nitrate-free BG11 medium (BG110). To enhance C-phycocyanin (C-PC) content in the cells, different fluorescent lamps (white, plant, and red) were used as light sources for complementary chromatic adaptation (CCA). The maximum biomass productivity was 0.42g/L/d and 0.32g/L/d under BG11 and BG110 conditions, respectively. The maximum C-PC contents were 8.4% (w/w) under white lamps, 13.6% (w/w) under plant lamps, and 18% (w/w) under BG110 and the red light condition. The maximum C-PC productivity was 57.4mg/L/d in BG110 under the red lamp condition. These results indicate that a higher C-PC content could be obtained under a diazotrophic condition and a CCA reaction. The C-PC could be released naturally from cells without any extraction processes, when Nostoc sp. NK was cultivated in the BG110 medium with CO2 aeration and put in dark conditions at 5°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kyeong Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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He H, Liu S, Li H, Chen T. Selenium–phycocyanin from selenium-enriched cultures of Nostoc sp. isolated from rice field prevents human kidney cells from paraquat-induced damage. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate that Se-containing phycocyanin (Se–PC) purified from Se-enriched cultures of Nostoc sp. could reverse paraquat (PQ)-induced DNA cell apoptosis through inhibition of superoxide overproduction in human kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics
- Ministry of Agriculture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Saijun Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510630
- China
| | - Huashou Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics
- Ministry of Agriculture
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
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43
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Kannaujiya VK, Sinha RP. Detection of Free Thiols and Fluorescence Response of Phycoerythrin Chromophore after Ultraviolet-B Radiation Stress. J Fluoresc 2016; 27:561-567. [PMID: 27858299 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of thiol-chromophore linkage plays a central role in the nature of fluorescence of phycoerythrin (PE). Interaction of thiol and chromophore is crucial for the energy transfer, redox signal and inhibition of oxidative damage. In the present investigation the effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on an emission fluorescence intensity and wavelength shift in PE due to interaction between thiol and chromophore by remarkable strategy of detection technique was studied. Purification of PE was done by using a gel permeation and ion exchange chromatography that yielded a quite high purity index (6.40) in a monomeric (αβ) form. UV-B radiation accelerated the quenching efficiency (24.9 ± 1.52%) by reducing fluorescence emission intensity of thiol linked chromophore after 240 min of UV-B exposure. However, after blocking of transiently released free thiol by N-ethylmaleimide, quenching efficiency was increased (36.8 ± 2.80%) with marked emission wavelength shift towards shorter wavelengths up to 562 nm as compared to 575 nm in control. Emission fluorescence of free thiol was at maximum after 240 min that was detected specifically by monobromobimane (mBrB) molecular probe. The association/dissociation of bilin chromophore was analyzed by SDS- and Native-PAGE that also indicated a complete reduction in emission fluorescence. Our work clearly shows an early detection of free thiols and relative interaction with chromophore after UV-B radiation which might play a significant role in structural and functional integrity of terminal PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Kannaujiya
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajeshwar P Sinha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Ibáñez-González MJ, Mazzuca-Sobczuk T, Redondo-Miranda RM, Molina-Grima E, Cooney CL. A novel vortex flow reactor for the purification of B-phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yu P, Wu Y, Wang G, Jia T, Zhang Y. Purification and bioactivities of phycocyanin. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 57:3840-3849. [PMID: 27171656 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1167668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunting Wu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Tianmei Jia
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yishu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Sonani RR, Rastogi RP, Patel R, Madamwar D. Recent advances in production, purification and applications of phycobiliproteins. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:100-9. [PMID: 26981199 PMCID: PMC4768114 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An obligatory sunlight requirement for photosynthesis has exposed cyanobacteria to different quantity and quality of light. Cyanobacteria can exhibit efficient photosynthesis over broad region (450 to 650 nm) of solar spectrum with the help of brilliantly coloured pigment proteins called phycobiliproteins (PBPs). Besides light-harvesting, PBPs are found to involve in several life sustaining phenomena including photoprotection in cyanobacteria. The unique spectral features (like strong absorbance and fluorescence), proteineous nature and, some imperative properties like hepato-protective, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activity of PBPs enable their use in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. PBPs have been also noted to show beneficial effect in therapeutics of some disease like Alzheimer and cancer. Such large range of applications increases the demand of PBPs in commodity market. Therefore, the large-scale and coast effective production of PBPs is the real need of time. To fulfil this need, many researchers have been working to find the potential producer of PBPs for the production and purification of PBPs. Results of these efforts have caused the inventions of some novel techniques like mixotrophic and heterotrophic strategies for production and aqueous two phase separation for purification purpose. Overall, the present review summarises the recent findings and identifies gaps in the field of production, purification and applications of this biological and economically important proteins.
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47
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Gupta GD, Sonani RR, Sharma M, Patel K, Rastogi RP, Madamwar D, Kumar V. Crystal structure analysis of phycocyanin from chromatically adapted Phormidium rubidum A09DM. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and sequence analyses of Phormidium phycocyanin revealed three co-evolving residues that determine the conformation of a phycocyanobilin chromophore believed to play role in alternate pathways for intra and inter-rod energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Deep Gupta
- Protein Crystallography Section
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Ravi R. Sonani
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study
- Sardar Patel University
- Anand
- India
| | - Mahima Sharma
- Protein Crystallography Section
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Krishna Patel
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study
- Sardar Patel University
- Anand
- India
| | - Rajesh P. Rastogi
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study
- Sardar Patel University
- Anand
- India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences
- UGC-Centre of Advanced Study
- Sardar Patel University
- Anand
- India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Protein Crystallography Section
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
- Mumbai 400085
- India
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48
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Rodrigues DB, Menezes CR, Mercadante AZ, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Bioactive pigments from microalgae Phormidium autumnale. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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49
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Vali Aftari R, Rezaei K, Mortazavi A, Bandani AR. The Optimized Concentration and Purity of Spirulina platensis
C-Phycocyanin: A Comparative Study on Microwave-Assisted and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robabeh Vali Aftari
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; PO Box 91775-1163 Mashhad Iran
| | - Karamatollah Rezaei
- Departments of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; University of Tehran; Karaj Iran
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; PO Box 91775-1163 Mashhad Iran
| | - Ali Reza Bandani
- Plant Protection; University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; University of Tehran; Karaj Iran
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50
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Wood JL, Miller CD, Sims RC, Takemoto JY. Biomass and phycocyanin production from cyanobacteria dominated biofilm reactors cultured using oilfield and natural gas extraction produced water. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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