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Azerigyik FA, Cagle SM, Wilson WC, Mitzel DN, Kading RC. The Temperature-Associated Effects of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infections in Mosquitoes and Climate-Driven Epidemics: A Review. Viruses 2025; 17:217. [PMID: 40006972 PMCID: PMC11860320 DOI: 10.3390/v17020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 12/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease within the genus Phlebovirus. Symptoms of the disease in animals range from moderate to severe febrile illness, which significantly impacts the livestock industry and causes severe health complications in humans. Similar to bunyaviruses in the genus Orthobunyavirus transmitted by mosquitoes, RVFV progression is dependent on the susceptibility of the physical, cellular, microbial, and immune response barriers of the vectors. These barriers, shaped by the genetic makeup of the mosquito species and the surrounding environmental temperature, exert strong selective pressure on the virus, affecting its replication, evolution, and spread. The changing climate coupled with the aforementioned bottlenecks are significant drivers of RVF epidemics and expansion into previously nonendemic areas. Despite the link between microclimatic changes and RVF outbreaks, there is still a dearth of knowledge on how these temperature effects impact RVF transmission and vector competence and virus persistence during interepidemic years. This intricate interdependence between the virus, larval habitat temperatures, and vector competence necessitates increased efforts in addressing RVFV disease burden. This review highlights recent advancements made in response to shifting demographics, weather patterns, and conveyance of RVFV. Additionally, ongoing studies related to temperature-sensitive variations in RVFV-vector interactions and knowledge gaps are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustus A. Azerigyik
- Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (F.A.A.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Shelby M. Cagle
- Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (F.A.A.); (S.M.C.)
| | - William C. Wilson
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (W.C.W.); (D.N.M.)
| | - Dana N. Mitzel
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (W.C.W.); (D.N.M.)
| | - Rebekah C. Kading
- Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (F.A.A.); (S.M.C.)
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Martínez-Domínguez L, Nicolalde-Morejón F, Vergara-Silva F, Gernandt DS, Huesca-Domínguez I, Stevenson DW. Evolutionary trends of reproductive phenotype in Cycadales: an analysis of morphological evolution in Ceratozamia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:631-650. [PMID: 38676472 PMCID: PMC11523635 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The size and shape of reproductive structures is especially relevant in evolution because these characters are directly related to the capacity for pollination and seed dispersal, a process that plays a basic role in evolutionary patterns. The evolutionary trajectories of reproductive phenotypes in gymnosperms have received special attention in terms of pollination and innovations related to the emergence of the spermatophytes. However, variability of reproductive structures, evolutionary trends and the role of environment in the evolution of cycad species have not been well documented and explored. This study considered this topic under an explicitly phylogenetic and evolutionary approach that included a broad sampling of reproductive structures in the genus Ceratozamia. METHODS We sampled 1400 individuals of 36 Ceratozamia species to explore the evolutionary pattern and identify and evaluate factors that potentially drove their evolution. We analysed characters for both pollen and ovulate strobili within a phylogenetic framework using different methods and characters (i.e. molecular and both quantitative and qualitative morphological) to infer phylogenetic relationships. Using this phylogenetic framework, evolutionary models of trait evolution for strobilar size were evaluated. In addition, quantitative morphological variation and its relation to environmental variables across species were analysed. KEY RESULTS We found contrasting phylogenetic signals between characters of pollen and ovulate strobili. These structures exhibited high morphological disparity in several characters related to size. Results of analyses of evolutionary trajectories suggested a stabilizing selection model. With regard to phenotype-environment, the analysis produced mixed results and differences for groups in the vegetation type where the species occur; however, a positive relationship with climatic variables was found. CONCLUSIONS The integrated approach synthesized reproductive phenotypic variation with current phylogenetic hypotheses and provided explicit statements of character evolution. The characters of volume for ovulate strobili were the most informative, and could provide a reference for further study of the evolutionary complexity in Ceratozamia. Finally, heterogeneous environments, which are under changing weather conditions, promote variability of reproductive structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilí Martínez-Domínguez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Teoría Evolutiva e Historia de la Ciencia (Jardín Botánico), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91090, Mexico
| | - Fernando Nicolalde-Morejón
- Laboratorio de Taxonomía Integrativa, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Francisco Vergara-Silva
- Laboratorio de Teoría Evolutiva e Historia de la Ciencia (Jardín Botánico), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
| | - David S Gernandt
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Israel Huesca-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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Narvaez CA, Stark AY, Russell MP. Morphological and Mechanical Tube Feet Plasticity among Populations of Sea Urchin ( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae022. [PMID: 38988590 PMCID: PMC11234643 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sea urchins rely on an adhesive secreted by their tube feet to cope with the hydrodynamic forces of dislodgement common in nearshore, high wave-energy environments. Tube feet adhere strongly to the substrate and detach voluntarily for locomotion. In the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, adhesive performance depends on both the type of substrate and the population of origin, where some substrates and populations are more adhesive than others. To explore the source of this variation, we evaluated tube foot morphology (disc surface area) and mechanical properties (maximum disc tenacity and stem breaking force) of populations native to substrates with different lithologies: sandstone, mudstone, and granite. We found differences among populations, where sea urchins native to mudstone substrates had higher disc surface area and maximum disc tenacity than sea urchins native to sandstone substrates. In a lab-based reciprocal transplant experiment, we attempted to induce a plastic response in tube foot morphology. We placed sea urchins on nonnative substrates (i.e., mudstone sea urchins were placed on sandstone and vice versa), while keeping a subgroup of both populations on their original substrates as a control. Instead of a reciprocal morphological response, we found that all treatments, including the control, reduced their disc area in laboratory conditions. The results of this study show differences in morphology and mechanical properties among populations, which explains population differences in adhesive performance. Additionally, this work highlights the importance of considering the impact of phenotypic plasticity in response to captivity when interpreting the results of laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Narvaez
- Department of Biology, Rhode Island College, 600 Mt Pleasant Ave., Providence, RI 02908, USA
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - A Y Stark
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - M P Russell
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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Cheng J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhang L, Hui M, Sha Z. Rolling with the punches: Organism-environment interactions shape spatial pattern of adaptive differentiation in the widespread mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170244. [PMID: 38278258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Investigating spatial pattern of adaptive variation and its underlying processes can inform the adaptive potential distributed within species ranges, which is increasingly important in the context of a changing climate. A correct interpretation of adaptive variation pattern requires that population history and the ensuing population genetic structure are taken into account. Here we carried out such a study by integrating population genomic analyses, demographic model testing and species distribution modeling to investigate patterns and causes of adaptive differentiation in a widespread mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria, along a replicated, broad-scale temperature gradient in the northwestern Pacific (NWP). Our results supported a strong hierarchical ecogeographic structure dominated by habitat-linked divergence among O. oratoria populations accompanied with introgressive hybridization. A combined FST outlier and environmental correlation analyses revealed remarkable temperature-associated clines in allele frequency across paired North-South populations on Chinese and Japanese coasts, and identified a suite of loci associated with temperature adaptation. Further demographic model testing revealed the observed clinal variation derived partly from Pleistocene divergence followed by recent secondary contact. More importantly, the likelihood of hybridization is predicted to increase as climate change progresses, which would break barriers to gene flow and enable the spread of adaptive genetic variation. These results support that not only is temperature-driven adaptive differentiation occurs in O. oratoria but that such pattern is likely attributed to ancient adaptive variation, sustained by contemporary ocean conditions and a semi-permeable barrier to gene flow maintained by selection. They moreover provide genomic insights into the distribution of adaptive potential across O. oratoria' s species range. This work can serve as a case study to characterize adaptive diversity of marine species in the NWP by integrating environmental and genetic data at temporal and spatial scales in a population genomic framework, which would improve management and conservation actions under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Cheng
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Global Ocean and Climate Research Center, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yulong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Hui
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Cutter AD. Sexual conflict, heterochrony and tissue specificity as evolutionary problems of adaptive plasticity in development. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231854. [PMID: 37817601 PMCID: PMC10565415 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential gene expression represents a fundamental cause and manifestation of phenotypic plasticity. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in gene expression as a trait evolves when alleles that mediate gene regulation serve to increase organismal fitness by improving the alignment of variation in gene expression with variation in circumstances. Among the diverse circumstances that a gene encounters are distinct cell types, developmental stages and sexes, as well as an organism's extrinsic ecological environments. Consequently, adaptive phenotypic plasticity provides a common framework to consider diverse evolutionary problems by considering the shared implications of alleles that produce context-dependent gene expression. From this perspective, adaptive plasticity represents an evolutionary resolution to conflicts of interest that arise from any negatively pleiotropic effects of expression of a gene across ontogeny, among tissues, between the sexes, or across extrinsic environments. This view highlights shared properties within the general relation of fitness, trait expression and context that may nonetheless differ substantively in the grain of selection within and among generations to influence the likelihood of adaptive plasticity as an evolutionary response. Research programmes that historically have focused on these separate issues may use the insights from one another by recognizing their shared dependence on context-dependent gene regulatory evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher D. Cutter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
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Manitašević Jovanović S, Hočevar K, Vuleta A, Tucić B. Predicting the Responses of Functional Leaf Traits to Global Warming: An In Situ Temperature Manipulation Design Using Iris pumila L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3114. [PMID: 37687360 PMCID: PMC10490406 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is widely acknowledged as one of the most common solutions for coping with novel environmental conditions following climate change. However, it is less known whether the current amounts of trait plasticity, which is sufficient for matching with the contemporary climate, will be adequate when global temperatures exceed historical levels. We addressed this issue by exploring the responses of functional and structural leaf traits in Iris pumila clonal individuals to experimentally increased temperatures (~1.5 °C) using an open top chamber (OTC) design. We determined the phenotypic values of the specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf water content, and leaf thickness in the leaves sampled from the same clone inside and outside of the OTC deployed on it, over seasons and years within two natural populations. We analyzed the data using a repeated multivariate analysis of variance, which primarily focusses on the profiles (reaction norms (RNs)) of a variable gathered from the same individual at several different time points. We found that the mean RNs of all analyzed traits were parallel regardless of experienced temperatures, but differed in the level and the shape. The populations RNs were similar as well. As the amount of plasticity in the analyzed leaf trait was adequate for coping with elevated temperatures inside the OTCs, we predict that it will be also sufficient for responding to increased temperatures if they exceed the 1.5 °C target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Manitašević Jovanović
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Katarina Hočevar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.H.); (A.V.)
| | - Ana Vuleta
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.H.); (A.V.)
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Santillán-Sarmiento A, Pazzaglia J, Ruocco M, Dattolo E, Ambrosino L, Winters G, Marin-Guirao L, Procaccini G. Gene co-expression network analysis for the selection of candidate early warning indicators of heat and nutrient stress in Posidonia oceanica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162517. [PMID: 36868282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuous worldwide seagrasses decline calls for immediate actions in order to preserve this precious marine ecosystem. The main stressors that have been linked with decline in seagrasses are 1) the increasing ocean temperature due to climate change and 2) the continuous inputs of nutrients (eutrophication) associated with coastal human activities. To avoid the loss of seagrass populations, an "early warning" system is needed. We used Weighed Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), a systems biology approach, to identify potential candidate genes that can provide an early warning signal of stress in the Mediterranean iconic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, anticipating plant mortality. Plants were collected from both eutrophic (EU) and oligotrophic (OL) environments and were exposed to thermal and nutrient stress in a dedicated mesocosm. By correlating the whole-genome gene expression after 2-weeks exposure with the shoot survival percentage after 5-weeks exposure to stressors, we were able to identify several transcripts that indicated an early activation of several biological processes (BP) including: protein metabolic process, RNA metabolic process, organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process, catabolic process and response to stimulus, which were shared among OL and EU plants and among leaf and shoot apical meristem (SAM), in response to excessive heat and nutrients. Our results suggest a more dynamic and specific response of the SAM compared to the leaf, especially the SAM from plants coming from a stressful environment appeared more dynamic than the SAM from a pristine environment. A vast list of potential molecular markers is also provided that can be used as targets to assess field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Pazzaglia
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miriam Ruocco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Gidon Winters
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center (DSASC), Masada National Park, Mount Masada 8698000, Israel.; Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Hatmarim Blv, Eilat 8855630, Israel
| | - Lázaro Marin-Guirao
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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Baag S, Mandal S. Do predator (Mystus gulio) and prey (Penaeus monodon) have differential response against heatwaves? Unveiling through oxidative stress biomarkers and thermal tolerance estimation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 184:105850. [PMID: 36566576 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climatic events such as heatwaves are anticipated to intensify in future and impose additional thermal stress to aquatic animals. Knowledge regarding an organism's thermal tolerance or sensitivity is therefore important in determining the effects of fluctuating water temperature on physiological responses. Thus, thermal tolerance tests can serve as a first step in understanding the present and future effects of climate warming. Climatic variability will alter prey-predator attributes differentially and impact their subsequent interactions. The key objective of this study was to compare and decode the stress responses, resistance and vulnerability of two economically important species from Sundarbans estuarine system- Penaeus monodon (prey) and Mystus gulio (predator) subjected to acute thermal challenges such as sudden heatwaves. Both the species were subjected to an increasing thermal ramp of 1°C h-1 from 22°C to 42°C. Organisms were observed continuously throughout the ramping period and changes in the locomotory behaviour were followed until their loss of equilibrium. The digestive tissue samples were dissected out from both M. gulio and P. monodon at every 2°C and also after a recovery period of 48 h. The SOD, CAT, GST, LPO were measured and integrated biomarker response (IBR) was analysed. The results from thermal tolerance maxima estimation, biomarker study, IBR responses indicated more intense stress response in fish M. gulio whereas recovery potential was greater in shrimp P. monodon. Our findings corroborate the 'trophic sensitivity hypothesis' which advocates predators to be less tolerant in aggravated environmental stress than their prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Baag
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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Zeballos N, Grulois D, Leung C, Chevin LM. Acceptable loss: Fitness consequences of salinity-induced cell death in a halotolerant microalga. Am Nat 2023; 201:825-840. [DOI: 10.1086/724417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Edmunds PJ. Persistence of a sessile benthic organism promoted by a morphological strategy combining sheets and trees. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220952. [PMID: 35858059 PMCID: PMC9277250 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sessile organisms exploit a life-history strategy in which adults are immobile and their growth position is determined at settlement. The morphological strategy exploited by these organisms has strong selective value, because it can allow beneficial matching of morphology to environmental and biological conditions. In benthic marine environments, a 'sheet-tree' morphology is a classic mechanism exploited by select sessile organisms, and milleporine hydrocorals provide one of the best examples of this strategy. Using 30-year analysis of Millepora sp. on the reefs of St. John, US Virgin Islands, I tested for the benefits of a sheet-tree morphology in mediating the ecological success of an important functional group of benthic space holders. The abundance of Millepora sp. chaotically changed from 1992 to 2021 in concert with hurricanes, bleaching and macroalgal crowding. Millepora sp. responded to these disturbances by exploiting their morphological strategy to increase the use of trees when their sheets were compromised by bleaching and spatial competition with macroalgae, and the use of sheets when their trees were broken by storms. Together, these results reveal the selective value of a plastic sheet-tree morphology, which can be exploited by sessile organisms to respond to decadal-scale variation in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Edmunds
- Department of Biology, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA
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11
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Forestiero S. The historical nature of biological complexity and the ineffectiveness of the mathematical approach to it. Theory Biosci 2022; 141:213-231. [PMID: 35583727 PMCID: PMC9184406 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-022-00369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary scientific knowledge is built on both methodological and epistemological reductionism. The discovery of the limitations of the reductionist paradigm in the mathematical treatment of certain physical phenomena originated the notion of complexity, both as a pattern and process. After clarifying some very general terms and ideas on biological evolution and biological complexity, the article will tackle to seek to summarize the debate on biological complexity and discuss the difference between complexities of living and inert matter. Some examples of the major successes of mathematics applied to biological problems will follow; the notion of an intrinsic limitation in the application of mathematics to biological complexity as a global, relational, and historical phenomenon at the individual and species level will also be advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Forestiero
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Res Viva, Interuniversity Research Center for the Epistemology and History of Life Sciences, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Mercier A, Obadia T, Carraretto D, Velo E, Gabiane G, Bino S, Vazeille M, Gasperi G, Dauga C, Malacrida AR, Reiter P, Failloux AB. Impact of temperature on dengue and chikungunya transmission by the mosquito Aedes albopictus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6973. [PMID: 35484193 PMCID: PMC9051100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes albopictus is an invasive species first detected in Europe in Albania in 1979, and now established in 28 European countries. Temperature is a limiting factor in mosquito activities and in the transmission of associated arboviruses namely chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV). Since 2007, local transmissions of CHIKV and DENV have been reported in mainland Europe, mainly in South Europe. Thus, the critical question is how far north transmission could occur. In this context, the Albanian infestation by Ae. albopictus is of interest because the species is present up to 1200 m of altitude; this allows using altitude as a proxy for latitude. Here we show that Ae. albopictus can transmit CHIKV at 28 °C as well as 20 °C, however, the transmission of DENV is only observed at 28 °C. We conclude that if temperature is the key environmental factor limiting transmission, then transmission of CHIKV, but not DENV is feasible in much of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Mercier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Insects and Infectious Diseases, 75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094 Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie Et de Neurologie Tropicale, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Thomas Obadia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, 75015, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, G5 Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Davide Carraretto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gaelle Gabiane
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Giuliano Gasperi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Dauga
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna R Malacrida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paul Reiter
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Insects and Infectious Diseases, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 75015, Paris, France.
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13
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Changes and Relationships between Components in the Plant-Soil System and the Dominant Plant Functional Groups in Alpine Kobresia Meadows Due to Overgrazing. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last several decades, overgrazing has led to various changes in the plant communities, soil nutrients and soil microbial communities in alpine Kobresia meadows, which contain various plant communities coexisting on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Investigating the variations in the biomass and concentration of nutrients in the plant–soil system in these communities may improve understanding of the biochemical responses and adaptation strategies they use to resist disturbances due to overgrazing. We therefore assessed 12 factors across four grazing intensities in alpine Kobresia meadows to explore the following three questions. (1) What the responses are in alpine Kobresia meadows to overgrazing. (2) How they affect plant–soil systems in alpine Kobresia meadows under overgrazing. (3) What factors can be used to evaluate the effects of overgrazing on the ecosystem health status of alpine Kobresia meadows. The results gave the following answers to the above questions. (1) Overgrazing caused the total aboveground biomass to decrease from 333.2 ± 17.4 g/m2 to 217.4 ± 30.2 g/m2, the coverage of plant functional groups of Gramineae and Cyperaceae to decrease from 74.2 ± 3% to 22.5 ± 1.9%, and the total belowground biomass to increase from 4028.5 ± 7.3 g/m2 to 6325.6 ± 24.8 g/m2. (2) Overgrazing resulted in variations in plant–soil systems at three levels. The concentrations of carbon (C) in soil nutrients and plant communities, explained 50.9% of the variation of biomass in plant functional groups; the concentration of soil available nutrients, explained 22.2% of the variation; and the ratio of C and N in shoots and soil total N, explained 11.0% of the variation. (3) The variations in C/N stoichiometry in total soil nutrients and soil microorganisms were 3.4–8.4% and 2.0–3.0%, respectively, and the load of (ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) + nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–-N)) to growth of roots tissue increased from 84.1 ± 5.0 g/m2/(mg/kg) via 99.0 ± 1.3 g/m2/(mg/kg) to 86.1 ± 2.1 g/m2/(mg/kg) at 0 to 40 cm soil in an alpine meadow with grazing intensities rising. Overgrazing would thus increase the deficit of those two kinds of inorganic N on roots growing by 11.4%, 17.7% and 2.4% as grazing rates increased by 93.3%, 126.7% and 213.3%, respectively, compared to a meadow grazed at the lowest rate in the research. We concluded that the alpine meadow changed its distribution of biomass in the plant community, which increased the limiting nutrient deficit on production and altered the concentration and ratio of C and N. This destroyed the original balance to enable the plant community to resist overgrazing. Plot “KH”—a pasture with a grazing intensity next to the lowest one—was the key state in which persistent overgrazing could increase the limiting nutrient load on plant community production, change the dominant position of functional plant groups and species, and lead to plant community degradation. Using ratio of Gramineae to Cyperaceae or Kobresia humilis to K. pygmaea to monitor plant community succession could indirectly estimate these limiting nutrients deficit and balance, and their strategy for incorporating matter into roots and shoots. However how to use those outward characteristics to assess the ecosystem health requires further studies.
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14
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Chandra Rajan K, Meng Y, Yu Z, Roberts SB, Vengatesen T. Oyster biomineralization under ocean acidification: From genes to shell. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3779-3797. [PMID: 33964098 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is one of the key processes that is notably affected in marine calcifiers such as oysters under ocean acidification (OA). Understanding molecular changes in the biomineralization process under OA and its heritability, therefore, is key to developing conservation strategies for protecting ecologically and economically important oyster species. To do this, in this study, we have explicitly chosen the tissue involved in biomineralization (mantle) of an estuarine commercial oyster species, Crassostrea hongkongensis. The primary aim of this study is to understand the influence of DNA methylation over gene expression of mantle tissue under decreased ~pH 7.4, a proxy of OA, and to extrapolate if these molecular changes can be observed in the product of biomineralization-the shell. We grew early juvenile C. hongkongensis, under decreased ~pH 7.4 and control ~pH 8.0 over 4.5 months and studied OA-induced DNA methylation and gene expression patterns along with shell properties such as microstructure, crystal orientation and hardness. The population of oysters used in this study was found to be moderately resilient to OA at the end of the experiment. The expression of key biomineralization-related genes such as carbonic anhydrase and alkaline phosphatase remained unaffected; thus, the mechanical properties of the shell (shell growth rate, hardness and crystal orientation) were also maintained without any significant difference between control and OA conditions with signs of severe dissolution. In addition, this study makes three major conclusions: (1) higher expression of Ca2+ binding/signalling-related genes in the mantle plays a key role in maintaining biomineralization under OA; (2) DNA methylation changes occur in response to OA; however, these methylation changes do not directly control gene expression; and (3) OA would be more of a 'dissolution problem' rather than a 'biomineralization problem' for resilient species that maintain calcification rate with normal shell growth and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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15
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Cartelier K, Aimé D, Ly Vu J, Combes-Soia L, Labas V, Prosperi JM, Buitink J, Gallardo K, Le Signor C. Genetic determinants of seed protein plasticity in response to the environment in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1298-1311. [PMID: 33733554 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the frequency of extreme environmental events is expected to increase with climate change, identifying candidate genes for stabilizing the protein composition of legume seeds or optimizing this in a given environment is increasingly important. To elucidate the genetic determinants of seed protein plasticity, major seed proteins from 200 ecotypes of Medicago truncatula grown in four contrasting environments were quantified after one-dimensional electrophoresis. The plasticity index of these proteins was recorded for each genotype as the slope of Finlay and Wilkinson's regression and then used for genome-wide association studies (GWASs), enabling the identification of candidate genes for determining this plasticity. This list was enriched in genes related to transcription, DNA repair and signal transduction, with many of them being stress responsive. Other over-represented genes were related to sulfur and aspartate family pathways leading to the synthesis of the nutritionally essential amino acids methionine and lysine. By placing these genes in metabolic pathways, and using a M. truncatula mutant impaired in regenerating methionine from S-methylmethionine, we discovered that methionine recycling pathways are major contributors to globulin composition establishment and plasticity. These data provide a unique resource of genes that can be targeted to mitigate negative impacts of environmental stresses on seed protein composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cartelier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Delphine Aimé
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Joseph Ly Vu
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, F-49000, France
| | - Lucie Combes-Soia
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) UMR85, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) UMR85, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Marie Prosperi
- Genetic Improvement and Adaptation of Mediterranean and Tropical Plants (AGAP), INRAE, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Julia Buitink
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Angers, F-49000, France
| | - Karine Gallardo
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Le Signor
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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16
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March-Salas M, Fandos G, Fitze PS. Effects of intrinsic environmental predictability on intra-individual and intra-population variability of plant reproductive traits and eco-evolutionary consequences. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:413-423. [PMID: 32421780 PMCID: PMC7988524 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is widely accepted that changes in the environment affect mean trait expression, but little is known about how the environment shapes intra-individual and intra-population variance. Theory suggests that intra-individual variance might be plastic and under natural selection, rather than reflecting developmental noise, but evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. Here, we experimentally tested whether differences in intrinsic environmental predictability affect intra-individual and intra-population variability of different reproductive traits, and whether intra-individual variability is under selection. METHODS Under field conditions, we subjected Onobrychis viciifolia to more and less predictable precipitation over 4 generations and 4 years. We analysed effects on the coefficient of intra-individual variation (CVi-i) and the coefficient of intra-population variation (CVi-p), assessed whether the coefficients of intra-individual variation (CsVi-i) are under natural selection and tested for transgenerational responses (ancestor environmental effects on offspring). KEY RESULTS Less predictable precipitation led to higher CsVi-i and CsVi-p, consistent with plastic responses. The CsVi-i of all studied traits were under consistent stabilizing selection, and precipitation predictability affected the strength of selection and the location of the optimal CVi-i of a single trait. All CsVi-i differed from the optimal CVi-i and the maternal and offspring CsVi-i were positively correlated, showing that there was scope for change. Nevertheless, no consistent transgenerational effects were found in any of the three descendant generations, which contrasts with recent studies that detected rapid transgenerational responses in the trait means of different plant species. This suggests that changes in intra-individual variability take longer to evolve than changes in trait means, which may explain why high intra-individual variability is maintained, despite the stabilizing selection. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that plastic changes of intra-individual variability are an important determinant of whether plants will be able to cope with changes in environmental predictability induced by the currently observed climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí March-Salas
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, Jaca, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - Guillermo Fandos
- Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Rudower Chaussee, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick S Fitze
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecologic Restoration, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria, Jaca, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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17
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Guerrini G, Shefy D, Shashar N, Shafir S, Rinkevich B. Morphometric and allometric rules of polyp's landscape in regular and chimeric coral colonies of the branching species Stylophora pistillata. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:652-668. [PMID: 33368848 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies on architectural rules in corals have focused on the branch and the colony level, unveiling a variety of allometric rules. Working on the branching coral Stylophora pistillata, here we further extend the astogenic directives of this species at the polyp level, to reveal allometric and morphometric rules dictating polyps' arrangement. RESULTS We identified a basic morphometric landscape as a six-polyp circlet developed around a founder polyp, with established distances between polyps (six equilateral triangles), reflecting a strong genetic-based background vs high plasticity on the population level. Testing these rules in regular and chimeric S. pistillata colonies, we revealed similar morphometric/allometric rules developed via a single astogenic pathway. In regular colonies, this pathway was driven by the presence/absence of intra-circlet budding polyps, while in chimeras, by the distances between the two founder polyps. In addition, we identified the intra-circlet budding as the origin of first branching, if BPC distances are kept <1.09 ± 0.25 mm. CONCLUSIONS The emerged allometric/morphometric rules indicate the existence of a positional information paradigm for polyps' landscape distribution, where each polyp creates its own positional field of morphogen gradients through six inductive sites, thus forming six positional fields for the development of the archetypal "six-polyp crown".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guerrini
- Israel Oceanography and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel.,Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben- Gurion University of the Negev Eilat Campus, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dor Shefy
- Israel Oceanography and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel.,Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben- Gurion University of the Negev Eilat Campus, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Science, Eilat, Israel
| | - Nadav Shashar
- Marine Biology and Biotechnology Program, Department of Life Sciences, Ben- Gurion University of the Negev Eilat Campus, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shai Shafir
- Israel Oceanography and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel.,Oranim Academic College of Education, 36006 Kiryat Tivon, Israel
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanography and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
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18
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Täuber S, Golze C, Ho P, von Lieres E, Grünberger A. dMSCC: a microfluidic platform for microbial single-cell cultivation of Corynebacterium glutamicum under dynamic environmental medium conditions. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4442-4455. [PMID: 33095214 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00711k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In nature and in technical systems, microbial cells are often exposed to rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions. These conditions can vary in quality, e.g., the existence of a starvation zone, and quantity, e.g., the average residence time in this zone. For strain development and process design, cellular response to such fluctuations needs to be systematically analysed. However, the existing methods for physically imitating rapidly changing environmental conditions are limited in spatio-temporal resolution. Hence, we present a novel microfluidic system for cultivation of single cells and small cell clusters under dynamic environmental conditions (dynamic microfluidic single-cell cultivation (dMSCC)). This system enables the control of nutrient availability and composition between two media with second to minute resolution. We validate our technology using the industrially relevant model organism Corynebacterium glutamicum. The organism was exposed to different oscillation frequencies between nutrient excess (feasts) and scarcity (famine). The resulting changes in cellular physiology, such as the colony growth rate and cell morphology, were analysed and revealed significant differences in the growth rate and cell length between the different conditions. dMSCC also allows the application of defined but randomly changing nutrient conditions, which is important for reproducing more complex conditions from natural habitats and large-scale bioreactors. The presented system lays the foundation for the cultivation of cells under complex changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Täuber
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Technical Faculty, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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19
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Lallias D, Bernard M, Ciobotaru C, Dechamp N, Labbé L, Goardon L, Le Calvez JM, Bideau M, Fricot A, Prézelin A, Charles M, Moroldo M, Cousin X, Bouchez O, Roulet A, Quillet E, Dupont-Nivet M. Sources of variation of DNA methylation in rainbow trout: combined effects of temperature and genetic background. Epigenetics 2020; 16:1031-1052. [PMID: 33126823 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1834924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is a key component of the ability of organisms to respond to changing environmental conditions. In this study, we aimed to study the establishment of DNA methylation marks in response to an environmental stress in rainbow trout and to assess whether these marks depend on the genetic background. The environmental stress chosen here was temperature, a known induction factor of epigenetic marks in fish. To disentangle the role of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation in generating phenotypic variations, nine rainbow trout isogenic lines with no genetic variability within a line were used. For each line, half of the eggs were incubated at standard temperature (11°C) and the other half at high temperature (16°C), from eyed-stage to hatching. In order to gain a first insight into the establishment of DNA methylation marks in response to an early temperature regime (control 11°C vs. heated 16°C), we have studied the expression of 8 dnmt3 (DNA methyltransferase) genes, potentially involved in de novo methylation, and analysed global DNA methylation in the different rainbow trout isogenic lines using LUMA (LUminometric Methylation Assay). Finally, finer investigation of genome-wide methylation patterns was performed using EpiRADseq, a reduced-representation library approach based on the ddRADseq (Double Digest Restriction Associated DNA) protocol, for six rainbow trout isogenic lines. We have demonstrated that thermal history during embryonic development alters patterns of DNA methylation, but to a greater or lesser extent depending on the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lallias
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maria Bernard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRAE, SIGENAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Céline Ciobotaru
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Dechamp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandre Fricot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Mathieu Charles
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRAE, SIGENAE, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marco Moroldo
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Alain Roulet
- INRAE, GeT PlaGe, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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20
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Sørensen JG, Manenti T, Bechsgaard JS, Schou MF, Kristensen TN, Loeschcke V. Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulans. Front Genet 2020; 11:555843. [PMID: 33193631 PMCID: PMC7655653 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.555843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are exposed to temperatures that vary, for example on diurnal and seasonal time scales. Thus, the ability to behaviorally and/or physiologically respond to variation in temperatures is a fundamental requirement for long-term persistence. Studies on thermal biology in ectotherms are typically performed under constant laboratory conditions, which differ markedly from the variation in temperature across time and space in nature. Here, we investigate evolutionary adaptation and environmentally induced plastic responses of Drosophila simulans to no fluctuations (constant), predictable fluctuations or unpredictable fluctuations in temperature. We whole-genome sequenced populations exposed to 20 generations of experimental evolution under the three thermal regimes and examined the proteome after short-term exposure to the same three regimes. We find that unpredictable fluctuations cause the strongest response at both genome and proteome levels. The loci showing evolutionary responses were generally unique to each thermal regime, but a minor overlap suggests either common laboratory adaptation or that some loci were involved in the adaptation to multiple thermal regimes. The evolutionary response, i.e., loci under selection, did not coincide with induced responses of the proteome. Thus, genes under selection in fluctuating thermal environments are distinct from genes important for the adaptive plastic response observed within a generation. This information is key to obtain a better understanding and prediction of the effects of future increases in both mean and variability of temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mads F. Schou
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Bellone R, Failloux AB. The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:584846. [PMID: 33101259 PMCID: PMC7545027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.584846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases having the greatest impact on human health are typically prevalent in the tropical belt of the world. However, these diseases are conquering temperate regions, raising the question of the role of temperature on their dynamics and expansion. Temperature is one of the most significant abiotic factors affecting, in many ways, insect vectors and the pathogens they transmit. Here, we debate the veracity of this claim by synthesizing current knowledge on the effects of temperature on arboviruses and their vectors, as well as the outcome of their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bellone
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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22
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Cronin AL, Azuma N, Miyazaki S, Oguri E, Schwarz MP, Ito F. Geographic patterns in colonial reproductive strategy in Myrmecina nipponica: Links between biogeography and a key polymorphism in ants. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1192-1202. [PMID: 33448532 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability to express different phenotypes can help define species distributions by allowing access to, and exploitation of, new environments. Social insects employ two markedly different reproductive strategies with contrasting cost/benefit characteristics: independent colony foundation (ICF), which is associated with high dispersal range and high risk, and dependent colony foundation (DCF), characterized by low risk but low dispersal. The ant Myrmecina nipponica employs both of these strategies, with the frequency of each apparently varying between populations. We combine molecular data with data on reproductive strategy from different populations of this species throughout Japan to explore how this polymorphism is linked to environmental factors and whether this relationship can help explain the current and historical biogeography of this species. Reproductive strategy exhibited a strong geographic pattern, with ICF predominant in southern populations and DCF more common in northern and southern highland populations. Molecular analyses clearly divided populations into broad geographic regions, with the southern lowland populations basal to (southern highland (+ northern)) populations. Intra-population polymorphism in colony-founding strategy was widespread, and polymorphism was reconstructed as the likely ancestral state. The frequency of different strategies was linked with climate, with DCF more common in colder areas. A recent inferred origin to the northern lineage suggests that colonization of northern Japan was a rapid event coincident with warming at the end of the Last Glacial Maxima, likely facilitated by the cold-adaptive advantages of DCF. We discuss how such polymorphisms could help explain the biogeography of this and other social insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Azuma
- Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyazaki
- Department of Agri-production Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Oguri
- Systematic Botany Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael P Schwarz
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fuminori Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
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23
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Täuber S, von Lieres E, Grünberger A. Dynamic Environmental Control in Microfluidic Single-Cell Cultivations: From Concepts to Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906670. [PMID: 32157796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic single-cell cultivation (MSCC) is an emerging field within fundamental as well as applied biology. During the last years, most MSCCs were performed at constant environmental conditions. Recently, MSCC at oscillating and dynamic environmental conditions has started to gain significant interest in the research community for the investigation of cellular behavior. Herein, an overview of this topic is given and microfluidic concepts that enable oscillating and dynamic control of environmental conditions with a focus on medium conditions are discussed, and their application in single-cell research for the cultivation of both mammalian and microbial cell systems is demonstrated. Furthermore, perspectives for performing MSCC at complex dynamic environmental profiles of single parameters and multiparameters (e.g., pH and O2 ) in amplitude and time are discussed. The technical progress in this field provides completely new experimental approaches and lays the foundation for systematic analysis of cellular metabolism at fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Täuber
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Eric von Lieres
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Chandra Rajan K, Vengatesen T. Molecular adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation to high-CO 2 oceans - The known and the unknown. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104883. [PMID: 32072987 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-CO2 induced ocean acidification (OA) reduces the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation level (Ω) and the pH of oceans. Consequently, OA is causing a serious threat to several ecologically and economically important biomineralising molluscs. Biomineralisation is a highly controlled biochemical process by which molluscs deposit their calcareous structures. In this process, shell matrix proteins aid the nucleation, growth and assemblage of the CaCO3 crystals in the shell. These molluscan shell proteins (MSPs) are, ultimately, responsible for determination of the diverse shell microstructures and mechanical strength. Recent studies have attempted to integrate gene and protein expression data of MSPs with shell structure and mechanical properties. These advances made in understanding the molecular mechanism of biomineralisation suggest that molluscs either succumb or adapt to OA stress. In this review, we discuss the fate of biomineralisation process in future high-CO2 oceans and its ultimate impact on the mineralised shell's structure and mechanical properties from the perspectives of limited substrate availability theory, proton flux limitation model and the omega myth theory. Furthermore, studying the interplay of energy availability and differential gene expression is an essential first step towards understanding adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation to OA, because if there is a need to change gene expression under stressors, any living system would require more energy than usual. To conclude, we have listed, four important future research directions for molecular adaptation of molluscan biomineralisation in high-CO2 oceans: 1) Including an energy budgeting factor while understanding differential gene expression of MSPs and ion transporters under OA. 2) Unraveling the genetic or epigenetic changes related to biomineralisation under stressors to help solving a bigger picture about future evolution of molluscs, and 3) Understanding Post Translational Modifications of MSPs with and without stressors. 4) Understanding carbon uptake mechanisms across taxa with and without OA to clarify the OA theories on Ω.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Chandra Rajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Thiyagarajan Vengatesen
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Mascaró M, Horta JL, Diaz F, Paschke K, Rosas C, Simões N. Effect of a gradually increasing temperature on the behavioural and physiological response of juvenile Hippocampus erectus: Thermal preference, tolerance, energy balance and growth. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102406. [PMID: 31657747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physiological and behavioural responses of ectotherms to temperature is strongly dependent on the individuals' previous thermal history. Laboratory based studies investigating the mechanisms of thermoregulation in marine ectotherms, however, rarely consider key temporal elements of thermal exposure, such as the rate at which temperature changes. We tested the hypothesis that juvenile seahorses, Hippocampus erectus, from a tropical coastal lagoon in Yucatan, Mexico, would exhibit variations in physiological and behavioural descriptors of thermoregulation when submitted to contrasting regimes during 30 days: temperature constant at 25 °C (C 25); gradually increasing 1 °C every 5 days from 25 to 30 °C (GI 25-30); and constant at 30 °C (C 30). Immediately after exposure, critical maximum temperature, thermal preference, oxygen consumption, partial energy balance, growth rate and survival of seahorses were measured. Seahorses exposed to GI 25-30 showed a significantly higher critical thermal maxima (37.8 ± 0.9 °C), preference (28.7 ± 0.4 °C), growth (1.10 ± 0.49%) and survival (97.6%) than those exposed to C 30 (36.5 ± 1, 29.4 ± 0.3 °C, 0.48 ± 0.32%, 73.8%, respectively). Both high temperature regimes induced metabolic depression, but ramping resulted in a greater amount of energy assimilated (278.9 ± 175.4 J g-1 day-1) and higher energy efficiency for growth (89.8%) than constant exposure to 30 °C (115.4 ± 63.4 J g-1 day-1, 65.3%, respectively). Gradually increasing temperature allowed physiological mechanisms of thermal adjustment to take place, reflecting the capacity of juvenile H. erectus to respond to environmental change. Despite its advantage, this capacity is limited in time, since the cumulative effect of thermal exposure affected metabolic performance, eventually compromising survival. The study of seahorse response to thermal variations in the context of ocean warming needs to consider the temporal elements of thermal exposure to foresee its vulnerability under future scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mascaró
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera Laboratorios Nacionales, CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J L Horta
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - F Diaz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana # 3918, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - K Paschke
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - C Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera Laboratorios Nacionales, CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - N Simões
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de abrigo s/n Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera Laboratorios Nacionales, CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico; International Chair for Coastal and Marine Studies, Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA.
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Carpentieri A, Sebastianelli A, Melchiorre C, Pinto G, Staropoli A, Trifuoggi M, Amoresano A. Mass spectrometry based proteomics for the molecular fingerprinting of Fiano, Greco and Falanghina cultivars. Food Res Int 2019; 120:26-32. [PMID: 31000238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The official methodologies used for the identification and comparison of vine cultivars are ampelography and ampelometry. These methodologies are essentially based on qualitative assessments or biometric dependent morphological features of the plant. The heterogeneity of cultivars and consequently the increasing demand for a more detailed product typization, led to the introduction of new methodologies for the varietal characterization. In this scenario, proteomics has already proved to be a very useful discipline for the typization of many kinds of edible products. In this paper, we present a proteomic study carried out on three cultivars of Vitis vinifera peculiar of south Italy (Campania) used for white wine production (Fiano, Greco and Falanghina) by advanced biomolecular mass spectrometry approach. Our data highlight variations in the proteomic profiles during ripening for each cultivar and between analyzed cultivars, thus suggesting a new way to outline the biomolecular signature of vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Melchiorre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Alessia Staropoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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Maldonado K, Newsome SD, Razeto‐Barry P, Ríos JM, Piriz G, Sabat P. Individual diet specialisation in sparrows is driven by phenotypic plasticity in traits related to trade‐offs in animal performance. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:128-137. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Maldonado
- Departamento de Ciencias Facultad de Artes Liberales Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Diagonal Las Torres 2640 SantiagoChile
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Casilla 653 SantiagoChile
| | - Seth D. Newsome
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM87131USA
| | - Pablo Razeto‐Barry
- Instituto de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Complejidad IFICC Los Alerces3024 SantiagoChile
- Vicerrectoría académica Universidad Diego Portales Manuel Rodríguez Sur 415 SantiagoChile
| | - Juan Manuel Ríos
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA, CCT‐CONICET) Mendoza5500Argentina
| | - Gabriela Piriz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Casilla 653 SantiagoChile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Chile Casilla 653 SantiagoChile
- Departamento de Ecología Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES) Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago6513677 Chile
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Parallel habitat acclimatization is realized by the expression of different genes in two closely related salamander species (genus Salamandra). Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:429-437. [PMID: 28953268 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of similar habitats by different species provides an ideal opportunity to identify genes underlying adaptation and acclimatization. Here, we analysed the gene expression of two closely related salamander species: Salamandra salamandra in Central Europe and Salamandra infraimmaculata in the Near East. These species inhabit similar habitat types: 'temporary ponds' and 'permanent streams' during larval development. We developed two species-specific gene expression microarrays, each targeting over 12 000 transcripts, including an overlapping subset of 8331 orthologues. Gene expression was examined for systematic differences between temporary ponds and permanent streams in larvae from both salamander species to establish gene sets and functions associated with these two habitat types. Only 20 orthologues were associated with a habitat in both species, but these orthologues did not show parallel expression patterns across species more than expected by chance. Functional annotation of a set of 106 genes with the highest effect size for a habitat suggested four putative gene function categories associated with a habitat in both species: cell proliferation, neural development, oxygen responses and muscle capacity. Among these high effect size genes was a single orthologue (14-3-3 protein zeta/YWHAZ) that was downregulated in temporary ponds in both species. The emergence of four gene function categories combined with a lack of parallel expression of orthologues (except 14-3-3 protein zeta) suggests that parallel habitat adaptation or acclimatization by larvae from S. salamandra and S. infraimmaculata to temporary ponds and permanent streams is mainly realized by different genes with a converging functionality.
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Donohue K, Schmitt J. THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF PLASTICITY TO DENSITY IN
IMPATIENS CAPENSIS. Evolution 2017; 53:1377-1386. [PMID: 28565560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/1998] [Accepted: 05/06/1999] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Donohue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University Box G‐W Providence Rhode Island 02912
| | - Johanna Schmitt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University Box G‐W Providence Rhode Island 02912
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31
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Wu R. THE DETECTION OF PLASTICITY GENES IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS. Evolution 2017; 52:967-977. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/1997] [Accepted: 03/30/1998] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongling Wu
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences and Conservation; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195
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32
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Morin JP, Moreteau B, Pétavy G, Parkash R, David JR. REACTION NORMS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN DROSOPHILA
: ADAPTIVE SHAPE CHANGES IN A STENOTHERM CIRCUMTROPICAL SPECIES? Evolution 2017; 51:1140-1148. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb03961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/1996] [Accepted: 04/14/1997] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Morin
- CNRS Laboratoire de Populations; Génétique et Evolution; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - B. Moreteau
- CNRS Laboratoire de Populations; Génétique et Evolution; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - G. Pétavy
- CNRS Laboratoire de Populations; Génétique et Evolution; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - R. Parkash
- Department of Biosciences; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 India
| | - J. R. David
- CNRS Laboratoire de Populations; Génétique et Evolution; 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
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33
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Olivé I, Silva J, Lauritano C, Costa MM, Ruocco M, Procaccini G, Santos R. Linking gene expression to productivity to unravel long- and short-term responses of seagrasses exposed to CO 2 in volcanic vents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42278. [PMID: 28205566 PMCID: PMC5304229 DOI: 10.1038/srep42278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is a major threat for marine life but seagrasses are expected to benefit from high CO2. In situ (long-term) and transplanted (short-term) plant incubations of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa were performed near and away the influence of volcanic CO2 vents at Vulcano Island to test the hypothesis of beneficial effects of CO2 on plant productivity. We relate, for the first time, the expression of photosynthetic, antioxidant and metal detoxification-related genes to net plant productivity (NPP). Results revealed a consistent pattern between gene expression and productivity indicating water origin as the main source of variability. However, the hypothesised beneficial effect of high CO2 around vents was not supported. We observed a consistent long- and short-term pattern of gene down-regulation and 2.5-fold NPP decrease in plants incubated in water from the vents and a generalized up-regulation and NPP increase in plants from the vent site incubated with water from the Reference site. Contrastingly, NPP of specimens experimentally exposed to a CO2 range significantly correlated with CO2 availability. The down-regulation of metal-related genes in C. nodosa leaves exposed to water from the venting site suggests that other factors than heavy metals, may be at play at Vulcano confounding the CO2 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Olivé
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, ALGAE - Marine Plant Ecology Research Group. Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - João Silva
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, ALGAE - Marine Plant Ecology Research Group. Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Monya M Costa
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, ALGAE - Marine Plant Ecology Research Group. Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Miriam Ruocco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rui Santos
- CCMar-Centre of Marine Sciences, ALGAE - Marine Plant Ecology Research Group. Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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34
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Slepecky RA, Starmer WT. Phenotypic plasticity in fungi: a review with observations onAureobasidium pullulans. Mycologia 2017; 101:823-32. [DOI: 10.3852/08-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Ryan CP, Brownlie JC, Whyard S. Hsp90 and Physiological Stress Are Linked to Autonomous Transposon Mobility and Heritable Genetic Change in Nematodes. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3794-3805. [PMID: 28082599 PMCID: PMC5521727 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) have been recognized as potentially powerful drivers of genomic evolutionary change, but factors affecting their mobility and regulation remain poorly understood. Chaperones such as Hsp90 buffer environmental perturbations by regulating protein conformation, but are also part of the PIWI-interacting RNA pathway, which regulates genomic instability arising from mobile TEs in the germline. Stress-induced mutagenesis from TE movement could thus arise from functional trade-offs in the dual roles of Hsp90. We examined the functional constraints of Hsp90 and its role as a regulator of TE mobility by exposing nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae) to environmental stress, with and without RNAi-induced silencing of Hsp90. TE excision frequency increased with environmental stress intensity at multiple loci in several strains of each species. These effects were compounded by RNAi-induced knockdown of Hsp90. Mutation frequencies at the unc-22 marker gene in the offspring of animals exposed to environmental stress and Hsp90 RNAi mirrored excision frequency in response to these treatments. Our results support a role for Hsp90 in the suppression of TE mobility, and demonstrate that that the Hsp90 regulatory pathway can be overwhelmed with moderate environmental stress. By compromising genomic stability in germline cells, environmentally induced mutations arising from TE mobility and insertion can have permanent and heritable effects on both the phenotype and the genotype of subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen P. Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Jeremy C. Brownlie
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve Whyard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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36
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Leung C, Breton S, Angers B. Facing environmental predictability with different sources of epigenetic variation. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5234-45. [PMID: 27551379 PMCID: PMC4984500 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different sources of epigenetic changes can increase the range of phenotypic options. Environmentally induced epigenetic changes and stochastic epimutations are, respectively, associated with phenotypic plasticity and diversifying bet-hedging. Their relative contribution is thus expected to reflect the capacity of a genotype to face distinct changes since these strategies are differentially selected according to environmental uncertainty. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the sources of epigenetic changes on clonal fish from predictable (lakes) or unpredictable (intermittent streams) environments. DNA methylation of clones from natural conditions revealed contrasting contribution of environmentally induced versus stochastic changes according to their origins. These differences were validated in common garden experiments. Consistent with theoretical models, distinct sources of epigenetic variation prevail according to the environmental uncertainty. However, both sources act conjointly, suggesting that plasticity and random processes are complementary strategies. This represents a rigorous approach for further exploring the capacity of organisms to respond to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Leung
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversité de MontréalC.P. 6128, succ. Centre‐villeMontrealQuebecH3C 3J7Canada
| | - Sophie Breton
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversité de MontréalC.P. 6128, succ. Centre‐villeMontrealQuebecH3C 3J7Canada
| | - Bernard Angers
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversité de MontréalC.P. 6128, succ. Centre‐villeMontrealQuebecH3C 3J7Canada
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37
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Samuel GH, Adelman ZN, Myles KM. Temperature-dependent effects on the replication and transmission of arthropod-borne viruses in their insect hosts. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 16:108-113. [PMID: 27720044 PMCID: PMC5367266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The transmissibility of vector borne viruses can be affected by a combination of factors, both extrinsic (climatic changes, temperature, urbanization, among others) and intrinsic (genetics, life span, immunity, among others). Temperature is of particular importance since the insect vectors of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are ectothermic and acutely susceptible to temperature changes. Modeling suggests that with increasing global temperature and urbanization, arboviral diseases will continue to emerge or reemerge. This review highlights current literature regarding temperature-dependent effects on virus-vector interactions and their potential to influence the transmission dynamics and epidemiology of arboviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glady Hazitha Samuel
- Virginia Tech, Fralin Life Science Institute, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zach N Adelman
- Virginia Tech, Fralin Life Science Institute, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kevin M Myles
- Virginia Tech, Fralin Life Science Institute, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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38
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Scovell WM. High mobility group protein 1: A collaborator in nucleosome dynamics and estrogen-responsive gene expression. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:206-222. [PMID: 27247709 PMCID: PMC4877529 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i2.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional protein that interacts with DNA and chromatin to influence the regulation of transcription, DNA replication and repair and recombination. We show that HMGB1 alters the structure and stability of the canonical nucleosome (N) in a nonenzymatic, adenosine triphosphate-independent manner. As a result, the canonical nucleosome is converted to two stable, physically distinct nucleosome conformers. Although estrogen receptor (ER) does not bind to its consensus estrogen response element within a nucleosome, HMGB1 restructures the nucleosome to facilitate strong ER binding. The isolated HMGB1-restructured nucleosomes (N’ and N’’) remain stable and exhibit a number of characteristics that are distinctly different from the canonical nucleosome. These findings complement previous studies that showed (1) HMGB1 stimulates in vivo transcriptional activation at estrogen response elements and (2) knock down of HMGB1 expression by siRNA precipitously reduced transcriptional activation. The findings indicate that a major facet of the mechanism of HMGB1 action involves a restructuring of aspects of the nucleosome that appear to relax structural constraints within the nucleosome. The findings are extended to reveal the differences between ER and the other steroid hormone receptors. A working proposal outlines mechanisms that highlight the multiple facets that HMGB1 may utilize in restructuring the nucleosome.
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39
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Fischer EK, Ghalambor CK, Hoke KL. Plasticity and evolution in correlated suites of traits. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:991-1002. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. K. Fischer
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - C. K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - K. L. Hoke
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
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40
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Savković U, ĐorĐević M, Šešlija Jovanović D, Lazarević J, Tucić N, Stojković B. Experimentally induced host-shift changes life-history strategy in a seed beetle. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:837-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Savković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Mirko ĐorĐević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Darka Šešlija Jovanović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Jelica Lazarević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Nikola Tucić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - Biljana Stojković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
- Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
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Paim Pinto DL, Brancadoro L, Dal Santo S, De Lorenzis G, Pezzotti M, Meyers BC, Pè ME, Mica E. The Influence of Genotype and Environment on Small RNA Profiles in Grapevine Berry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1459. [PMID: 27761135 PMCID: PMC5050227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between the genetic composition and the environment is crucial for modern viticulture. We approached this issue by focusing on the small RNA transcriptome in grapevine berries of the two varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Sangiovese, growing in adjacent vineyards in three different environments. Four different developmental stages were studied and a total of 48 libraries of small RNAs were produced and sequenced. Using a proximity-based pipeline, we determined the general landscape of small RNAs accumulation in grapevine berries. We also investigated the presence of known and novel miRNAs and analyzed their accumulation profile. The results showed that the distribution of small RNA-producing loci is variable between the two cultivars, and that the level of variation depends on the vineyard. Differently, the profile of miRNA accumulation mainly depends on the developmental stage. The vineyard in Riccione maximizes the differences between the varieties, promoting the production of more than 1000 specific small RNA loci and modulating their expression depending on the cultivar and the maturation stage. In total, 89 known vvi-miRNAs and 33 novel vvi-miRNA candidates were identified in our samples, many of them showing the accumulation profile modulated by at least one of the factors studied. The in silico prediction of miRNA targets suggests their involvement in berry development and in secondary metabolites accumulation such as anthocyanins and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucio Brancadoro
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Silvia Dal Santo
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Blake C. Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri–ColumbiaColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Mario E. Pè
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPisa, Italy
| | - Erica Mica
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPisa, Italy
- Genomics Research Centre, Agricultural Research CouncilFiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy
- *Correspondence: Erica Mica
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Noyola Regil J, Mascaro M, Díaz F, Denisse Re A, Sánchez-Zamora A, Caamal-Monsreal C, Rosas C. Thermal biology of prey (Melongena corona bispinosa, Strombus pugilis, Callinectes similis, Libinia dubia) and predators (Ocyurus chrysurus, Centropomus undecimalis) of Octopus maya from the Yucatan Peninsula. J Therm Biol 2015; 53:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Forsman A. Rethinking phenotypic plasticity and its consequences for individuals, populations and species. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:276-84. [PMID: 25293873 PMCID: PMC4815454 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research has been devoted to identify the conditions under which selection favours flexible individuals or genotypes that are able to modify their growth, development and behaviour in response to environmental cues, to unravel the mechanisms of plasticity and to explore its influence on patterns of diversity among individuals, populations and species. The consequences of developmental plasticity and phenotypic flexibility for the performance and ecological success of populations and species have attracted a comparatively limited but currently growing interest. Here, I re-emphasize that an increased understanding of the roles of plasticity in these contexts requires a 'whole organism' (rather than 'single trait') approach, taking into consideration that organisms are integrated complex phenotypes. I further argue that plasticity and genetic polymorphism should be analysed and discussed within a common framework. I summarize predictions from theory on how phenotypic variation stemming from developmental plasticity and phenotypic flexibility may affect different aspects of population-level performance. I argue that it is important to distinguish between effects associated with greater interindividual phenotypic variation resulting from plasticity, and effects mediated by variation among individuals in the capacity to express plasticity and flexibility as such. Finally, I claim that rigorous testing of predictions requires methods that allow for quantifying and comparing whole organism plasticity, as well as the ability to experimentally manipulate the level of and capacity for developmental plasticity and phenotypic flexibility independent of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Forsman
- Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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44
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Sassi PL, Novillo A. Acclimating to thermal changes: Intraspecific variation in a small mammal from the Andes Mountains. Mamm Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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McEvoy JF, Roshier DA, Ribot RFH, Bennett ATD. Proximate cues to phases of movement in a highly dispersive waterfowl, Anas superciliosa. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2015; 3:21. [PMID: 26331024 PMCID: PMC4556217 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-015-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterfowl can exploit distant ephemeral wetlands in arid environments and provide valuable insights into the response of birds to rapid environmental change, and behavioural flexibility of avian movements. Currently much of our understanding of behavioural flexibility of avian movement comes from studies of migration in seasonally predictable biomes in the northern hemisphere. We used GPS transmitters to track 20 Pacific black duck (Anas superciliosa) in arid central Australia. We exploited La Niña conditions that brought extensive flooding, so allowing a rare opportunity to investigate how weather and other environmental factors predict initiation of long distance movement toward freshly flooded habitats. We employed behavioural change point analysis to identify three phases of movement: sedentary, exploratory and long distance oriented movement. We then used random forest models to determine the ability of meteorological and remote sensed landscape variables to predict initiation of these phases. RESULTS We found that initiation of exploratory movement phases is influenced by fluctuations in local weather conditions and accumulated rainfall in the landscape. Initiation of long distance movement phases was found to be highly individualistic with minor influence from local weather conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals how individuals utilise local conditions to respond to changes in resource distribution at broad scales. Our findings suggest that individual movement decisions of dispersive birds are informed by the integration of multiple weather cues operating at different temporal and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. McEvoy
- />Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
- />Zoology, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - David A. Roshier
- />Australian Wildlife Conservancy, PO Box 6621, Halifax Street, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Raoul F. H. Ribot
- />Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
| | - Andy T. D. Bennett
- />Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220 Australia
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Manenti T, Sørensen JG, Moghadam NN, Loeschcke V. Predictability rather than amplitude of temperature fluctuations determines stress resistance in a natural population of Drosophila simulans. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2113-22. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Manenti
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - J. G. Sørensen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - N. N. Moghadam
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - V. Loeschcke
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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McWilliams SR, Karasov WH. Spare capacity and phenotypic flexibility in the digestive system of a migratory bird: defining the limits of animal design. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20140308. [PMID: 24718764 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible phenotypes enable animals to live in environments that change over space and time, and knowing the limits to and the required time scale for this flexibility provides insights into constraints on energy and nutrient intake, diet diversity and niche width. We quantified the level of immediate and ultimate spare capacity, and thus the extent of phenotypic flexibility, in the digestive system of a migratory bird in response to increased energy demand, and identified the digestive constraints responsible for the limits on sustained energy intake. Immediate spare capacity decreased from approximately 50% for birds acclimated to relatively benign temperatures to less than 20% as birds approached their maximum sustainable energy intake. Ultimate spare capacity enabled an increase in feeding rate of approximately 126% as measured in birds acclimated for weeks at -29°C compared with +21°C. Increased gut size and not tissue-specific differences in nutrient uptake or changes in digestive efficiency or retention time were primarily responsible for this increase in capacity with energy demand, and this change required more than 1-2 days. Thus, the pace of change in digestive organ size may often constrain energy intake and, for birds, retard the pace of their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R McWilliams
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, , Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Scott JE, McAbee KR, Eastman MM, Ravosa M. Teaching an old jaw new tricks: Diet-induced plasticity in a model organism, from weaning to adulthood. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:4099-107. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many organisms exhibit a decrease in the ability to modify their phenotypes in response to shifts in environmental conditions as they mature. Such age-dependent plasticity has important implications in a variety of evolutionary and ecological contexts, particularly with respect to understanding adaptive responses to heterogeneous environments. In this study we used experimental diet manipulation to examine the life-history trajectory of plasticity in the feeding complex of a model organism, the white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). We demonstrate that, contrary to expectations derived from previous cross-sectional studies of skeletal plasticity, the jaws of weanlings and young adults exhibit similar increases in relative bone cross-sectional areas in response to the introduction of mechanically challenging foods into their diets. Furthermore, we present evidence that sensitivity to loading patterns persists well into adulthood in some regions of the masticatory apparatus in rabbits, indicating that there is an extended window of opportunity to respond to changes in dietary properties during an animal's life span. We conclude that certain aspects of the facial skeleton of rabbits, and perhaps mammals in general, are sensitive to environmental stimuli long after skeletal maturity is achieved, highlighting the importance of plasticity as a source of adaptive variation at later life-history stages.
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Kaggwa MN, Burian A, Oduor SO, Schagerl M. Ecomorphological variability of Arthrospira fusiformis (Cyanoprokaryota) in African soda lakes. Microbiologyopen 2013; 2:881-91. [PMID: 24000144 PMCID: PMC3831648 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous spirally coiled cyanoprokaryote Arthrospira fusiformis is found in extremely high densities in tropical soda lakes acting as driving force of the food web. We studied pronounced temporal morphological changes of Arthrospira in Kenyan soda lakes, Nakuru and Bogoria, and identified underlying key factors. Cell (diameter and height) and filament (height of coil, coil diameter, and number) dimensions were measured from weekly samples collected over a period of 16 months. In both lakes, medium-sized cells and large, widely coiled filaments prevailed most. Percentage of large, widely coiled filaments was promoted by elevated levels of soluble reactive phosphorus, wind speed, temperature and conductivity and the opposite for small filaments. Large, narrow-coiled filaments were associated with an increase in mainly Arthrospira-grazing zooplankton and cyanophage infections. Widely coiled spirals were promoted by increased turbulences. Based on fluorescence measurements, we found widely coiled filaments representing high vitality. From this study we were able to demonstrate for the first time morphological patterns of Arthrospira in nature. Arthrospira morphotypes are suitable for indicating the biological status in soda lakes as they are subjective and therefore reflective of what is happening in its habitat. Additionally, this outcome might be also of interest for commercial 'Spirulina' farms in enhancing high-quality production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Nakabungo Kaggwa
- Department of Limnology, and Oceanography, University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Burian
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm UniversityFrescati Backe, Svante Arrhenius V 21A, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Omondi Oduor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton UniversityP.O Box 536, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Michael Schagerl
- Department of Limnology, and Oceanography, University of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Reddon AR, Hurd PL. Water pH during early development influences sex ratio and male morph in a West African cichlid fish, Pelvicachromis pulcher. ZOOLOGY 2013; 116:139-43. [PMID: 23474178 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental sex determination (ESD) is one of the most striking examples of phenotypic plasticity. Individuals from species that exhibit ESD can develop as either males or females depending on the particular environmental conditions they experience during early development. In fish, ESD species often show a relatively subtle effect of environment, resulting in a substantial number of both sexes being produced in both male- and female-biasing conditions, rather than the unisex clutches that are typical of many reptiles. This less dramatic form of ESD allows the opportunity to study the effects of sexual differentiation on within-sex variation in behavior and morphology by comparing same-sex individuals produced in male- and female-biasing conditions. Here, we confirm that sex determination in the West African cichlid, Pelvicachromis pulcher, is influenced by pH during early development. We show that pH also affects the ratio of two alternative male reproductive types with the polygynous morph being overproduced in male-biasing conditions and the monogamous male morph being overproduced in female-biasing conditions. Our results suggest that the sexual differentiation process may be an important force in maintaining individual variation in behavior and reproductive tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Reddon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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