Omeprazole-cisapride combination for gastroparesis following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: An efficacy and safety analysis

Table 1 General patient information, n (%)/mean ± SD

Data	Control group (n = 92)	Research group (n = 106)	χ2/t	P value
Sex			0.604	0.437
Male	47 (51.09)	60 (56.60)
Female	45 (48.91)	46 (43.40)
Age (years)	55.86 ± 6.22	56.60 ± 8.42	0.694	0.488
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.90 ± 2.29	22.79 ± 2.38	0.330	0.742
Mode of anesthesia			2.214	0.137
General anesthesia	38 (41.30)	55 (51.89)
Epidural anesthesia	54 (58.70)	51 (48.11)
Surgical technique			1.409	0.494
Gastroduodenostomy	36 (39.13)	42 (39.62)
Gastrojejunostomy	27 (29.35)	24 (22.64)
Roux-en-Y anastomosis	29 (31.52)	40 (37.74)
TNM staging			1.164	0.281
I-IIA	28 (30.43)	40 (37.74)
IIB-III	64 (69.57)	66 (62.26)
Surgical duration (hours)			1.901	0.168
< 4	37 (40.22)	53 (50.00)
≥ 4	55 (59.78)	53 (50.00)

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 2 Clinical efficacy comparison, n (%)

Efficacy	Control group (n = 92)	Research group (n = 106)	χ2	P value
Marked effectiveness	36 (39.13)	55 (51.89)
Effectiveness	32 (34.78)	40 (37.74)
Ineffectiveness	24 (26.09)	11 (10.38)
Overall effectiveness	68 (73.91)	95 (89.62)	8.353	0.004

Table 3 Symptom improvement across groups, median (interquartile range)

GCSI	Control group (n = 92)	Research group (n = 106)	Z	P value
Nausea and vomiting (points)
Before intervention	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.00, 4.00)	-1.405	0.160
After intervention	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)	-3.868	< 0.001
Stomach distension (points)
Before intervention	2.00 (1.00, 3.00)	2.00 (1.75, 3.00)	-0.538	0.591
After intervention	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)	1.00 (0.00, 1.00)	-5.929	< 0.001
Inability to eat a normal amount of food (points)
Before intervention	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	3.00 (2.00, 4.00)	-1.257	0.209
After intervention	3.00 (2.00, 3.75)	2.00 (1.75, 3.00)	-2.096	0.036
Inappetence (points)
Before intervention	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	2.00 (2.00, 3.00)	-0.172	0.863
After intervention	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)	-2.192	0.028
Severe postprandial fullness (points)
Before intervention	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	2.00 (2.00, 2.00)	-1.533	0.125
After intervention	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)	1.00 (0.75, 1.00)	-3.761	< 0.001

GCSI: Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index.

Table 4 Safety of two groups, n (%)

Adverse reactions	Control group (n = 92)	Research group (n = 106)	χ2	P value
Diarrhea	1 (1.09)	4 (3.77)
Abdominal pain	2 (2.17)	2 (1.89)
Headache/dizziness	3 (3.26)	4 (3.77)
Palpitations	1 (1.09)	3 (2.83)
Nausea	3 (3.26)	2 (1.89)
Total	10 (10.87)	15 (14.15)	0.481	0.488

Table 5 Univariate analysis, n (%)

Data	Ineffective group (n = 35)	Effective group (n = 163)	χ2	P value
Sex			0.117	0.733
Male (n = 107)	18 (51.43)	89 (54.60)
Female (n = 91)	17 (48.57)	74 (45.40)
Age (years)			4.888	0.027
< 56 (n = 90)	10 (28.57)	80 (49.08)
≥ 56 (n = 108)	25 (71.43)	83 (50.92)
Body mass index (kg/m2)			0.075	0.784
< 23 (n = 89)	15 (42.86)	74 (45.40)
≥ 23 (n = 109)	20 (57.14)	89 (54.60)
Anesthesia mode			0.027	0.870
General anesthesia (n = 93)	16 (45.71)	77 (47.24)
Epidural anesthesia (n = 105)	19 (54.29)	86 (52.76)
Surgical modality			1.720	0.423
Gastroduodenostomy (n = 78)	16 (45.71)	62 (38.04)
Gastrojejunostomy (n = 51)	6 (17.14)	45 (27.61)
Roux-en-Y anastomosis (n = 69)	13 (37.14)	56 (34.36)
TNM staging			7.586	0.006
I-IIA (n = 68)	5 (14.29)	63 (38.65)
IIB-III (n = 130)	30 (85.71)	100 (61.35)
Surgical duration (hours)			4.888	0.027
< 4 (n = 90)	10 (28.57)	80 (49.08)
≥ 4 (n = 108)	25 (71.43)	83 (50.92)
Baseline nausea and vomiting (points)			0.090	0.764
< 2 (n = 55)	9 (25.71)	46 (28.22)
≥ 2 (n = 143)	26 (74.29)	117 (71.78)
Baseline stomach distension (points)			1.282	0.258
< 2 (n = 55)	7 (20.00)	48 (29.45)
≥ 2 (n = 143)	28 (80.00)	115 (70.55)
Baseline inability to eat a normal amount of food (points)			0.011	0.916
< 3 (n = 72)	13 (37.14)	59 (36.20)
≥ 3 (n = 126)	22 (62.86)	104 (63.80)
Baseline inappetence (points)			1.601	0.206
< 2 (n = 46)	11 (31.43)	35 (21.47)
≥ 2 (n = 152)	24 (68.57)	128 (78.53)
Baseline severe postprandial fullness (points)			0.024	0.877
< 2 (n = 53)	9 (25.71)	44 (26.99)
≥ 2 (n = 145)	26 (74.29)	119 (73.01)
Baseline gastrin (ng/L)			5.357	0.021
< 88 (n = 95)	23 (65.71)	72 (44.17)
≥ 88 (n = 103)	12 (34.29)	91 (55.83)
Baseline motilin (mg/L)			10.886	0.001
< 309 (n = 97)	26 (74.29)	71 (43.56)
≥ 309 (n = 101)	9 (25.71)	92 (56.44)
Therapeutic regimen			8.353	0.004
Omeprazole (n = 92)	24 (68.57)	68 (41.72)
Omeprazole + cisapride (n = 106)	11 (31.43)	95 (58.28)

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 6 Multivariate analysis

Variable	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Age (years)	0.716	0.446	2.573	0.109	2.046	0.853-4.909
TNM staging	1.367	0.545	6.292	0.012	3.922	1.348-11.408
Surgical duration (hours)	0.747	0.451	2.741	0.098	2.110	0.872-5.106
Baseline gastrin (ng/L)	-0.796	0.433	3.385	0.066	0.451	0.193-1.053
Baseline motilin (mg/L)	-1.374	0.456	9.063	0.003	0.253	0.104-0.619
Therapeutic regimen	-1.172	0.449	6.801	0.009	0.310	0.128-0.747

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.