Remission of type 2 diabetes one year after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction: A prospective cohort study

Table 1 Changes in fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin and body weight after surgery

Time after surgery	Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	HbA1c (%)	Body weight (kg)
Baseline	7.7 ± 1.9	7.8 ± 1.4	62.1 ± 9.8
3 months	6.4 ± 1.6, P < 0.0001	7.2 ± 1.1, P < 0.0001	57.4 ± 9.3, P < 0.0001
6 months	6.7 ± 1.8, P < 0.0001	6.9 ± 1.0, P < 0.0001	56.9 ± 9.8, P < 0.0001
1 year	6.6 ± 1.5, P < 0.0001	6.8 ± 0.9, P < 0.0001	57.1 ± 9.5, P < 0.0001

HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without remission of type 2 diabetes after esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction

Characteristics	Without T2D remission	With T2D remission	P value
Age, years	67.0 ± 6.1	63.0 ± 5.2	0.002
Sex, male (%)	88.5	80.0	0.232
Histology type, squamous cell carcinoma (%)	84.0	91.7	0.329
Pathology stage, I/II (%)	57.1	58.3	0.906
Neoadjuvant therapy (%)	28.2	33.3%	0.606
Surgery procedure, McKeown (%)	84.0	75.0	0.272
Anastomosis leak (%)	8.6	8.3	1.000
Adjuvant therapy (%)	48.5	50.0	0.888
Duration of T2D, years	7.1 ± 3.7	4.9 ± 3.9	0.008
Treatment of T2D, with insulin (%)	17.2	16.7	1.000
Body weight, kg	61.2 ± 9.3	68.6 ± 11.1	0.001
BMI, kg/m2	23.8 ± 3	25.5 ± 2.4	0.011
Fasting glucose before surgery	7.7 ± 1.9	8.1 ± 2.1	0.379
HbA1c before surgery (%)	7.7 ± 1.3	8.5 ± 1.7	0.042

T2D: Type 2 diabetes; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

Table 3 Multivariate prediction of type 2 diabetes remission 1-year after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction

Variables	Univariable logistic regression analysis, P value	Univariable logistic regression analysis, OR	Multivariable logistic regression analysis, P value	Multivariable logistic regression analysis, OR
Age, years	0.003	0.899 (0.837-0.965)	0.016	0.910 (0.844-0.982)
Sex	0.206	0.518 (0.187-1.437)
Histology type, squamous cell carcinoma vs others	0.338	0.479 (0.106-2.162)
Pathology stage, I/II vs III/IV	0.906	1.054 (0.442-2.512)
Neoadjuvant therapy	0.606	0.786 (0.315-1.963)
Surgery procedure, McKeown vs trans-hiatal	0.277	0.569 (0.206-1.570)
Anastomosis leak	0.967	1.034 (0.220-4.859)
Adjuvant therapy	0.888	0.940 (0.399-2.216)
Duration of T2D	0.009	0.825 (0.714-0.953)	0.062	0.866 (0.745-1.008)
Fasting glucose before surgery, mmol/L	0.378	1.103 (0.887-1.371)
HbA1c before surgery (%)	0.011	1.460 (1.090-1.958)	0.080	1.365 (0.964-1.933)
Insulin treatment vs without	0.950	1.037 (0.329-3.269)
Body weight before surgery, kg	0.001	1.082 (1.032-1.134)	0.022	1.084 (1.012-1.162)
BMI, kg/m2	0.013	1.212 (1.042-1.410)	0.885	1.018 (0.799-1.298)

OR: Odds ratio; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.