Single-center retrospective study of the diagnostic value of double-balloon enteroscopy in Meckel’s diverticulum with bleeding

Table 1 General clinical manifestations

Clinical analysis		Cases, n	Percentage	χ2	P value
Sex	Male	77	92.0%	124.45	< 0.01
	Female	7	8.0%
Features of gastrointestinal bleeding	Black stool	19	21.6%	56.82	< 0.01
	Dark red bloody stool	65	78.4%
Characteristics of disease course	First bleeding	55	65.9%	17.82	< 0.01
	Recurrent bleeding	29	34.1%
Concomitant symptoms	Nothing	50	58.8%	82.31	< 0.01
	Abdominal pain	21	27.1%
	Shock	11	11.8%
	Abdominal pain and shock	2	2.4%
Shock index	< 1.0	71	85.2%	163.06	< 0.01
	1.0 < index < 1.5	12	13.6%
	> 1.5	1	1.1%
Anemia	Nothing	9	10.2%	111.36	< 0.01
	Exist	75	89.8%
Albumin	Normal	46	52.2%	0.36	> 0.05
	Reduce	42	47.8%
Abnormal coagulation function	Nothing	66	75.0%	42.03	< 0.01
	Exist	23	25.0%

Case number (n) and percentage (%) of Meckel’s diverticulum patients with different clinical manifestations were analyzed by frequency, and the difference ratio was compared by chi-square test after F-exact test.

Table 2 Meckel’s diverticulum hemorrhage incidence and age group analysis

Age in yr	Cases, n	Percentage	χ2	P value
≤ 30	51	61%	30.41a	< 0.01
30 < age ≤ 40	17	20%	28.56b	< 0.01
> 40	16	19%	0.04	> 0.05
Total	84	100%	N/A	N/A

^aP < 0.01: Comparison of bleeding incidence in MD group ≤ 30 years of age with > 40 years of age (Mann-Whitney U test).

^bP < 0.01: Comparison of bleeding incidence in MD group age ≤ 30 with 30 < age < 40 years (Mann-Whitney U test). P > 0.05: MD groups of 30 < age < 40 years and < 30 years of age were of no difference in bleeding incidence (Mann-Whitney U test).

N/A: Not applicable.

Table 3 Mucosal manifestations of Meckel’s diverticulum by double-balloon enteroscopy endoscopy

Manifestation	Cases, n	Percentage	χ2	P value
Normal	7	12.96%	51.02	< 0.01
Inflammation	9	16.67%
Ulcer	29	53.70%
Varus	2	3.70%
Hyperplasia	7	12.96%
Total	54	100.00%	N/A	N/A

Incidence of ulcers in Meckel’s diverticulum with bleeding was compared with absence of ulcers, P < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA test). N/A: Not applicable.

Table 4 Value analysis of double-balloon enteroscopy in the diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum

Diagnosis means	Total cases, n	Positive case, n	Positive rate, %	χ2	P value
Small intestine CT	52	10	19	2.551	> 0.05
				73.252	< 0.01
Capsule endoscope	25	9	36	12.011	< 0.01
				43.342	< 0.01
Nuclide scanning	45	35	78	34.011	< 0.01
DBE	54	54	100	11.012	< 0.01

¹Comparison of nuclide scanning, small intestine computed tomography (CT), and capsule endoscopy (CE) groups.

²Comparison of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), small intestine CT, CE, and nuclide scan groups. Difference ratios were compared by chi-square tests.

N/A: Not applicable.

Table 5 Analysis of features and postoperative pathology by Meckel’s diverticulum endoscopy

Pathological tissue	Normal	Inflammation	Varus	Ulcer	Hyperplasia	Total	χ2	P value
Small intestine tissue	5	7	2	13	3	30	5.36a	0.01 < P < 0.05
Gastric mucosa/pancreatic tissue	1	2	0	13	4	20
Total	6	9	2	26	7	50	N/A	N/A

^a0.01 < P < 0.05: More positive cases displaying the endoscopic ulcer/hyperplasia were found in the gastric mucosa/pancreatic tissue compared with small intestine tissue. Difference ratios were compared by chi-square tests.

N/A: Not applicable.

Table 6 Postoperative treatment prognosis evaluation of Meckel’s diverticulum hemorrhage

Operation	Bleeding frequency		Total	Postoperative bleeding		χ2	P value
	First bleeding	Recurrent bleeding		No bleeding	Rebleeding
Non- operative	5	3	8	5	3	19.67	< 0.01a
Surgical treatment	50	26	76	76	0

^aP < 0.01: 76 cases underwent surgical treatment compared with 8 cases without operation, the difference ratio between no-bleeding and rebleeding was analyzed by chi-square tests.