Inflammatory responses in esophageal mucosa before and after laparoscopic antireflux surgery

Table 1 Demographics

Group	n	Gender	Age	BMI
GERD	22	9 females/13 males	42.9 ± 11.5	25.1 ± 2.5
HC	20	13 females/7 males	41.9 ± 10.8	24.5 ± 1.8

There is no significant relationship between gender, age and body mass index. GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; HC: Healthy control; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Cell signaling proteins

Protein	mean ± SD (FI)	Median	Variance
MEK1
Post-LARS	344.9 ± 328.5	288.5a	102992.8
Pre-LARS	416.3 ± 697.9	230	464957.9
HC	161.9 ± 151.4	102.5	22920.5
c-Jun
Post-LARS	48.9 ± 17.4a	49	287.8
Pre-LARS	43.8 ± 10.9	42	113.6
HC	50.9 ± 11	50.5	121.1
p38-MAPK
Post-LARS	16.3 ± 15.2	10.0a	219.9
Pre-LARS	12.1 ± 10.5	8	106
HC	7.3 ± 1.2	7	1.3
NF-κB
Post-LARS	10.5 ± 1.9a,b	10.5	3.4
Pre-LARS	8.8 ± 3	8	8.4
HC	8.2 ± 1.6	8.5	2.6

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control.

^bP < 0.05 vs pre-laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery.

mean ± SD values are given for Student’s t test, Median and Variance values are given for Mann-Whitney U test. LARS: Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery; HC: Healthy control; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa-beta.

Table 3 Cytokine results indicating the homeostatic response

		mean ± SD (pg/mL)	Median	Variance
CCL21	Post-LARS	66.8 ± 75.5	46.5	5442.8
	Pre-LARS	123 ± 142.1	81.4a	19274.4
	HC	48.9 ± 67.7	22.4	4588.6
CCL27	Post-LARS	8.5 ± 5.4b	6.8a	27.5
	Pre-LARS	4.4 ± 4.6	2.1	20.5
	HC	3.5 ± 2.1	3.2	4.5
CCL20	Post-LARS	13.4 ± 17.1a	8	278.8
	Pre-LARS	9.4 ± 12.3	4.7	144.3
	HC	5.5 ± 4.8	3.1	22.8
CCL19	Post-LARS	62.2 ± 33.1a	56.2	1048.1
	Pre-LARS	52.9 ± 77.1	29.5	5620.6
	HC	31.8 ± 23.3	23.4	544.5
CCL23	Post-LARS	14.0 ± 11.6a	10.7	128.5
	Pre-LARS	10.8 ± 10.6	8.9	107.5
	HC	7.8 ± 4.9	7.7	24.1
CCL25	Post-LARS	629.7 ± 104a,b	631.9	10318.7
	Pre-LARS	391.2 ± 170	315	27576.1
	HC	365.7 ± 121	379.7	14629.2
CXCL12	Post-LARS	76.2 ± 71.8	52.8a	4912
	Pre-LARS	83.2 ± 147.1	48.6	20568.1
	HC	40.4 ± 20.2	33.8	408.6
MIF	Post-LARS	167465.0 ± 61928.5a,b	160339	106780256
	Pre-LARS	95257.5 ± 61594.5	63357.2	362142872
	HC	89235.6 ± 51629.5	82917.8	266560193

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control.

^bP < 0.05 vs pre-laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery.

CCL: CC chemokine ligand; CXCL: C-X-C chemokine ligand; LARS: Laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery; HC: Healthy control; MIF: Migration inhibitory factor.