Incidence of surgical site infection in minimally invasive colorectal surgery

Table 3 Risk factors for the development of surgical site infection, n (%)

	Non-SSI (n = 203)	SSI (n = 43)	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex
Male	136 (76.0)	31 (72.1)	Ref
Female	6 (33.0)	12 (27.9)	0.786	0.380-1.627	0.516
Age	65 (57, 71)	64 (57, 72)	1.006	0.976-1.037	0.697
BMI
< 24	134 (66.0)	25 (58.1)	Ref
≥ 24	69 (34.0)	18 (41.9)	1.398	0.714-2.738	0.328
Pathology
Benign	80 (39.4)	16 (37.2)	Ref
Malignant	123 (60.6)	27 (62.8)	1.098	0.556-2.165	0.788
Lesion site
Colon	110 (54.2)	16 (37.2)	Ref
Rectum	93 (45.8)	27 (62.8)	1.996	1.014-3.929	0.045
ASA
Ⅰ–Ⅱ	172 (84.7)	35 (81.4)	Ref
Ⅲ–Ⅳ	31 (15.3)	8 (18.6)	1.268	0.538-2.991	0.587
Hypertension
No	125 (61.6)	24 (55.8)	Ref
Yes	78 (38.4)	19 (44.2)	1.269	0.652-2.467	0.483
Diabetes mellitus
No	184 (90.6)	31 (72.1)	Ref
Yes	19 (9.4)	12 (27.9)	3.749	1.656-8.484	0.002
Hyperlipidemia
No	140 (69.0)	25 (58.1)	Ref
Yes	63 (31.0)	18 (41.9)	1.600	0.815-3.142	0.172
Smoking history
No	178 (87.7)	40 (93.0)	Ref
Yes	25 (12.3)	3 (7.0)	0.534	0.154-1.856	0.324
History of abdomen surgery
No	160 (78.8)	29 (67.4)	Ref
Yes	43 (21.2)	14 (32.6)	1.796	0.873-3.695	0.111
Previous operation except abdomen surgery
No	151 (74.4)	31 (72.1)	Ref
Yes	52 (25.6)	12 (27.9)	1.124	0.538-2.349	0.756
Tumor marker
Normal	167 (82.3)	35 (81.4)	Ref
Abnormal	36 (17.7)	8 (18.6)	1.060	0.454-2.477	0.892
Liver function
Normal	194 (95.6)	39 (90.7)	Ref
Abnormal	9 (4.4)	4 (9.3)	2.211	0.648-7.541	0.205
Preoperative albumin
≥ 40	124 (61.1)	22 (51.2)	Ref
< 40	79 (38.9)	21 (48.8)	1.498	0.773-2.902	0.231
Uric acid
Normal	166 (81.8)	39 (90.7)	Ref
Abnormal	37 (18.2)	4 (9.3)	0.460	0.155-1.367	0.162
Recent weight loss
No	153 (75.4)	27 (62.8)	Ref
Yes	50 (24.6)	16 (37.2)	1.813	0.904-3.637	0.094
Neoadjuvant therapy
No	193 (95.1)	37 (86.0)	Ref
Yes	10 (4.9)	6 (14.0)	3.130	1.072-9.138	0.037
Method of anastomosis
Intracorporeal	120 (59.1)	20 (46.5)	Ref
Extracorporeal	83 (40.9)	23 (53.5)	1.663	0.858-3.221	0.132
Incision length	6 (5, 7)	6 (6, 6)	1.429	1.126-1.815	0.003
Intraoperative blood loss
< 100 mL	155 (76.4)	22 (51.2)	Ref
≥ 100 mL	48 (23.6)	21 (48.8)	3.082	1.562-6.084	0.001
Operation time	260 (215, 312)	301 (243, 334)	1.005	1.001-1.009	0.006
Time of postoperative intake (d)	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 3)	1.241	0.737-2.091	0.416
Preoperative CRP
Normal	147 (72.4)	30 (69.8)	Ref
Abnormal	56 (27.6)	13 (30.2)	1.137	0.554-2.337	0.726
Surgery approach
LACS	92 (45.3)	20 (46.5)	Ref
RACS	111 (54.7)	23 (53.5)	0.953	0.493-1.844	0.887

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; CRP: Creactive protein; LACS: Laparoscopic-assisted colorectal surgery; RACS: Robot-assisted colorectal surgery; SSI: Surgical site infection.