Transgastric cholecystectomy: From the laboratory to clinical implementation

Figure 1 Balloon dilatation of the gastrotomy in the animal model (A) and in a patient (B).

Figure 2 Retraction of the gallbladder with a laparoscopic micro-instrument introduced in the right hypochondrium.

Figure 3 Dissection of the cystic pedicle with a flexible endoscope: “four hands” technique. Extrernal view (A) and endoscopic view (B).

Figure 4 Dissection of the cystic pedicle with a flexible endoscope in the animal model (A) and in a patient (B).