Bile leakage after loop closure vs clip closure of the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort

Figure 1 Identified risk for a bile leakage complication and bile leakage rate for clip closure and loop closure patients. X-axis: Summarised risk score for bile leakage complication; Y-axis: Percentage of patients with and without bile leakage in loop closure patients and cystic duct closure patients.

Figure 2 Bile leakage complication rate in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the period with only clip closure of the cystic duct (clip closure only period) and the period after loop cystic duct closure had been introduced (mixed closure period). No risk score: No bile leakage risk according to risk score prediction of Table 2; Risk score ≥ 1: Bile leakage risk score ≥ 1 according to risk score prediction of Table 2.