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Wang Y, Duan C, Du X, Zhu Y, Wang L, Hu J, Sun Y. Vagus Nerve and Gut-Brain Communication. Neuroscientist 2025; 31:262-278. [PMID: 39041416 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241259702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The vagus nerve, as an important component of the gut-brain axis, plays a crucial role in the communication between the gut and brain. It influences food intake, fat metabolism, and emotion by regulating the gut-brain axis, which is closely associated with the development of gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and metabolism-related disorders. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the vagus-mediated regulatory pathway, highlighting its profound implications in the development of many diseases. Here, we summarize the latest advancements in vagus-mediated gut-brain pathways and the novel interventions targeting the vagus nerve. This will provide valuable insights for future research on treatment of obesity and gastrointestinal and depressive disorders based on vagus nerve stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Wang
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Duan
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Du
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Liu XY, Chi YF, Wu YS, Chai JK. Research progress and considerations on oral rehydration therapy for the prevention and treatment of severe burn shock: A narrative review. Burns 2024; 50:107160. [PMID: 39322503 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Severe burns are a significant cause of life-threatening conditions in both peacetime and wartime. Shock is a critical complication during the early stages of burn injury, contributing substantially to mortality and long-term disability. Effective fluid resuscitation is crucial for preventing and treating shock, with prompt administration being vital. However, timely intravenous fluid resuscitation is often challenging, and errors in resuscitation significantly contribute to mortality. Therefore, exploring a more rapid and effective non-invasive method of fluid resuscitation is necessary. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) has shown considerable potential in this regard. This paper reviews ORT's historical development and current research progress, discussing its application in early anti-shock treatment for burns. While ORT is generally safe, potential complications like diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort must be noted, particularly if the rehydration rate is too rapid or if gastrointestinal issues exist. Careful patient assessment and monitoring are essential during ORT administration. Based on a comprehensive review of relevant research, we present provisional guidelines for ORT in burn patients. These guidelines aim to inform clinical practice but should be applied cautiously due to limited clinical evidence. Implementation must be tailored to the patient's condition under healthcare supervision, with adjustments according to evolving circumstances: ① Initiation timing: Start as soon as possible, and the ideal start time is usually within 6 h after injury. ② Rate of application: Employing a fractional administration approach, wherein small quantities of approximately 150-250 millilitres are provided for each instance and the initial fluid rate of oral rehydration can be simplified to 100 mL/kg/24 h. ③ Composition combination: In addition to essential salts and glucose, the oral rehydration solution can incorporate various anti-inflammatory and cellular protection constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Liu
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Senior Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Institute of Burn in the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fucheng Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yun-Fei Chi
- Senior Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Institute of Burn in the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fucheng Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yu-Shou Wu
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Senior Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Institute of Burn in the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fucheng Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jia-Ke Chai
- Senior Department of Burns & Plastic Surgery, Institute of Burn in the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fucheng Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
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Yuan L, Quan SJ, Li XY, Huang YB, Li YQ, Zheng H. Effectiveness of electroacupuncture on postoperative ileus prevention after abdominal surgery: A systematic review and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:2060-2068. [PMID: 38943533 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to verify the effectiveness of electroacupuncture on postoperative ileus prevention after abdominal surgery by meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). METHODS From inception to May 14, 2024, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched. TSA was used to determine an optimal sample size and control false-positive findings. The primary outcome was the time to first defecation (hours). RESULTS Fourteen studies were included, with 1105 participants. Meta-analysis and TSA revealed firm evidence for benefits that electroacupuncture shorted the time to first defecation (mean difference [MD] -12.73 h, I2 = 22%, P < 0.01), the time to first flatus (MD -7.03 h, I2 = 25%, P < 0.01), the time to start of sips of water (MD -12.02 h, I2 = 0%, P < 0.01), and the time to start of liquid diet (MD -12.97 h, I2 = 0%, P < 0.01) compared with usual care. While compared with sham electroacupuncture, meta-analysis and TSA also confirmed that electroacupuncture shortened the time to first defecation (MD -10.81 h, I2 = 31%, P = 0.02) and the time to first flatus (MD -10.81 h, I2 = 0%, P < 0.01). However, TSA revealed that firm evidence for benefit or futility was not reached for the length of hospital stay and the rates of postoperative prolonged ileus. CONCLUSIONS Electroacupuncture shortened the duration of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, and the adverse events related to electroacupuncture were minor. Further investigation of the effect of electroacupuncture on the risk of prolonged postoperative ileus is warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yuan
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Jie Quan
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Bing Huang
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Li
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- The Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhou Y, Yin ZH, Sun MS, Wang YY, Yang C, Li SH, Liang FR, Liu F. Global research trends in postoperative ileus from 2011 to 2023: A scientometric study. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:3020-3031. [PMID: 39351552 PMCID: PMC11438810 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i9.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication after abdominal surgery with high morbidity, which hinders patient recovery, prolongs hospitalization, and increases healthcare costs. Therefore, POI has become a global public health challenge. POI triggering is multifactorial. Autonomic and hormonal mechanisms are generally involved in POI pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that beta adrenergic signaling of enteric glia is a POI trigger. Currently, the status quo, trends, and frontiers of global research on POI remain unclear. AIM To explore the current status, trends, and frontiers of POI research from 2011 to the present based on bibliometric analysis. METHODS Publications published on POI research from 2011 to 2023 were retrieved on June 1, 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace 6.2.R2 and VOSviewer were used to conduct bibliometric visualization. RESULTS In total, 778 POI records published from 2011 to 2023 were retrieved. Over the past few decades, the annual cumulative number of related articles has linearly increased, with China and the United States of America contributing prominently. All publications were from 59 countries and territories. China and the University of Bonn were the top contributing country and institution, respectively. Neurogastroenterology & Motility was the most prolific journal. The Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery had the highest number of citations. Wehner Sven was the most productive author. Burst keywords (e.g., colon, prolonged ileus, acupuncture, paralytic ileus, pathophysiology, rectal cancer, gastrointestinal function, risk) and a series of reference citation bursts provided evidence for the research frontiers in recent years. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates trends in the published literature on POI and provides new insights for researchers. It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation in the development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zi-Han Yin
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu-Hao Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fan-Rong Liang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Fan X, Liu Y, Li S, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Li W, Hao J, Xu Z, Zhang B, Liu W, Zhang S. Comprehensive landscape-style investigation of the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at ST36 single acupoint on different systemic diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26270. [PMID: 38375243 PMCID: PMC10875596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The principle of acupoint stimulation efficacy is based on traditional meridian theory. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of acupoints in treating diseases remain unclear in modern scientific understanding. In this study, we selected the ST36 acupoint for investigation and summarized all relevant literature from the PubMed database over the past 10 years. The results indicate that stimulation of ST36 single acupoints has therapeutic effects mainly in models of respiratory, neurological, digestive, endocrine and immune system diseases. And it can affect the inflammatory state, oxidative stress, respiratory mucus secretion, intestinal flora, immune cell function, neurotransmitter transmission, hormone secretion, the network of Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) and glucose metabolism of the organism in these pathological states. Among them, acupuncture at the ST36 single point has the most prominent function in regulating the inflammatory state, which can mainly affect the activation of MAPK signaling pathway and drive the "molecular-cellular" mode involving macrophages, T-lymphocytes, mast cells (MCs) and neuroglial cells as the core to trigger the molecular level changes of the acupuncture point locally or in the target organ tissues, thereby establishing a multi-system, multi-target, multi-level molecular regulating mechanism. This article provides a comprehensive summary and discussion of the molecular mechanisms and effects of acupuncture at the ST36 acupoint, laying the groundwork for future in-depth research on acupuncture point theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300250, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yongrui Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jiaxin Hao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Institute for TCM-X, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Suzhao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
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Valentini J, Sigl M, Dunckel C, Krisam J, Amendt K, Greten HJ. Can acupuncture increase microcirculation in peripheral artery disease and diabetic foot syndrome? - a pilot study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1371056. [PMID: 38476441 PMCID: PMC10927840 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1371056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) have an increasing incidence and a high prevalence and are both associated with high morbidity and complication rates, e.g., as chronic non-healing peripheral ulcers. Impaired macro- and microcirculation and peripheral neuropathy lead to an increased risk of foot ulcers and infections. These complications are difficult to treat, have a high risk of becoming chronic and often lead to lower limb amputation. The aim of this planned study was to investigate the potential effects of acupuncture on improving microcirculation in patients with Diabetic Foot Syndrome (DFS) and PAD. Materials and methods In 18 patients with chronic non-healing peripheral ulcers and diagnosed DM or PAD, data on 8 microcirculatory parameters were collected simultaneously on intact skin close to the wound margin. Microcirculation was assessed using an O2C device combining laser Doppler shift and white light spectroscopy (LEA Medizintechnik GmbH, Giessen, Germany). Unilateral and bilateral acupuncture was performed on the connecting line between acupuncture points Stomach 14 and Stomach 15. Results After unilateral acupuncture (ipsilateral to the wound side), a statistically significant improvement in 7 out of 8 microcirculatory parameters was demonstrated compared to baseline measurements before acupuncture. After bilateral acupuncture, there was an additional improvement and statistical significance in all parameters in both DFS and PAD patients. Discussion These results show an improvement in the microcirculation and peripheral blood flow at the edges of the wound. As impaired micro- and macrocirculation is considered to be a critical prognostic factor for the healing of a peripheral lesion, the intervention could have a positive impact on the healing of (chronic) peripheral wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Valentini
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Sigl
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Heidelberg, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cornelia Dunckel
- Practice for Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Krisam
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Department Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Amendt
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Heidelberg, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Wang Y, Yang JW, Yan SY, Lu Y, Han JG, Pei W, Zhao JJ, Li ZK, Zhou H, Yang NN, Wang LQ, Yang YC, Liu CZ. Electroacupuncture vs Sham Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Postoperative Ileus After Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg 2023; 158:20-27. [PMID: 36322060 PMCID: PMC9631228 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite the adoption of the optimized Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol, postoperative ileus (POI) severely impairs recovery after colorectal resection and increases the burden on the health care system. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in reducing the duration of POI with the ERAS protocol. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled trial was conducted in China from October 12, 2020, through October 17, 2021. There was a 1:1 allocation using the dynamic block random method, and analyses were by intention to treat. Patients 18 years or older undergoing laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer for the first time were randomly assigned to treatment group by a central system. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to 4 sessions of EA or sham electroacupuncture (SA) after surgery. All patients were treated within the ERAS protocol. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the time to first defecation. Secondary outcomes included other patient-reported outcome measures, length of postoperative hospital stay, readmission rate within 30 days, and incidence of postoperative complications and adverse events. RESULTS A total of 249 patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups. After the exclusion of 1 patient because of a diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis, 248 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.2 [11.4] years; 153 men [61.7%]) were included in the analyses. The median (IQR) time to first defecation was 76.4 (67.6-96.8) hours in the EA group and 90.0 (73.6-100.3) hours in the SA group (mean difference, -8.76; 95% CI, -15.80 to -1.73; P = .003). In the EA group compared with the SA group, the time to first flatus (median [IQR], 44.3 [37.0-58.2] hours vs 58.9 [48.2-67.4] hours; P < .001) and the tolerability of semiliquid diet (median [IQR], 105.8 [87.0-120.3] hours vs 116.5 [92.0-137.0] hours; P = .01) and solid food (median [IQR], 181.8 [149.5-211.4] hours vs 190.3 [165.0-228.5] hours; P = .01) were significantly decreased. Prolonged POI occurred in 13 of 125 patients (10%) in the EA group vs 25 of 123 patients (20%) in the SA group (risk ratio [RR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95; P = .03). Other secondary outcomes were not different between groups. There were no severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this randomized clinical trial demonstrated that in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer with the ERAS protocol, EA shortened the duration of POI and decreased the risk for prolonged POI compared with SA. EA may be considered as an adjunct to the ERAS protocol to promote gastrointestinal function recovery and prevent prolonged POI after surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2000038444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yan Yan
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Gang Han
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Pei
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jie Zhao
- Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Kai Li
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Na Yang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiong Wang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chi Yang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Hull R, Lolas G, Makrogkikas S, Jensen LD, Syrigos KN, Evangelou G, Padayachy L, Egbor C, Mehrotra R, Makhafola TJ, Oyomno M, Dlamini Z. Microbiomics in Collusion with the Nervous System in Carcinogenesis: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Treatment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2129. [PMID: 34683450 PMCID: PMC8538279 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the naturally occurring population of microbes on various human diseases has been a topic of much recent interest. Not surprisingly, continuously growing attention is devoted to the existence of a gut brain axis, where the microbiota present in the gut can affect the nervous system through the release of metabolites, stimulation of the immune system, changing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier or activating the vagus nerves. Many of the methods that stimulate the nervous system can also lead to the development of cancer by manipulating pathways associated with the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, neurogenesis or the creation of new nervous tissue, is associated with the development and progression of cancer in a similar manner as the blood and lymphatic systems. Finally, microbes can secrete neurotransmitters, which can stimulate cancer growth and development. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that support the importance of microbiota and peripheral nerves in cancer development and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (R.H.); (G.L.); (L.P.); (C.E.); (R.M.); (T.J.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Georgios Lolas
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (R.H.); (G.L.); (L.P.); (C.E.); (R.M.); (T.J.M.); (M.O.)
- Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.N.S.); (G.E.)
| | | | - Lasse D. Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Konstantinos N. Syrigos
- Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.N.S.); (G.E.)
| | - George Evangelou
- Department of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.N.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Llewellyn Padayachy
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (R.H.); (G.L.); (L.P.); (C.E.); (R.M.); (T.J.M.); (M.O.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Cyril Egbor
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (R.H.); (G.L.); (L.P.); (C.E.); (R.M.); (T.J.M.); (M.O.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (R.H.); (G.L.); (L.P.); (C.E.); (R.M.); (T.J.M.); (M.O.)
- Centre for Health Innovation and Policy (CHIP) Foundation, Noida 201301, India
- Datar Cancer Genetics, Nashik 422010, India
| | - Tshepiso Jan Makhafola
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (R.H.); (G.L.); (L.P.); (C.E.); (R.M.); (T.J.M.); (M.O.)
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Meryl Oyomno
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (R.H.); (G.L.); (L.P.); (C.E.); (R.M.); (T.J.M.); (M.O.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; (R.H.); (G.L.); (L.P.); (C.E.); (R.M.); (T.J.M.); (M.O.)
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Long T, Yue R, Wu T, Xu C, Yang M. The efficacy and safety of acupoint injection for diabetic gastroparesis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23086. [PMID: 33157977 PMCID: PMC7647630 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic gastroparesis (DGP) is one of the common complications of diabetes. Accumulated evidences have shown that acupoint injection is beneficial for the clinical treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. However, there is currently no systematic review to assess this therapy. This program aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this therapy for the patients with DGP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Literature search will be conducted via following electronic bibliographic databases from inception to Aug 2020: the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Wan-Fang Database. All randomized controlled trials published in English or Chinese related to acupoint injection for DGP will be included. The primary outcome is the total effective rate. The secondary outcomes are the change of motilin and gastrin levels before and after the treatment. Two researchers will be responsible for the selection of study, extraction of data, and assessment of study quality independently. RevMan V5.3 Software will be used for assessing the risk of bias and synthesizing data. RESULTS This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of current available evidence for the treatment of DGP with this therapy clinically. CONCLUSION The conclusions of our study will provide new evidence to judge whether acupoint injection is an effective intervention for patients suffered from DGP. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER:: osf.io/ms58j.
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10
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Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Peripheral and Central Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Rats with Depression-Chronic Somatic Pain Comorbidity. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8885729. [PMID: 33144854 PMCID: PMC7599410 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8885729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and pain disorders share a high degree of comorbidity. Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression-chronic somatic pain comorbidity. In this study, we investigated the effects of acupuncture on blood and brain regional tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in rats with depression and chronic somatic pain comorbidity. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups with 10 each: control, model, model treated with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), and model treated with electroacupuncture (EA). Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) was used to produce depression and chronic somatic pain comorbidity in the latter 3 groups. The rats of the taVNS and EA groups received, respectively, taVNS and EA at ST 36 for 28 days. Pain intensity was measured using a mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal stimulation latency once biweekly. Depressive behavior was examined using a sucrose preference test at baseline and the end of modeling and intervention. The level of plasma TNF-α and the expression of TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus were measured. While CUMS plus CCI produced remarkable depression-like behavior and pain disorders, EA and taVNS significantly improved depression and reduced pain intensity. CUMS plus CCI also resulted in a significant increase in plasma TNF-α level and the expression in all brain regions examined compared to the intact controls. Both EA and taVNS interventions, however, suppressed the elevated level of TNF-α. These results suggest that EA and taVNS have antidepressant and analgesic effects. Such effects may be associated with the suppression of TNF-α-related neuroinflammation.
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11
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Jang JH, Yeom MJ, Ahn S, Oh JY, Ji S, Kim TH, Park HJ. Acupuncture inhibits neuroinflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:641-655. [PMID: 32827699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences show that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the gut-brain axis can be promising target for the development of the therapeutic strategies for PD. Acupuncture has been used to improve brain functions and inflammation in neurological disorders such as PD, and to recover the gastrointestinal dysfunctions in various gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, we investigated whether acupuncture could improve Parkinsonism and gut microbial dysbiosis induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. First, we observed that acupuncture treatment at acupoints GB34 and ST36 could improve motor functions and comorbid anxiety in PD mice. Next, we found that acupuncture increased the levels of dopaminergic fibers and neurons in the striatum and the substantia nigra, respectively. Acupuncture also restored the overexpression of microglia and astrocyte as well as conversion of Bax and Bcl-2 expression in both the striatum and the substantia nigra, indicating that inflammatory responses and apoptosis were blocked by acupuncture. Additionally, via 16S rRNA sequence analysis, we observed that the relative abundance of 18 genera were changed in acupuncture-treated mice compared to the PD mice. Of them, Butyricimonas, Holdemania, Frisingicoccus, Gracilibacter, Phocea, and Aestuariispira showed significant correlations with anxiety as well as motor functions. Furthermore, the predicted functional analyses showed that acupuncture restored the physiology functions such as glutathione metabolism, methane metabolism, and PD pathway. In conclusion, we suggest that the effects of acupuncture on the enhanced motor function and the protection of the dopaminergic neurons may be associated with the regulation of the gut microbial dysbiosis and thus the inhibition of the neuroinflammation in the PD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Jang
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Yeom
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Ahn
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Oh
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhwan Ji
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hong Kim
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Integrative Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ma Q, Xing C, Long W, Wang HY, Liu Q, Wang RF. Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:53. [PMID: 30823925 PMCID: PMC6397457 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by both intrinsic and peripheral signals. Previous studies have suggested that environmental factors affect neurological activities under both physiological and pathological conditions. Although there is anatomical separation, emerging evidence has indicated the existence of bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota, i.e., (diverse microorganisms colonizing human intestine), and brain. The cross-talk between gut microbiota and brain may have crucial impact during basic neurogenerative processes, in neurodegenerative disorders and tumors of CNS. In this review, we discuss the biological interplay between gut-brain axis, and further explore how this communication may be dysregulated in neurological diseases. Further, we highlight new insights in modification of gut microbiota composition, which may emerge as a promising therapeutic approach to treat CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianquan Ma
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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13
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Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Accelerates the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function after Cesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7341920. [PMID: 30538764 PMCID: PMC6257894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7341920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal functional recovery is an important factor affecting postoperative outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on gastrointestinal function in women undergoing cesarean section. Methods 150 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section were randomly allocated into TEAS, nonacupoint stimulation (sham group), and no stimulation (control group). The primary outcome was indications of gastrointestinal functional recovery and the secondary outcomes included time to first mobilization, postoperative hospital stay, daily living activities at one week after surgery, postoperative side-effects, and serum levels of gastroenterological hormones. Results The time to first flatus in TEAS group was significantly shorter compared to control (P=0.004) and sham groups (P=0.003). The time to first oral liquid and solid intake was significantly shorter than that in control (P<0.001; P=0.021) and sham group (P=0.019; P=0.037). Besides, postoperative hospital stay was shorter in TEAS group than in control group (P=0.031) and sham group (P<0.001). TEAS also promoted daily living activities (P=0.001 versus control group and P=0.015 versus sham group). Postoperative complications were similar among all the groups except for the incidence of abdominal distention 24 h after surgery (P=0.013; P=0.040). The motilin level was increased by TEAS (P=0.014 versus control group and P=0.020 versus sham group). Conclusion TEAS accelerated gastrointestinal functional recovery after cesarean section, by reducing postoperative hospital length, and improved daily living activities after surgery. This effect was partially mediated by regulation of the gastroenterological hormones.
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14
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You X, Wang Y, Wu J, Liu Q, Liu Y, Qian Y, Chen J, Tang D, Wang D. Zusanli (ST36) Acupoint Injection with Neostigmine for Paralytic Postoperative Ileus following Radical Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: a Randomized Clinical Trial. J Cancer 2018; 9:2266-2274. [PMID: 30026821 PMCID: PMC6036725 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Zusanli (ST36) acupoint has been associated with treatment of various gastrointestinal conditions. There have been no studies of acupuncture therapy for paralytic postoperative ileus (PPOI). Materials and methods: Patients with PPOI following gastrectomy for gastric cancer were randomized to receive ST36 acupoint injection with neostigmine, gluteal intramuscular injection with 1.0 mg neostigmine, ST36 acupuncture alone, or standard therapy. The main outcome was the effectiveness rate for recovery of peristalsis. Secondary outcomes were time to bowel sound recovery, time to first flatus, and time to first defecation. Tertiary outcomes were drug-related adverse events, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, tearing, delirium, seizure, and anxiety. Results: ST36 acupoint injection with neostigmine and gluteal intramuscular injection of neostigmine gave a higher rate of peristalsis recovery, and the ST36 acupoint injection group showed significantly higher total effectiveness rate than that of the intramuscular injection group. These interventions gave significantly shorter times to bowel sound recovery, shorter times to first flatus and first defecation compared with ST36 acupuncture and standard post-operative therapy (P < 0.01). ST36 acupoint injection group gave shorter time to bowel sound recovery, shorter time to first flatus and first defecation than those of the intramuscular injection group (P < 0.01). Drug-related adverse events in the intramuscular injection group were more serious than in the ST36 acupoint injection group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ST36 acupoint injection with neostigmine is safe and effective for treatment of PPOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan You
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University. Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou people's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanjie Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou people's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou people's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou people's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University. Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yayun Qian
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University. Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jue Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University. Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Wang H, Liu Z, Liu Y, Tong Z, Qian Y, Chen L, Jiang B, Lin M, Yang T, Gao L, Chen M, Litscher D, Wang L, Litscher G. Heart Protective Effects of Electroacupuncture in an Animal Experimental Study with Delayed Fluid Resuscitation after Hemorrhagic Shock. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:2513791. [PMID: 29805466 PMCID: PMC5901936 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2513791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluid resuscitation could hardly be performed immediately after fatal hemorrhagic shock in outpatients. We investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) could prevent fatal hemorrhagic shock induced heart failure with delayed fluid resuscitation and whether the protective role of EA is related to the autonomic nervous system. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12 each): group of sham hemorrhagic shock (SHAM), group of EA, group of sham EA (SEA), group of delayed fluid resuscitation with EA (EA + DR), and group of delayed fluid resuscitation with SEA (SEA + DR). After blood loss for 6 hours, caspase-3 activity and positive rate of TUNEL in EA + DR group were significantly lower than in other hemorrhagic shock groups (e.g., versus SEA + DR: 0.156 ± 0.039 versus 0.301 ± 0.042; P < 0.05). Immediately EA treatment after the blood loss enhanced the protective effect of delayed resuscitation on the cardiac tissue of hemorrhagic shock rats. Considering the significant changes of epinephrine (137.8 ± 6.9 ng/L versus 98.6 ± 7.4 ng/L; P < 0.05) and acetylcholine (405 ± 8.6 pmol/L versus 341 ± 10.1 pmol/L; P < 0.05) after EA treatment (SEA + DR versus EA + DR), this cardiac protective effect may be related to regulation of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- TCM Research Center Graz, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuanshi Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhanqi Tong
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingxiong Lin
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Daniela Litscher
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- TCM Research Center Graz, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- TCM Research Center Graz, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Department of TCM and Acupuncture, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- TCM Research Center Graz, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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16
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Bonaz B, Bazin T, Pellissier S. The Vagus Nerve at the Interface of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:49. [PMID: 29467611 PMCID: PMC5808284 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota, the gut, and the brain communicate through the microbiota-gut-brain axis in a bidirectional way that involves the autonomic nervous system. The vagus nerve (VN), the principal component of the parasympathetic nervous system, is a mixed nerve composed of 80% afferent and 20% efferent fibers. The VN, because of its role in interoceptive awareness, is able to sense the microbiota metabolites through its afferents, to transfer this gut information to the central nervous system where it is integrated in the central autonomic network, and then to generate an adapted or inappropriate response. A cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been described through VN's fibers, which is able to dampen peripheral inflammation and to decrease intestinal permeability, thus very probably modulating microbiota composition. Stress inhibits the VN and has deleterious effects on the gastrointestinal tract and on the microbiota, and is involved in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which are both characterized by a dysbiosis. A low vagal tone has been described in IBD and IBS patients thus favoring peripheral inflammation. Targeting the VN, for example through VN stimulation which has anti-inflammatory properties, would be of interest to restore homeostasis in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bonaz
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Grenoble Alpes, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Bazin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Bordeaux Hospital University Center, Pessac, France
| | - Sonia Pellissier
- LIP/PC2S, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France
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17
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Role of Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway in Treatment of Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Electroacupuncture at Zusanli. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6471984. [PMID: 29333186 PMCID: PMC5733189 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6471984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli is a widely used method for the treatment of intestinal ischemic disease. The current study attempts to investigate the possible mechanism from the point of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) in rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups: control group, I/R group, EA group (I/R + EA), PNU group (I/R + α7 nAChR agonist), and α-BGT group (I/R + EA + α7 nAChR antagonist). EA and medicine injection were performed immediately after ischemia. After 2 h of reperfusion, blood and intestine samples were collected and intestinal histopathological score, mRNA expression of mucosal α7 nAChR and NF-κBp65, and serum cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α) were examined. Compared with the I/R group, the EA group and PNU group could significantly attenuate the mucosal damage, promote α7 nAChR mRNA expression, and reduce levels of NF-κBp65, IL-6, and TNF-α. Compared with the EA group, α7 nAChR mRNA was decreased, while concentrations of NF-κBp65, IL-6, and TNF-α increased in the α-BGT group. EA at Zusanli could inhibit NF-κBp65 and proinflammatory cytokines production after intestinal I/R injury; its mechanism may be related to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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18
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Litscher G. Sino-Austrian High-Tech Acupuncture Network-Annual Report 2015. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:13. [PMID: 28930229 PMCID: PMC5597080 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Sino-Austrian High-Tech Acupuncture Research Network was founded in 2005 and has been growing ever since. The network comprises many partners from China and is highly involved in research and education activities. This report introduces the network's activities in the year 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, and TCM Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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19
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Fang JF, Fang JQ, Shao XM, Du JY, Liang Y, Wang W, Liu Z. Electroacupuncture treatment partly promotes the recovery time of postoperative ileus by activating the vagus nerve but not regulating local inflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39801. [PMID: 28051128 PMCID: PMC5209726 DOI: 10.1038/srep39801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative ileus (POI) after abdominal surgery significantly lowers the life quality of patients and increase hospital costs. However, few treatment strategies have successfully shortened the duration of POI. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a modern way of administering acupuncture and widely used in various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in the world. Here, we studied the effect of EA on POI and its underlying mechanisms. Intestinal manipulation resulted in significant delays of GI transit, colonic transit and gastric emptying. Surgery also up-regulated c-fos in nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and induced inflammation response in the small intestine. Further, operation and inhale anesthesia inhibited NTS neuron excitation duration for the whole observation time. EA administered at ST36 indeed shortened the recovery time of GI and colonic transit, and significantly increased the gastric emptying. EA also significantly activated the NTS neurons after operation. However, there was no anti-inflammation effect of EA during the whole experiment. Finally, atropine blocked the regulatory effect of EA on GI function, when it was injected after surgery, but not before surgery. Thus, the regulatory effect of EA on POI was mainly mediated by exciting NTS neurons to improve the GI tract transit function but not by activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology &Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology &Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology &Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Department of Neurobiology &Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology &Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Neurobiology &Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Neurobiology &Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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He S, Liu F, Xu L, Yin P, Li D, Mei C, Jiang L, Ma Y, Xu J. Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid against Heat Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145236. [PMID: 26894689 PMCID: PMC4760716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is important in the pathogenesis of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic acid widely found in fruits and vegetables, can scavenge free radicals and activate cell stress responses. This study is aimed at investigating protective effects of FA on heat stress-induced dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier in vitro and in vivo. Intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells were pretreated with FA for 4 h and then exposed to heat stress. Heat stress caused decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and increased permeability to 4-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (FD4). Both effects were inhibited by FA in a dose-dependent manner. FA significantly attenuated the decrease in occludin, ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression observed with heat stress. The distortion and redistribution of occludin, ZO-1 and E-cadherin proteins were also effectively prevented by FA pretreatment. Moreover, heat stress diminished electron-dense material detected in tight junctions (TJs), an effect also alleviated by FA in a dose-dependent manner. In an in vivo heat stress model, FA (50 mg/kg) was administered to male Sprague–Dawley rats for 7 consecutive days prior to exposure to heat stress. FA pretreatment significantly attenuated the effects of heat stress on the small intestine, including the increased FD4 permeability, disrupted tight junctions and microvilli structure, and reduced occludin, ZO-1 and E-cadherin expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FA pretreatment is potentially protective against heat stress-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha He
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yin
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Deyin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Mei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture (BUA), Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LJ); (YM); (JX)
| | - Yunfei Ma
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LJ); (YM); (JX)
| | - Jianqin Xu
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LJ); (YM); (JX)
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