• antibacterial
• bioactive glass
• biopolymer
• drug release
• surgical site infection

• Sutures
• Mucins/chemistry
• Mucins/pharmacology
• Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry
• Coated Materials, Biocompatible/pharmacology
• Animals
• Materials Testing
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
• Swine
• Surface Properties
• Humans
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests
• Particle Size

• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
• China Scholarship Council

Sutures have been used to repair wounds since ancient times. However, the basic suture technique has not significantly changed. In Phase I of our project, we proposed a “double diabolo” suture design, using a theoretical physical study to show that this suture receives 50% less tension than conventional sutures, and so a correspondingly greater force must be applied to break it.

To determine whether these theoretical levels of resistance were met by the new type of suture.

An observational study was performed to compare three types of sutures, using a device that exerted force on the suture until the breaking point was reached. The tension produced by this traction was measured. The following variables were considered: Tearing stress on entry/exit points, edge separation stress, and suture break stress. The study sample consisted of 30 sutures with simple interrupted stitches (Group 1), 30 with continuous stitches (Group 2), and 30 with the “double diabolo” design (Group 3).

The mean degree of force required to reach the breaking point for each of these variables (tearing, separation, and final breaking) was highest in Group 3 (14.56, 18.28, and 21.39 kg), followed by Group 1 (7.36, 10.38, and 12.81 kg) and Group 2 (5.77, 7.7, and 8.71 kg). These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001) in all cases.

The experimental results show that with the “double diabolo” suture, compared with conventional sutures, greater force must be applied to reach the breaking point (almost twice as much as in the simple interrupted suture and more than double that required for the continuous suture). If these results are confirmed in Phase III (the clinical phase) of our study, we believe the double diabolo technique should be adopted as the standard approach, especially when the suture must withstand significant tension (e.g., laparotomy closure, thoracotomy closure, diaphragm suture, or hernial orifice closure).

• Suture
• Technique
• Physical principles
• Tension

• anti-inflammatory
• anti-microbial
• drug delivery
• suture
• wound healing

Adequate closure of the surgical wound is one of the most important aspects of surgery; improper suturing techniques or improper suturing materials sometimes compromise the success of surgery. Many synthetic materials have replaced the natural materials, which were once used for suturing in the ancient era, and Murva is one of them. There are references of Murva (Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. and Schult.f.) at various contexts of “Sushruta Samhita” where it has been used as a suture material. It is a xerophytic herbaceous plant occurring abundantly in the eastern coastal region of India. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Murva fibers as a suturing material in closure of intraoral incision in third molar surgeries.

Fifty incisions (Wards incision) placed for the surgical removal of mandibular third molar were sutured with Murva, and follow-up was carried out postoperatively on 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 7^th day. Patients were evaluated for pain, swelling, bleeding, infection, wound dehiscence, local tissue irritation, and bacterial colonization.

On various follow-ups, progressively significant and predictable healing was observed without any uneventful evidence.

The use of Murva as a suture material proved to be effective in closure of intraoral incisions.

• Antibacterial suture
• Murva
• natural suture material
• third molar

• Bone Screws
• Humans
• Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures/instrumentation
• Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures/methods
• Prosthesis Design

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of low viscosity chitosan on S. epidermidis growth and biofilm formation. Methods and Results. The antibacterial and antibiofilm properties were investigated, during both planktonic growth and biofilm formation. This was performed using different concentrations in media and by coating on polystyrene surfaces. In addition, the bactericidal effect was investigated using a modified direct contact test. The results showed that low viscosity chitosan in media had both a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on planktonic growth and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis in a concentration dependent manner. Polystyrene discs coated with chitosan reduced both early biofilm formation (6 h) and late biofilm formation (18 h), as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The modified direct contact test showed a bactericidal effect. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that low viscosity chitosan has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against S. epidermidis and that the activity is dependent on the amount of chitosan added. In addition, low viscosity chitosan reduced biofilm formation both when added to media and when coated on polystyrene surfaces. Significance and Impact of Study. Low viscosity chitosan could be a contribution to new treatment approaches of biofilm-related infections of S. epidermidis.

• 3T3 Cells
• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
• Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
• Coated Materials, Biocompatible
• Colony Count, Microbial
• Escherichia coli/drug effects
• Escherichia coli/isolation & purification
• Metal Nanoparticles
• Mice
• Silk
• Silver/chemistry
• Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
• Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
• Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control
• Sutures/adverse effects
• Tensile Strength