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Xue JS, Maimaitiming N, Zhang BL, Xu BW, Yin X, Huang Z, Che X, Zhao H, Cai JQ. Prognostic analysis of patients with CRLM based on CRS score: a single-center retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2025; 25:718. [PMID: 40247181 PMCID: PMC12004860 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-025-14135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve prognosis of patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), we constructed a nomogram model to improve outcome through risk stratification and decision support. METHODS The 389 CRLM patients (273 training set and 116 validation set at a ratio of 7: 3) receiving systematic chemotherapy and synchronously resection with/without radiofrequency ablation (RFA) were retrospectively investigated. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) were mainly endpoint. A normo-gram model was conduct. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), C-index and calibration curve were performed to assess stablity and efficacy of model. The prognosis was evaluated based on Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve. RESULTS A total of 389 CRLM patients were included. The median OS and RFS times were 70.20 months (95% CIs: 57.73, 82.68) and 11.70 months (95% CIs: 9.75, 13.65), respectively. These patients were divided into training set and validation set at a ratio of 7: 3. In training set, 1, 3, and 5-year survival rate of OS was 97.38%, 71.18%, and 54.56% as well as RFS was 52.57%, 22.65%, and 21.12%, respectively. Cox model showed that hospital day, R0 resection, RFA, only neoadjuvant chemotherapy and CRS score were independent prognostic factors for CRLM patients. The patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group based on cut-off value of score calculated by model. The KM curves were statistically different between two groups (P < 0.01). The ROC curve, DCA and calibration curve showed a good prediction efficacy. the C-index of OS and RFS were 0.72 and 0.68, respectively, which were also verified in the validation set (OS, 0.71; RFS, 0.65). CONCLUSIONS A good prediction model was developed and validated to assess the prognoses of CRLM patients. Systematic chemotherapy and R0 resection could benefit patients' survival and improve prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Shuai Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Nuersimanguli Maimaitiming
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo-Lun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo-Wen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xu Che
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Center, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Min Y, Tong K, Lin H, Wang D, Guo W, Li S, Zhang Z. Ablative Treatments and Surgery for Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Network Meta-Analysis. J Surg Res 2024; 303:587-599. [PMID: 39437598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), cryoablation, and liver resection (LR), with the aim of evaluating treatment plans for early-stage HCC. METHODS Studies in PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases from April 1, 2004, to April 1, 2024, were searched. Articles were evaluated for quality using the randomized controlled trials tool. Two tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data obtained from the literature were netted using Stata 15.0 and r 4.2.3. The assessed primary outcomes were OS and DFS at 1 and 3 y. RESULTS A total of 25 publications with 4548 patients were included, including 13 studies in mainland China and 12 in other regions. For 1-y DFS, the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.54 (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.38-0.76) for LR compared with RFA and 0.57 (95% CrI: 0.3--0.82) for LR compared with MWA. For 3-y DFS, the HR was 0.52 (95% CrI: 0.38-0.72) for LR compared with RFA and 0.53 (95% CrI: 0.37-0.76). In the Chinese mainland, LR may have a better 1- and 3-y DFS than MWA, but similar survival to RFA. In the other regions, LR had a better DFS than MWA and RFA patients. The rest of the comparisons were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS For early-stage HCC, LR may be more effective in reducing tumor recurrence than ablative treatments. Cryoablation may be a potential treatment for HCC. The differences in treatment effectiveness in different regions are worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Min
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Kuinan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Huajun Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Shun Li
- Clinical Epidemiology and EBM Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China; State Key Lab of Digestive Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, China.
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Gani RA, Teressa M, Budiman RA, Kalista KF, Lesmana CRA. Meta analysis of radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection in small and large nodule of hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:1216-1228. [PMID: 39060212 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although studies have indicated comparable outcomes between RFA and surgical resection in early HCC, there is still unclear evidence of benefit in larger tumor sizes. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of RFA versus surgical resection in HCC patients, considering nodule size with a cutoff at 3 cm. METHODS A comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. RESULT Surgical resection showed superior OS (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.27, p = 0.008) and RFS (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11-1.25, p < 0.00001), compared to RFA. For nodules less than 3 cm or larger than 5 cm, the OS and RFS in the surgical resection group were significantly higher than those in the RFA group, while no significant differences were observed for nodules sized 3-5 cm. However, significantly more adverse events occurred following surgical resection (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33-0.56, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Surgical resection has better OS and RFS compared to RFA for liver tumors less than 3 cm or larger than 5 cm. For liver tumors sized 3-5 cm, RFA and surgical resection yield similar findings. RFA may become a preferable option in these 3-5 cm tumors due to its comparable efficacy and fewer adverse events for patients unsuitable for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino A Gani
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Maria Teressa
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Refael A Budiman
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kemal F Kalista
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cosmas Rinaldi A Lesmana
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Wu J, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Deng X, Zheng S, He S, Huang G, Hu B, Shi M, Liao W, Huang N. Radiofrequency ablation: mechanisms and clinical applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e746. [PMID: 39359691 PMCID: PMC11445673 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a form of thermal ablation, employs localized heat to induce protein denaturation in tissue cells, resulting in cell death. It has emerged as a viable treatment option for patients who are ineligible for surgery in various diseases, particularly liver cancer and other tumor-related conditions. In addition to directly eliminating tumor cells, RFA also induces alterations in the infiltrating cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which can significantly impact treatment outcomes. Moreover, incomplete RFA (iRFA) may lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The current challenge is to enhance the efficacy of RFA by elucidating its underlying mechanisms. This review discusses the clinical applications of RFA in treating various diseases and the mechanisms that contribute to the survival and invasion of tumor cells following iRFA, including the roles of heat shock proteins, hypoxia, and autophagy. Additionally, we analyze the changes occurring in infiltrating cells within the TME after iRFA. Finally, we provide a comprehensive summary of clinical trials involving RFA in conjunction with other treatment modalities in the field of cancer therapy, aiming to offer novel insights and references for improving the effectiveness of RFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuanwen Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xinyue Deng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Siting Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shangwen He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineChronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Genjie Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Binghui Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Zhang X, Zhu HY, Yuan M. Efficacy and safety of B-ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of primary liver cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:2986-2995. [PMID: 39351568 PMCID: PMC11438792 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i9.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world. Traditional treatment methods have limitations in terms of efficacy and safety. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) guided by B-ultrasound, as a minimally invasive treatment, has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of primary liver cancer in recent years. AIM To study the efficacy and safety of RFA were compared with those of traditional surgery (TS) for treating small liver cancer. METHODS At least 2 people were required to search domestic and foreign public databases, including foreign databases such as EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, China Biomedical Literature database, Wanfang database and VIP database. Controlled trials of RFA vs conventional surgery for small liver cancer were retrieved from January 2008 to January 2023. They were screened and evaluated according to the quality evaluation criteria in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were included in this study, including 1503 patients in the RFA group and 1657 patients in the surgery group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 1-year overall survival between the two groups (P > 0.05), while the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates and 1-year, 3-year and 5-year tumor-free survival rates in the surgery group were greater than those in the RFA group (P < 0.05). In terms of complications, the incidence of complications in the RFA group was lower than that in the surgery group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In terms of long-term survival, TS is better than RFA for small liver cancer patients. However, RFA has fewer complications and is safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Guizhou Nursing Vocational College, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zhu
- Department of Nursing, Guizhou Nursing Vocational College, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
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Jing C, Li J, Yuan C, Hu C, Ma L, Zheng J, Zhang Y. Therapeutic analysis of 632 cases treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study. Eur J Radiol 2024; 178:111619. [PMID: 39024666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyze the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation (CA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 632 patients with HCC at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging (BCLC) System stages 0, A, and B from Beijing You'an Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University. The primary outcomes analyzed were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), while the secondary outcomes included one-, three-, and five-year OS rates among different groups. RESULTS The median follow-up period for 632 cases identified with HCC was 52.1 months (range: 3-162 months), while 127 patients died during follow-up. The one-, three-, and five-year OS rates were 97.1 %, 89.5 %, and 80.4 %, respectively. Moreover, the one-, three-, and five-year PFS rates were 58.1 %, 29.3 %, and 19.8 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the BCLC stages and complete ablation were independent predictors of OS and PFS (all p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed no difference in OS rate among TACE-RFA, TACE-MWA, and TACE-CA groups, but TACE-CA showed better efficacy in improving the PFS rate (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination of TACE and ablation is effective in early-stage HCC and BCLC stage B. Complete ablation and BCLC stages are significant prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Jing
- Hepatic Disease and Tumor Interventional Treatment Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Hepatic Disease and Tumor Interventional Treatment Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunwang Yuan
- Hepatic Disease and Tumor Interventional Treatment Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Hu
- Hepatic Disease and Tumor Interventional Treatment Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- Hepatic Disease and Tumor Interventional Treatment Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Zheng
- Hepatic Disease and Tumor Interventional Treatment Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Hepatic Disease and Tumor Interventional Treatment Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.
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Hu L, Lin J, Wang A, Shi X, Qiao Y. Comparison of liver resection and radiofrequency ablation in long-term survival among patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized trials and high-quality propensity score-matched studies. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:56. [PMID: 38369480 PMCID: PMC10875898 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and liver resection (LR) are comparable treatments for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. We conducted this study to provide ample clinical evidence for the argument. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity score-matched (PSM) studies that compared long-term outcomes of both RFA and LR for patients with early-stage HCC. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated. RESULTS Thirty-six studies consisting of six RCTs and 30 PSM studies were included in this study, and a total of 7384 patients were involved, with 3694 patients being treated with LR and 3690 patients with RFA. Meta-analysis showed that LR provided better OS and DFS than RFA (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13-1.31; HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.39-1.74, respectively). A sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were stable. For the subgroup of patients with BCLC 0 stage, RFA and LR resulted in similar OS and DFS. For the subgroup of patients with single tumor sizes less than 3 cm, RFA reached similar OS (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.90-1.58) but worse DFS compared with LR (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11-1.90). For the subgroup of ablation margin larger than 0.5 cm, LR still resulted in better OS than RFA (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09-1.53); while the ablation margin was larger than 1 cm, both RFA and LR resulted in similar OS. The modality of RFA was also a factor that affected results. Subgroup analysis showed that patients receiving ultrasound-guided RFA had worse OS and DFS than LR (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14-1.36; HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.25-1.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis showed that LR provided better OS and DFS for patients with early-stage HCC. However, RFA and LR had similar effects on long-term survival in patients with BCLC 0 stage HCC. RFA and LR probably had similar effects on OS in patients with solitary HCC less than 3 cm or when the ablation margin was larger than 1 cm which need more studies to confirm. The effects of different modalities of RFA on long-term survival are needed for further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Hu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Enze Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangying Lin
- Department of Blood Purification, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aidong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Enze Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingpeng Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Enze Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingli Qiao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Enze Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Chiang J, Rajendran PS, Hao F, Sayre J, Raman SS, Lu DSK, McWilliams JP. Combination transarterial chemoembolization and microwave ablation vs. microwave ablation monotherapy for hepatocellular carcinomas greater than 3 cm: a comparative study. Diagn Interv Radiol 2023; 29:805-812. [PMID: 37665139 PMCID: PMC10679555 DOI: 10.4274/dir.2023.232159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy using transarterial chemoembolization with microwave ablation (MWA) therapy vs. MWA monotherapy for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) >3 cm in size. METHODS This two-arm retrospective observational study included patients with HCCs >3 cm who underwent either combination therapy (29 patients) or MWA monotherapy (35 patients) between 2014 and 2020. The treatment outcomes related to primary treatment efficacy, local tumor progression (LTP), tumor control rate, and overall survival were compared between each cohort. RESULTS The technical success and primary efficacy were 96.56% and 100.00% in the combination therapy cohort, and 91.42% and 100.00% in the MWA cohort, respectively, over a mean follow-up period of 27.6 months. The 1- and 3-year rates of LTP-free survival were 78.57% and 69.56% in the combination therapy cohort, vs. 72.45% and 35.44% in the MWA cohort, respectively (P = 0.001). The overall progression-free survival was longer in the combination therapy cohort compared with the MWA cohort (median: 56.0 vs. 13.0 months; P = 0.017). With the incorporation of additional locoregional therapy, the overall survival rates were not significantly different, with 1- and 3-year overall survival rates of 100.00% and 88.71% in the combination therapy cohort and rates of 90.15% and 82.76% in the MWA cohort, respectively (P = 0.235). CONCLUSION The combination therapy provided significantly longer upfront LTP-free survival in HCCs >3 cm when compared with the MWA treatment alone, albeit with similar local tumor control and overall survival rates when accounting for additional locoregional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chiang
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pradeep S. Rajendran
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frank Hao
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James Sayre
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven S. Raman
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David S. K. Lu
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Justin P. McWilliams
- Department of Radiology, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wicks JS, Dale BS, Ruffolo L, Pack LJ, Dunne R, Laryea MA, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Sharma AK. Comparable and Complimentary Modalities for Treatment of Small-Sized HCC: Surgical Resection, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Microwave Ablation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5006. [PMID: 37568408 PMCID: PMC10419984 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, there has been continual improvement in both ablative and surgical technologies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The efficacy of ablative therapy compared to surgical resection for HCC has not been thoroughly evaluated using multiple large-scale randomized controlled trials. By international consensus, if a patient is eligible, surgery is the primary curative treatment option, as it is believed to confer superior oncologic control. OBJECTIVE to determine the efficacies of percutaneous ablative therapies and surgical resection (SR) in the treatment of HCC. Data sources, study appraisal, and synthesis methods: A meta-analysis using 5 online databases dating back to 1989 with more than 31,000 patients analyzing patient and tumor characteristics, median follow-up, overall survival, and complication rate was performed. RESULTS Ablative therapies are suitable alternatives to surgical resection in terms of survival and complication rates for comparable patient populations. For the entire length of the study from 1989-2019, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) produced the highest 5-year survival rates (59.6%), followed by microwave ablation (MWA) (50.7%) and surgical resection (SR) (49.9%). In the most recent era from 2006 to 2019, surgical resection has produced the highest 5-year survival rate of 72.8%, followed by RFA at 61.7% and MWA at 50.6%. Conclusions and key findings: Depending on the disease state and comorbidities of the patient, one modality may offer superior overall survival rates over the other available techniques. Interventional ablative methods and surgical resection should be used in conjunction for the successful treatment of small-sized HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Wicks
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Benjamin S. Dale
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (B.S.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Luis Ruffolo
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (B.S.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Ludia J. Pack
- Department of Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Richard Dunne
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Marie A. Laryea
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Jia Z, Zhang H, Li N. Evaluation of clinical outcomes of radiofrequency ablation and surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma conforming to the Milan criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis of recent randomized controlled trials. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1769-1777. [PMID: 33569810 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The few systematic reviews that have compared surgical resection (SR) with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) indicated that hepatectomy was superior to RFA in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) irrespective of overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are scarce; therefore, there is a lack of robust evidence on the optimal first-line treatment for HCC patients. The purpose of this study was to include all current RCT studies to compare the clinical efficacy between RFA and SR in patients with HCC who meet the Milan criteria using meta-analysis techniques. METHODS We conducted thorough searches of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Knowledge, FDA.gov, and ClinicalTrials.gov for comparative studies (published between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2019; no language restrictions) of RFA and SR. The main endpoints were OS, DFS, and postoperative complications. Only randomized clinical trials were included. The odds ratios (OR) were pooled and calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for both fixed effects and random effects models. RESULTS Eight studies comparing RFA and SR were identified, which included 1177 patients treated with RFA (n = 571) or SR (n = 606). The OR values for patients treated with RFA and SR at 1, 3, and 5 years were OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.45-1.38; OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.56-1.19; and OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.61-1.73, respectively. The OS between the two treatments was not significantly different. The 1-year DFS rates resulting from the two treatments were not statistically different (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.63-1.21). Similarly, according to long-term DFS rates for SR compared with RFA, although the OR value was less than 1, there was no statistical significance (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.58-1.07). However, it is worth noting that RFA has advantages over SR in terms of treatment-related complications (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44-0.80; P < 0.05), postoperative mortality, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. CONCLUSION For patients with HCC who meet the Milan criteria, RFA exhibited similar clinical efficacy to SR. However, RFA was superior to SR in terms of minor trauma and may be recommended as the first choice for tumors ≤ 4 cm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jia
- Department of General Surgery Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Jin S, Tan S, Peng W, Jiang Y, Luo C. Radiofrequency ablation versus laparoscopic hepatectomy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:199. [PMID: 32787883 PMCID: PMC7425008 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the effects of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the results have remained inconsistent. Hence, a meta-analysis and a systematic review of these treatment modalities are necessary to evaluate their efficacy and safety for HCC treatment. METHODS From the inception of this meta-analysis and review until August 31, 2019, we searched Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database for RCTs involving LH and RFA treatments of patients with HCC. The studies were screened and the data from these articles were extracted independently by two authors. Summary odd ratios (OR) or mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each outcome with a fixed- or random-effect model. The outcomes for effectiveness evaluations included duration of surgery, estimated bleeding volume, incidence of blood transfusion during surgery, duration of hospital stay, and the outcome for safety included the incidence of cancer recurrence. RESULTS Seven RCTs with a total of 615 patients were identified, 312 and 303 of which underwent RFA and LH treatments, respectively. The duration of surgery (MD = -99.04; 95% CI: -131.26--66.82), estimated bleeding volume (MD = -241.97; 95% CI: -386.93--97.02), incidence of blood transfusion during surgery (OR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.37), and duration of hospital stay (MD = -3.4; 95% CI: -5.22--1.57) in RFA treatment were significantly lower than those of LH treatment. However, the incidence of cancer recurrence was significantly higher for RFA treatment compared with LH treatment (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.72-4.18). CONCLUSIONS LH treatment is preferred over RFA treatment with a better radical effect, but RFA treatment is more beneficial with smaller trauma, development of less complications, and shorter operating time when compared with HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Department of oncology, People’s Hospital of Guizhou province, Guiyang City, China
| | - Shisheng Tan
- Department of oncology, People’s Hospital of Guizhou province, Guiyang City, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of oncology, People’s Hospital of Guizhou province, Guiyang City, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of oncology, People’s Hospital of Guizhou province, Guiyang City, China
| | - Chunshan Luo
- Department of orthopedic, Guizhou Orthopedic Hospital, No. 184, Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang City, 550000 Guizhou Province China
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12
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Tsukamoto M, Imai K, Yamashita YI, Kitano Y, Okabe H, Nakagawa S, Nitta H, Chikamoto A, Ishiko T, Baba H. Endoscopic hepatic resection and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation as initial treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria. Surg Today 2019; 50:402-412. [PMID: 31680205 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES The indication of endoscopic (laparoscopic and thoracoscopic) hepatic resection (HR) has been expanded in the past decade because of its low invasiveness. However, the indications of endoscopic HR and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have not yet been determined. METHODS Among the 906 patients hospitalized for the initial treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 2000 and 2017, 77 underwent endoscopic partial HR (E-pHR), and 94 underwent endoscopic RFA (E-RFA). We compared the short- and long-term outcomes between the E-pHR and E-RFA groups. RESULTS The patients in the E-RFA group were characterized primarily by an impaired liver function. Among the patients with liver damage B or C, the overall survival (OS) in the E-pHR group was significantly worse than in the E-RFA group (3-year OS: 36% vs. 82%, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION E-RFA may be recommended for the initial treatment of HCC in patients with a severely impaired liver function. However, E-pHR should be avoided as the initial treatment of HCC in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Tsukamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Okabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nitta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Ishiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Wege H, Li J, Ittrich H. Treatment Lines in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Visc Med 2019; 35:266-272. [PMID: 31602390 DOI: 10.1159/000501749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer and the second most lethal malignancy worldwide. In the Western world, HCC predominantly develops in patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, application of locoregional interventions and systemic agents should be based on an interdisciplinary evaluation, most importantly, taking the functional liver reserve into account. This review summarizes current treatment lines and novel strategies in the management of HCC. For the most part, randomized controlled trials and large meta-analyses are reported, with an emphasis on systemic therapies. Summary In patients with limited hepatic disease and sufficient liver function, resection and local ablation are the most frequently employed curative locoregional therapies. Due to recurrence rates of up to 70% within 5 years and in patients with compromised liver function not amenable to these local modalities, liver transplantation remains superior in terms of tumor control and long-term survival. However, its applicability is limited because of the increasing gap between available donor organs and patients on the waiting list. Transarterial chemoembolization is commonly employed to bridge patients to transplantation and also serves as standard of care for patients not suitable for other local therapies. Recently, various phase 3 trials have reported a clinical benefit for the tyrosine kinase inhibitors lenvatinib, regorafenib, and cabozantinib in HCC. In addition, ramucirumab, an angiostatic antibody, also improves survival in second-line systemic therapy. This opens new avenues in the sequential application of treatment lines, and thus early response assessment is necessary to fully utilize the clinical impact of locoregional therapies and systemic therapies and to shift patients to further treatment lines before hepatic deterioration. Key Messages Clinical decision-making in hepatocellular carcinoma is based on an interdisciplinary evaluation. Liver transplantation should always be considered as long-term curative treatment option, especially in T2 patients. In palliative treatment, early response assessment is required to advance patients to the next treatment line before decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Wege
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ittrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Tan HY, Gong JF, Yu F, Tang WH, Yang K. Long-Term Efficacy of Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation in Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2019; 29:770-779. [PMID: 30801203 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2018.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Fei Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tian G, Yang S, Yuan J, Threapleton D, Zhao Q, Chen F, Cao H, Jiang T, Li L. Comparative efficacy of treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021269. [PMID: 30341113 PMCID: PMC6196801 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. We conducted network meta-regression within a Bayesian framework to compare and rank different treatment strategies for HCC through direct and indirect evidence from international studies. METHODS AND ANALYSES We pooled the OR for 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival, based on lesions of size ˂ 3 cm, 3-5 cm and ≤5 cm, using five therapeutic options including resection (RES), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) plus RFA (TR) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). RESULTS We identified 74 studies, including 26 944 patients. After adjustment for study design, and in the full sample of studies, the treatments were ranked in order of greatest to least benefit as follows for 5 year survival: (1) RES, (2) TR, (3) RFA, (4) MWA and (5) PEI. The ranks were similar for 1- and 3-year survival, with RES and TR being the highest ranking treatments. In both smaller (<3 cm) and larger tumours (3-5 cm), RES and TR were also the two highest ranking treatments. There was little evidence of inconsistency between direct and indirect evidence. CONCLUSION The comparison of different treatment strategies for HCC indicated that RES is associated with longer survival. However, many of the between-treatment comparisons were not statistically significant and, for now, selection of strategies for treatment will depend on patient and disease characteristics. Additionally, much of the evidence was provided by non-randomised studies and knowledge gaps still exist. More head-to-head comparisons between both RES and TR, or other approaches, will be necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shigui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research, Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diane Threapleton
- Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiyu Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian’an Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Zou X, Luo Y, Li Z, Hu Y, Li H, Tang H, Shen Y, Hu D, Kamel IR. Volumetric Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis in Differentiating Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma From Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:975-983. [PMID: 30277628 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate differentiation between intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is needed because treatment and prognosis differ significantly. PURPOSE To explore whether volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis can provide additional value to dynamic enhanced MRI in differentiating IMCC from HCC. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION In all, 131 patients with pathologically proven IMCC (n = 33) or HCC (n = 98). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0T MRI/conventional T1 -weighted imaging (T1 WI), T2 WI, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with b value of 800 sec/mm2 , dynamic enhanced MRI with gadobenate dimeglumine. ASSESSMENT Dynamic enhanced MR images were analyzed by two independent reviewers using a five-point scale to determine the diagnosis. Volumetric ADC assessments were performed independently by two radiologists to obtain different histogram parameters for each lesion. Quantitative histogram parameters were compared between the IMCC group and HCC group. Diagnostic performance of dynamic enhanced MRI, volumetric ADC histogram analysis, and the combination of both were analyzed. STATISTICAL TESTS Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis, independent Student's t-test, or Mann-Whitney U-test, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, and McNemar test. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity for dynamic enhanced MRI to differentiate IMCC from HCC were 82.1% and 82.6%, respectively. For all volumetric ADC histogram parameters, the 75th percentile ADC (ADC75% ) had the highest AUC (0.791) in differentiating IMCC from HCC, with sensitivity and specificity of 69.7% and 77.6%, respectively. When combining dynamic enhanced MRI with ADC75% , the sensitivity and specificity were 82.1% and 91.9%, respectively. Compared to dynamic enhanced MRI alone, the specificity for combined dynamic enhanced MRI and ADC75% was significantly increased (P = 0.008). DATA CONCLUSION Volumetric ADC histogram analysis provides additional value to dynamic enhanced MRI in differentiating IMCC from HCC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:975-983.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlun Zou
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojie Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daoyu Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Wu PH, Borden Z, Brace CL. Ablation zone visualization enhancement by periodic contrast-enhancement computed tomography during microwave ablation. Med Phys 2017; 44:2132-2140. [PMID: 28391605 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intra-procedural contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) has been proposed to monitor the growth of thermal ablations. The primary challenge with multiple CT acquisitions is reducing radiation dose while maintaining sufficient image quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying local highly constrained backprojection reconstruction (HYPR-LR) on periodic CECT images acquired with low-dose protocols, and to determine whether the ablations visible on CT were commensurate to gross pathology. METHODS Low-dose (CTDIvol≤1.49mGy), temporal CECT volumes were acquired during microwave ablation on normal porcine liver. HYPR processing was performed on each volume after image registration. Ablation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were collected to evaluate the degree of enhancement of image quality and ablation zone visualization. Ablation zones were manually segmented on HYPR and non-HYPR images and compared spatially using Dice's coefficient. The dimensions of ablation zones were also compared to gross pathology by correlation and dimensional differences. RESULTS The SNR and CNR of ablation zones were increased after HYPR processing. The manually segmented ablation zone was highly similar to gross pathology with a Dice coefficient of 0.81 ± 0.03, while the low-dose CECT had a smaller Dice coefficient of 0.72 ± 0.05. Both HYPR and low-dose CECT had high correlation to gross pathology (0.99 and 0.94, respectively), but the variance of measurements were lower after HYPR processing compared to unprocessed images. The relative difference in area, length of long axis, and length of short axis for HYPR image were 13.1 ± 5.6%, 9.7 ± 4.2%, and 15.2 ± 2.8%, which were lower than those for low-dose CECT at 37.5 ± 6.0%, 17.7 ± 2.8%, and 28.9 ± 5.4%. CONCLUSION HYPR processing applied to periodic CECT images can enhance ablation zone visualization. HYPR processing may potentially enable CECT in real-time ablation monitoring under strict regulation of radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hung Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zachary Borden
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Christopher L Brace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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18
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Mironov O, Jaberi A, Kachura JR. Thermal Ablation versus Surgical Resection for the Treatment of Stage T1 Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database Population. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017; 28:325-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Casaccia M, Santori G, Bottino G, Diviacco P, Andorno E. Laparoscopic resection vs laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas: A single-center analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:653-660. [PMID: 28216972 PMCID: PMC5292339 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i4.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare survival and recurrence after laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS Between June 1, 2005 and November 30, 2010, 46 patients (62.26 ± 8.55 years old; female/male: 12/34) treated for small HCC were enrolled following strict criteria. Patients with better liver function and larger tumors were referred for LLR (n = 24), while those with poorer liver function and multiple tumors were referred for LRFA (n = 22), and they were then followed for similar durations (44.74 ± 21.3 mo for LLR vs 40.27 ± 30.8 mo for LRFA).
RESULTS The LLR and LRFA groups were homogeneous with regard to age, sex, etiology of liver cirrhosis, and AFP levels. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) probability was 0.354 and 0.260, respectively. A significantly higher OS was observed in the LLR group (LLR: 0.442; LRFA: 0.261; P = 0.048), whereas no statistical difference was found for DFS (LLR: 0.206; LRFA: 0.286; P = 0.205). In the LRFA group was treated a greater number of nodules (LLR: 1.41 ± 0.77; LRFA: 2.72 ± 1.54; P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis found the number of intraoperative HCC nodules as the unique variable statistically significant for OS (hazard ratio: 2.225; P < 0.001). The rank-hazard plot showed a steeper increase of relative hazard for intraoperative nodules > 2.
CONCLUSION Our preliminary results confirm the superiority of hepatic resection on thermoablation in the treatment of small HCC in selected patients, when both approaches are made laparoscopically. LLR showed better results compared to LRFA in terms of OS. These data need to be confirmed by further studies on a larger number of patients.
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Lai C, Jin RA, Liang X, Cai XJ. Comparison of laparoscopic hepatectomy, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and open hepatectomy in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:236-46. [PMID: 26984844 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Three mainstream techniques--laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH), percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (pRFA), and open hepatectomy (OH)--were compared in this study, in terms of their efficacies in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A comparative study was performed within a total of 94 patients diagnosed with small HCC in our hospital from 2005 to 2010, who underwent LH (28), RFA (33), or OH (33). They had either a single tumor lesion of less than or up to three nodules with diameters of less than each. Outcomes were carefully evaluated throughout a 3-year follow-up interval and statistically interpreted. RESULTS The pRFA group had a significantly lower disease-free survival rate compared with the two surgical groups (P=0.001) and significantly shorter overall survival (P=0.005), while the LH group and the OH group had no difference in survival results. For patients younger than 60 years old, surgical approaches offered a better long-term overall survival prognosis (P=0.008). There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in overall survival for elderly patients (P=0.104). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with small HCC, LH may provide better curative effects than pRFA without increasing complication rates. pRFA leads to faster recurrence than surgical resections. LH has similar therapeutic effects to OH and causes less trauma. For patients younger than 60 years old, LH may be the best curative treatment. Elderly patients may choose either surgery or pRFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Lai
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.,Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ren-an Jin
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiu-jun Cai
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Zhu ZX, Huang JW, Liao MH, Zeng Y. Treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma in China: radiofrequency ablation versus liver resection. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016; 46:1075-1080. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Moussa M, Goldberg SN, Kumar G, Levchenko T, Torchilin V, Ahmed M. Effect of thermal dose on heat shock protein expression after radio-frequency ablation with and without adjuvant nanoparticle chemotherapies. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:829-841. [PMID: 27600101 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2016.1164904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different radio-frequency ablation (RFA) thermal doses on coagulation and heat shock protein (HSP) response with and without adjuvant nanotherapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, Fischer rats were assigned to nine different thermal doses of hepatic RFA (50-90 °C, 2-20 min, three per group) or no treatment (n = 3). Next, five of these RF thermal doses were combined with liposomal-doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox, 1 mg intravenously) in R3230 breast tumours, or no tumour treatment (five per group). Finally, RFA/Lipo-Dox was given without and with an Hsp70 inhibitor, micellar quercetin (Mic-Qu, 0.3 mg intravenously) for two different RFA doses with similar coagulation but differing peri-ablational Hsp70 (RFA/Lipo-Dox at 70 °C × 5 min and 90 °C × 2 min, single tumours, five per group). All animals were sacrificed 24 h post-RFA and gross tissue coagulation and Hsp70 (maximum rim thickness and % cell positivity) were correlated to thermal dose including cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C (CEM43). RESULTS Incremental increases in thermal dose (CEM43) correlated to increasing liver tissue coagulation (R2 = 0.7), but not with peri-ablational Hsp70 expression (R2 = 0.14). Similarly, increasing thermal dose correlated to increasing R3230 tumour coagulation for RF alone and RFA/Lipo-Dox (R2 = 0.7 for both). The addition of Lipo-Dox better correlated to increasing Hsp70 expression compared to RFA alone (RFA: R2 = 0.4, RFA/Lipo-Dox: R2 = 0.7). Finally, addition of Mic-Qu to two thermal doses combined with Lipo-Dox resulted in greater tumour coagulation (p < 0.0003) for RFA at 90 °C × 2 min (i.e. greater baseline Hsp70 expression) than an RFA dose that produced similar coagulation but less HSP expression (p < 0.0004). CONCLUSION Adjuvant intravenous Lipo-Dox increases peri-ablational Hsp70 expression in a thermally dependent manner. Such expression can be exploited to produce greater tumour destruction when adding a second adjuvant nanodrug (Mic-Qu) to suppress peri-ablational HSP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Moussa
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - S Nahum Goldberg
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA.,b Division of Image-Guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology , Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Tatyana Levchenko
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Vladimir Torchilin
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Muneeb Ahmed
- a Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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23
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Poon RTP, Cheung TTT, Kwok PCH, Lee AS, Li TW, Loke KL, Chan SL, Cheung MT, Lai TW, Cheung CC, Cheung FY, Loo CK, But YK, Hsu SJ, Yu SCH, Yau T. Hong Kong consensus recommendations on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Cancer 2015; 4:51-69. [PMID: 26020029 PMCID: PMC4439785 DOI: 10.1159/000367728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is particularly prevalent in Hong Kong because of the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection; HCC is the fourth commonest cancer in men and the seventh commonest in women, and it is the third leading cause of cancer death in Hong Kong. The full spectrum of treatment modalities for HCC is available locally; however, there is currently no local consensus document detailing how these modalities should be used. SUMMARY In a series of meetings held between May and October 2013, a multidisciplinary group of Hong Kong clinicians - liver surgeons, medical oncologists, clinical oncologists, hepatologists, and interventional radiologists - convened to formulate local recommendations on HCC management. These recommendations consolidate the most current evidence pertaining to HCC treatment modalities, together with the latest thinking of practicing clinicians engaged in HCC management, and give detailed guidance on how to deploy these modalities effectively for patients in various disease stages. KEY MESSAGES Distinct from other regional guidelines, these recommendations provide guidance on the use of antiviral therapy to reduce the incidence of HCC in CHB patients with cirrhosis and to reduce recurrence of CHB-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China),*Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon, MBBS, MS, PhD, FRCS (Edin), FRCSEd (General Surgery), FCSHK, FHKAM (General Surgery), Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102, Pokfulam Raod, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR (China), Tel. +852 2255 3025 / 2255 5907, E-Mail
| | - Tom Tan-To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Philip Chong-Hei Kwok
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Ann-Shing Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Tat-Wing Li
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Kwok-Loon Loke
- Department of Radiology and Organ Imaging, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Stephen Lam Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Moon-Tong Cheung
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Tak-Wing Lai
- Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | | | - Foon-Yiu Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Ching-Kong Loo
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Yiu-Kuen But
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Shing-Jih Hsu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Simon Chun-Ho Yu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
| | - Thomas Yau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR (China)
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Lei JY, Wang WT, Yan LN, Wen TF, Li B. Radiofrequency ablation versus surgical resection for small unifocal hepatocellular carcinomas. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e271. [PMID: 25546668 PMCID: PMC4602596 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) less than 5 cm in diameter. A total of 289 patients were diagnosed with a small HCC (a single tumor no larger than 5 cm). Among these patients, 133 underwent hepatic resection, and 156 received RFA. Demographic data, intraoperative data, post-operative recovery data, and the baseline characteristics of the 2 groups of patients were compared. The incidence of post-operative complications; 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates; and tumor recurrence were determined. No statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics were noted between the 2 groups. By contrast, operation time (P = 0.003), intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.000), and the length of post-operative hospital stay (P = 0.000) were significantly lower in the RFA group compared with the surgical resection group. The 2 groups displayed similar post-operative complication rates (12% or 16/133 in the liver resection group vs. 8.3% or 13/156 in the RFA group, P = 0.395). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of the patients in the liver resection group were 88.7%, 78.2%, and 66.2%, respectively, whereas the rates in the RFA group were 90.4%, 76.3%, and 66.0%, respectively (P = 0.722). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year tumor-free survival rates of patients in the resection group were 87.2%, 69.9%, and 58.6%, respectively, whereas the rates in the RFA group were 85.9%, 66.0%, and 54.5%, respectively (P = 0.327). In addition, among HCC patients receiving RFA, patients with tumors no greater than 3 cm in diameter exhibited no significant differences regarding overall survival and tumor-free survival rates compared with patients with tumors 3 to 5 cm in diameter (all P > 0.05). RFA is an effective and safe treatment option for small HCCs and may be a preferred choice for HCC patients with small lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lei
- From the Liver Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xu Q, Kobayashi S, Ye X, Meng X. Comparison of hepatic resection and radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis of 16,103 patients. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7252. [PMID: 25429732 PMCID: PMC4246212 DOI: 10.1038/srep07252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and surgical hepatic resection (HR) in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thirty-one studies were included in the analysis. A total of 16,103 patients were involved: 8,252 treated with RFA and 7,851 with HR. Compared to the RFA group, the 3, 5-year overall and disease-free survival rates in the HR group were significantly higher. On the other hand, complications were significantly fewer and hospital-stay was significantly shorter in the RFA group than in the HR group. In subgroup analyses, the overall and disease-free survival in the HR group were also significantly higher than those in the RFA group for HCCs ≤ 3 cm, whereas there were no significant differences between the two groups for HCCs ≤ 2 cm. Our analysis showed that although HR was associated with higher complication rate and longer hospital-stay, HR is proposed as the first-line treatment rather than RFA for patients with HCCs larger than 2 cm. For patients with HCCs of 2 cm or less, RFA may be an alternative to HR because of their comparable long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- 1] Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center - Institut Mérieux Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] bioMérieux (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xun Ye
- 1] Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center - Institut Mérieux Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] bioMérieux (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- 1] Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center - Institut Mérieux Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China [2] bioMérieux (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Dong W, Zhang T, Wang ZG, Liu H. Clinical outcome of small hepatocellular carcinoma after different treatments: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10174-10182. [PMID: 25110446 PMCID: PMC4123348 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare clinical outcomes between surgical resection (RES) and nonsurgical-RES (nRES) ablation therapies for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for studies of RES and nRES treatments for small HCC between January 2003 and October 2013. The clinical outcome measures evaluated included overall survival rate, disease-free survival rate, adverse events, and local recurrence rate. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CIs were calculated using either the fixed effects model or random effects model. The χ2 and I2 tests were calculated to assess the heterogeneity of the data. Funnel plots were used to assess the risk of publication bias.
RESULTS: Our analysis included 12 studies that consisted of a total of 1952 patients (RES vs nRES), five studies that consisted of 701 patients [radiofrequency ablation (RFA) vs percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI)], and five additional studies [RFA vs RFA + transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)] that all addressed the treatment of small HCC. For cases of RES vs nRES, there was no significant difference in the 1-year (OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.87-1.12, P = 0.85) or 3-year (OR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.84-1.11, P = 0.98) overall survival rate; however, there was a significant increase in the RES group in the 5-year overall survival rate (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.68-0.95, P = 0.01). The 1-year (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.82-1.08, P = 0.37) and 5-year (OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.85-1.14, P = 0.85) disease-free survival rates showed no significant differences between the two groups. The 3-year disease-free survival rate (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.69-0.96; P = 0.02) was higher in the RES group. For cases of RFA vs PEI, our data analysis indicated that RFA treatment was associated with significantly higher 2-year (OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.58-0.99, P = 0.043) and 3-year (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.54-0.98, P = 0.039) overall survival rates; however, there were no significant differences in the 1-year (OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.72-1.17, P = 0.0502) overall survival rate or incidence of adverse events (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 0.76-4.45, P = 0.173). For cases of RFA vs RFA+TACE, there were no significant differences in the 1-year (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 0.88-1.56, P = 0.27) or 3-year (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 0.90-1.73, P = 0.183) overall survival rate; however, the 5-year overall survival rate (OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.51-6.74, P = 0.002) in patients treated by RFA+TACE was higher than that treated by RFA alone.
CONCLUSION: Surgical resection is superior to nonsurgical ablation for the treatment of small HCC. Among the studies analyzed, RFA is the most efficacious single nonsurgical ablation treatment.
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Combining radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection may achieve comparable long-term outcomes in larger hepatocellular carcinoma (3.1-4 cm) and in high-risk locations. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014; 30:396-401. [PMID: 25002377 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is more effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) < 3 cm. Combining percutaneous ethanol injection and RFA for HCC can increase ablation; however, the long-term outcome remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare long-term outcomes between patients with HCC of 2-3 cm versus 3.1-4 cm and in high-risk versus non-high-risk locations after combination therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival and the secondary endpoint was local tumor progression (LTP). Fifty-four consecutive patients with 72 tumors were enrolled. Twenty-two (30.6%) tumors and 60 (83.3%) tumors were of 3.1-4 cm and in high-risk locations, respectively. Primary technique effectiveness was comparable between HCC of 2-3 cm versus 3.1-4 cm (98% vs. 95.5%, p = 0.521), and HCC in non-high risk and high-risk locations (100% vs. 96.7%, p = 1.000). The cumulative survival rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 90.3%, 78.9%, and 60.3%, respectively, in patients with HCC of 2-3 cm; 95.0%, 84.4%, and 69.3% in HCC of 3.1-4.0 cm (p = 0.397); 90.0%, 71.1%, and 71.1% in patients with HCC in non-high-risk locations; and 92.7%, 81.6%, and 65.4% in high-risk locations (p = 0.979). The cumulative LTP rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 10.2%, 32.6%, and 32.6%, respectively, in all HCCs; 12.6%, 33.9%, and 33.9% in HCC of 2-3 cm; 4.8%, 29.5%, and 29.5% in HCC of 3.1-4 cm (p = 0.616); 16.7%, 50.0%, and 50.0% in patients with HCC in non-high-risk locations; and 8.8%, 29.9%, and 29.9% in patients with HCC in high-risk locations (p = 0.283). The cumulative survival and LTP rates were not significantly different among the various subgroups. Combining RFA and percutaneous ethanol injection achieved comparable long-term outcomes in HCCs of 2-3 cm versus 3.1-4.0 cm and in high-risk versus non-high-risk locations. A randomized controlled or cohort studies with larger sample size are warranted.
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