• BP neural network
• cardiorespiratory fitness
• exercise prescription
• experimental validation
• older adults

• Humans
• Aged
• Cardiorespiratory Fitness/physiology
• Male
• Female
• Neural Networks, Computer
• Middle Aged
• Exercise/physiology
• Exercise Therapy/methods
• Prescriptions

• Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

• aerobic
• exercise
• high-density lipoprotein
• middle-age and older individuals

• Humans
• Exercise/physiology
• Middle Aged
• Aged
• Cholesterol, HDL/blood
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Lipoproteins, HDL/blood
• Female
• Male

• Age-related diseases
• Aging
• Anti-aging interventions
• Biogerontology
• Healthspan
• Senescence

• Humans
• Aging/metabolism
• Biomedical Research/trends
• Biomedical Research/history
• Biomedical Research/methods
• Caloric Restriction/methods
• Animals
• Exercise/physiology
• Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
• Senotherapeutics/pharmacology

• P 35382 Austrian Science Fund FWF

• aging
• hormesis
• oxidative stress
• sarcopenia

• Cardiorespiratory fitness
• Combined training
• Meta-analysis
• Older adults
• Physical fitness

• Male
• Middle Aged
• Female
• Humans
• Aged
• Endurance Training
• Physical Fitness/physiology
• Muscle Strength/physiology
• Resistance Training/methods
• Health Status

• Universität Potsdam (1031)

• Intramuscular fat infiltration
• Mitochondrial dysfunction
• Muscle mass
• Muscle strength
• Myosteatosis
• Neuromuscular junction
• Nutrition
• Physical exercise
• Sarcopenia

• aerobic exercise
• body composition
• cardiometabolic indices
• circuit training
• low-carbohydrate diet
• obesity
• resistance training

• Adult
• Body Composition
• Body Mass Index
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Circuit-Based Exercise
• Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
• Exercise Tolerance
• Humans
• Male
• Obesity/therapy
• Saudi Arabia

• adipose tissue
• breast cancer
• chronic inflammation
• circuit training
• exercise
• obesity
• randomized controlled trial

• National Cancer Institute

• Circuit-based exercise
• Paraplegia
• Spinal cord injuries

• 19-TB-04 Korea National Rehabilitation Center
• Ministry of Health and Welfare

• aerobic exercise
• circuit exercise
• functional exercise
• resistance training
• telehealth
• videoconferencing

• Aged
• Exercise/physiology
• Exercise Therapy
• HIV Infections/drug therapy
• Humans
• Multicenter Studies as Topic
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Telemedicine/methods
• Videoconferencing

• I01 RX002790 RRD VA
• IK6 RX003977 RRD VA
• P30 AG028747 NIA NIH HHS
• P30 AI050409 NIAID NIH HHS

Physical inactivity and possible sarcopenia pose a challenge for long-term care, especially in rural areas. We aimed to examine the prevalence of and associated factors for physical inactivity and possible sarcopenia in rural community daycare stations. A total of 275 adults aged 55–98 years (75% women) were recruited from all 11 rural community daycare stations in Northern Hualien, Taiwan. Physical inactivity was defined as less than 150 min/week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity. Possible sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian-specific criteria from 2019. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associated factors for physical inactivity and possible sarcopenia. The prevalence of physical inactivity and possible sarcopenia was 29.1% and 68.7%, respectively. About 86.8% of possible sarcopenia were ascribed to poor five-times-sit-to-stand performance. After adjusting for covariates, poor lower-limb muscle function, e.g., slow gait speed, was associated with possible sarcopenia and physical inactivity. However, physical inactivity was not independently associated with possible sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio 1.95, 95% confidence interval 0.88–4.30, p = 0.100). Our results indicated that individuals with poor lower-limb muscle function were more likely to have possible sarcopenia and physical inactivity. Improving lower-limb muscle function would be a priority task in rural community daycare stations.

• daycare station
• physical inactivity
• physical performance
• possible sarcopenia
• prevalence
• rural community

• epidemiology
• incidence
• possible sarcopenia
• prevalence
• risk factors

• antioxidant supplementation
• oxidative stress
• physical activity
• reactive oxygen species
• skeletal muscle

A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the prognostic significance of sarcopenia in surgical patients as an independent predictor of postoperative complications and outcomes. These included an increased risk of total complications, major complications, re-admissions, infections, severe infections, 30 d mortality, longer hospital stay and increased hospitalization expenditures. A program to enhance recovery after surgery was meant to address these complications; however, compliance to the program since its introduction has been less than ideal. Over the last decade, the concept of prehabilitation, or “pre-surgery rehabilitation”, has been discussed. The presurgical period represents a window of opportunity to boost and optimize the health of an individual, providing a compensatory “buffer” for the imminent reduction in physiological reserve post-surgery. Initial results have been promising. We review the literature to critically review the utility of prehabilitation, not just in the clinical realm, but also in the scientific realm, with a resource management point-of-view.

• Sarcopenia
• Prehabilitation
• Surgery
• Frailty
• Value
• Gastrointestinal surgery

• Functional circuit training
• Older Adults
• aerobic capacity
• functional performance
• strength

Although exercise is beneficial for chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), the optimal type and amount of exercise are unclear. This study aimed to determine the impact of circuit training that combines aerobic and resistance exercises on adult women with CMP. A total of 139 women with CMP underwent circuit training for 3 months and were asked to complete the following questionnaires at baseline and 3 months later: Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), Shoulder36, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Significant improvements were observed in NRS, PCS, RDQ, and KOOS activities of daily living (ADL) scores after the intervention relative to baseline (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0013, 0.0004, and 0.0295, respectively), whereas shoulder function did not improve. When considering the impact of exercise frequency, NRS scores improved regardless of exercise frequency. Furthermore, PCS, RDQ, and KOOS scores improved in participants who exercised at least twice a week (24 sessions over the course of 3 months). In conclusion, CMP, pain catastrophizing, and physical function in adult female fitness club participants with CMP of NRS 4 or higher improved after 3 months of aerobic-resistance circuit training.

We investigated the effects of a 15-week complex exercise program on osteoarthritis and sarcopenia by analyzing anabolic effects and the impact on the activities of daily living (ADLs). Nineteen women aged ≥60 years with sarcopenia (SEG, n = 9) or diagnosed with osteoarthritis with sarcopenia (OSEG, n = 10) were enrolled and underwent an exercise program. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), irisin, myostatin, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) levels were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. Thigh cross-sectional area (TCSA) was measured pre- and post-intervention via computed tomography. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPBB) were assessed pre- and post-interventions to assess ADL. There was a significant interaction effect between SEG and OSEG at the IGF-1 level post-intervention. Irisin increased and myostatin decreased post-intervention in both groups. IL-10 increased and TNF-α decreased post-intervention with a significant interaction effect in the OSEG group. TCSAs increased post-intervention in both groups. There was a significant interaction between the two groups. OSEG showed a greater WOMAC decrease and SPPB increase post-intervention, and there was a significant interaction effect. Combined exercise may be effective in improving biochemical factors, anabolic effects, and ADL in elderly women with osteoarthritis and sarcopenia.

• TCSA
• complex exercise
• myokine
• osteoarthritis
• sarcopenia

Ageing is inevitably associated with body composition changes, such as loss of muscle mass, increase in the total fat mass, and unfavorable reduction of subcutaneous fat. Physical activity exerts significant effects on the body composition. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of two different weekly doses of resistance-aerobic training on the body composition in older people. The study consisted in a retrospective data analysis of fitness club members aged ≥60. The trainees participated in resistance-aerobic training sessions two or three times/week for a minimum of two months. A body composition analysis was performed before and after the training sessions. Group 1 (36 subjects) and Group 2 (28 subjects) had two and three training sessions/week, respectively. A higher skeletal muscle mass was found in Group 1 and lower waist-hip-ratio indices were observed in Group 2. No statistically significant differences were found in the body mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, total body water, lean mass, body mass index, visceral fat area between both groups. The number of training session/week proved to be statistically insignificant for all investigated variables. Resistance-aerobic training with two sessions/week may be as effective in maintaining proper body composition in older people as the same training at the dose of three sessions/week.

• body composition
• exercise training
• older adults
• physical activity

• Dynamic combined training
• Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)
• Musculoskeletal conditions
• Rate of force development (RFD)

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of moderate intensity elastic band exercise (EBE) on functional fitness and blood pressure parameters in the elderly. Methods: 27 healthy older adults were randomly assigned to an exercise group (n = 15, age: 75.1 ± 1.4 years) and a control group (n = 12, age: 72.3 ± 1.4 years). Participants performed EBE for 60 min, three times a week, over the course of three months. The EBE consisted of incremental resistance and aerobic exercises designed to improve whole body fitness. Functional fitness and resting cardiovascular parameters were assessed before and after the exercise training program. Results: Grip strength, sit and reach, and one-leg stance improved significantly in the exercise group, while no significant improvements were found in chair stand and timed up and go (p < 0.05). Cardiovascular parameters including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure significantly decreased in the exercise group relative to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Findings of the present study suggest that safe, inexpensive, and easily accessible EBE program with circuit training components play a significant role in improving upper and lower body fitness, as well as cardiovascular fitness, in the elderly.

• blood pressure response
• circuit training
• elastic band exercise
• elderly
• functional fitness

• Activities of Daily Living
• Aged
• Blood Pressure/physiology
• Exercise
• Exercise Therapy/methods
• Female
• Health Status
• Humans
• Male
• Muscle Strength/physiology
• Physical Fitness
• Resistance Training
• Treatment Outcome

The objectives were to analyze the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on functional ability and fitness on overweight and obese older woman and to understand if sarcopenia mediates its effect. This randomized controlled trial involved 216 overweight and obese women. The experimental group (EG) carried out 12 weeks of a gerontogymnastics program. The assessment was of gait speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and muscle strength. EG showed significant improvements in almost every test. When the effect of training was adjusted by gait speed, the improvement of the 6 min walk test (MWT) for the trained group was no longer significant (p = 0.127). The improvement of the 6 MWT was significantly and positively associated with the 10 m test (β = −10.087). After including the 10-m test in the equations, the association between the 6MWT and carrying out the training program decreased but remained significant (β = −19.904). The mediation analysis showed a significant, direct and indirect effect with a significant Sobel test value (z = 6.606 ± 7.733; p = 0.000). These results indicate that a gerontogymnastics program improves functional capacity and fitness; and the effect of a gerontogymnastics program on CRF is mediated by sarcopenia in older women who are overweight and obese.

• Sarcopenia
• cardiorespiratory responses
• gait speed
• older people
• physical fitness
• walking

• Aged
• Cardiorespiratory Fitness
• Female
• Humans
• Obesity
• Overweight
• Physical Fitness
• Sarcopenia/prevention & control

Sarcopenia, a geriatric disease characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and loss of muscle function, constitutes a rising, often undiagnosed health problem. Its prevalence in the elderly population is largely considered variable, as it ranges from 5% to 50% depending on gender, age, pathological conditions as well as diagnostic criteria. There is no one unified approach of treatment or assessment, which makes sarcopenia even harder to assess. There is a pressing need to provide better diagnosis, diagnostics, prevention, and individualized health care. Physical activity and nutrition are the main studied ways to prevent sarcopenia, and they also offer better outcomes. This review aims to report the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults, its etiology, prevention, and treatment techniques.

• exercise
• frailty
• muscle mass
• nutrition
• older adults
• sarcopenia
• supplements

We compared Nordic walking training (NW) to a multicomponent training (MCT) program of an equivalent intensity, in older adults. Our main hypothesis was that MCT would result in larger effects on cognitive processes than NW.

Thirty-nine healthy older adults, divided into two groups (NW and MCT), took part in the study (17 males, 22 females, mean age =70.8±0.8 years). They were tested for cardiovascular fitness, motor fitness and cognitive performance during the two weeks preceding and following the 12-week training session (3 times/week), respectively. For both the NW and MCT interventions, the training sessions were supervised by a trainer. Heart rate of participants was monitored during the sessions and then used to make training loads as similar as possible between the two groups (TRaining IMPulse method).

Results showed that training resulted in better performance for cardiovascular and motor fitness tests. Among these tests, only two revealed a significant difference between the two groups. The NW group progressed more than the MCT group in the 30 Seconds Chair Stand test, while in the One Leg Stance test, the MCT group progressed more. For the cognitive assessment, a significant effect of training was found for executive functions, spatial memory score, and information processing speed response time, with no differences between the two groups.

The study confirmed that physical exercise has a positive impact on cognitive processes with no advantage of MCT intervention over NW training. A possible reason is that NW intervention not only improved cardiovascular capacities, but also motor fitness, including coordination capacities.

• Nordic walking
• aerobic training
• aging
• cognition
• motor fitness
• multicomponent training

• HIIT
• VO2max
• WB-EMS
• cardiorespiratory fitness
• muscular strength

• aging
• diet
• frailty syndrome
• gender
• obesity
• osteoporosis
• physical activity
• sarcopenia

• Echo intensity
• endurance training
• long-term care
• older individuals
• resistance training
• twenty-four months
• ultrasonography

• Aged
• Endurance Training/methods
• Female
• Humans
• Long-Term Care
• Male
• Muscle Strength/physiology
• Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
• Physical Endurance/physiology
• Resistance Training/methods
• Time Factors

Sarcopenia is an age-associated decline of skeletal muscle mass and function and is known to lead to frailty, cachexia, osteoporosis, metabolic syndromes, and death. Notwithstanding the increasing incidence of sarcopenia, the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving age-related sarcopenia are not completely understood. This article reviews current definitions of sarcopenia, its potential mechanisms, and effects of exercise on sarcopenia. The pathogenesis of age-related sarcopenia is multifactorial and includes myostatin, inflammatory cytokines, and mitochondria-derived problems. Especially, age-induced mitochondrial dysfunction triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, impedes mitochondrial dynamics, interrupts mitophagy, and leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Aerobic exercise provides at least a partial solution to sarcopenia as it ameliorates mitochondria-derived problems, and resistance exercise strengthens muscle mass and function. Furthermore, combinations of these exercise types provide the benefits of both. Collectively, this review summarizes potential mechanisms of age-related sarcopenia and emphasizes the use of exercise as a therapeutic strategy, suggesting that combined exercise provides the most beneficial means of combating age-related sarcopenia.

• Aging
• Exercise
• Mitochondria
• Sarcopenia
• Skeletal muscle

• Individual response variance
• RCT
• treatment heterogeneity
• weight loss

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aqua walking (AW) on coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults with osteoarthritis in the lower extremity and compare it with that of traditional over-ground walking.

Sixty consecutive eligible patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention for CAD with limited ambulation due to lower extremity osteoarthritis were recruited. They were randomly assigned to the AW program group, treadmill/track walking (TW) program group, or non-exercise control group (CON). Assessments were performed before and after 24 weeks of medically supervised exercise training.

Significant differences were observed in the change in %body fat (TW: −2.7%, AW: −2.8%, CON: −0.4%), total cholesterol level (TW: −23.6 mg/dL, AW: −27.2 mg/dL, CON: 15.8 mg/dL), resting heart rate (TW: −6.3 bpm, AW: −6.9 bpm, CON: 1.3 bpm), and cardiorespiratory fitness expressed as VO₂ peak (TW: 2.3 mL/kg·min⁻¹, AW: 2.0 mL/kg·min⁻¹, CON: −2.5 mL/kg·min⁻¹) over 24 weeks among the groups. However, no significant differences in the change in these measures were found between the TW and AW groups.

AW appears to be a feasible alternative exercise modality to over-ground walking for cardiac rehabilitation and can be recommended for older adults with CAD and osteoarthritis.

• Cardiac
• Exercise
• Rehabilitation

• Aerobic capacity
• aged
• circuit-based exercise
• light-load resistance training
• muscle development

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the correlation of visfatin level to pancreatic endocrine hormone level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and HOMA β-cell index in hydraulic resistance exercise. Furthermore, it investigated the relationship between visfatin level and other variables affected by exercise in overweight women. [Subjects and Methods] The exercise group trained for 12 weeks, 70 minutes/day, 5 days/week. Visfatin level, pancreatic endocrine hormone level, HOMA-IR index, and HOMA β-cell index were measured before and after the intervention. Based on the blood insulin and glucose concentrations, HOMA-IR index, the indicator of insulin resistance, and HOMA β-cell index, the indicator of insulin secretion level, were assessed. [Results] Interaction effects on visfatin level, insulin level, HOMA-IR index, and HOMA β-cell index were observed. Interaction effects on glucagon and glucose levels were not observed between the intervention groups. The correlations of visfatin level to insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels, and HOMA-IR and HOMA β-cell indexes were not significant for any of the subjects. [Conclusion] Therefore, the 12-week resistance exercise affected body composition, visfatin level, insulin level, HOMA-IR index, and HOMA β-cell index. Finally, visfatin was not related to insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels, and HOMA-IR and HOMA β-cell indexes.

• Hydraulic resistance exercise
• Pancreatic endocrine hormones
• Visfatin

• CD4:CD8 ratio
• Cortisol
• Exercise
• Immunosuppression
• Reactive oxygen species

• biomarker
• cardiometabolic health
• cardiovascular disease prevention
• exercise training

• physical exercise training
• dna damage
• fpg-sensitive sites
• dna repair
• antioxidant capacity
• mda

• Adult
• Aged
• Aging/blood
• Anthropometry
• Antioxidants/metabolism
• Biomarkers/blood
• Comet Assay
• DNA Damage/physiology
• DNA Repair/physiology
• Humans
• Lipid Peroxidation/physiology
• Lymphocytes/metabolism
• Male
• Malondialdehyde/blood
• Middle Aged
• Oxidative Stress/physiology
• Physical Education and Training

• Aerobic exercise
• Chronically ill patients
• Elderly
• Gait function
• Resistance training

• Elderly
• Power training
• Resistance training

• Activities of Daily Living
• Adiposity
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Aging/pathology
• Aging/physiology
• Circuit-Based Exercise
• Female
• Humans
• Hypertrophy
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Muscle Strength
• Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
• Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/physiopathology
• Obesity/therapy
• Resistance Training
• Sarcopenia/complications
• Sarcopenia/physiopathology
• Sarcopenia/therapy
• Single-Blind Method