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Wong CN, Lee SK, Liew KB, Chew YL, Chua AL. Mechanistic Insights into Propolis in Targeting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2025. [PMID: 40294604 DOI: 10.1055/a-2596-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health concern characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Growing interest in natural therapies has led to the exploration of propolis, a resinous bee product, for its potential anti-diabetic effects. This review examines the mechanisms by which propolis may aid in T2DM management. A literature search was conducted in SCOPUS and PubMed using the terms (Propolis) AND (diabetes OR "insulin resistance" OR hyperglycemia), focusing on studies published from 2014 onwards. The search yielded 384 and 207 records in SCOPUS and PubMed, respectively. After screening and full-text review, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria. Key variables analyzed included the type and source of propolis, experimental models, dosage, treatment duration, and primary and secondary outcomes. Findings highlight multiple mechanisms through which propolis may benefit T2DM, including enhancing pancreatic β-cell function, improving insulin sensitivity, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, modulating gut microbiota, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Some studies also reported protective effects on renal and hepatic function. Overall, propolis exhibits promising potential as a complementary therapy for T2DM. However, further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy, determine optimal dosing, and identify key bioactive compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects. Future research should focus on optimizing its clinical application for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Ning Wong
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Keah Lee
- M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Bin Liew
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yik-Ling Chew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Ang-Lim Chua
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nelios G, Prapa I, Mitropoulou G, Kompoura V, Balafas E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Yanni AE, Kourkoutas Y. Assessment of Immobilized Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus OLXAL-1 Cells on Oat Flakes for Functional Regulation of the Intestinal Microbiome in a Type-1 Diabetic Animal Model. Foods 2024; 13:4134. [PMID: 39767077 PMCID: PMC11675650 DOI: 10.3390/foods13244134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2024] [Revised: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2025] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of free or immobilized Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus OLXAL-1 cells on oat flakes on the gut microbiota and metabolic and inflammatory markers in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) animal model. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned into eight groups (n = 6): healthy or diabetic animals that received either a control diet (CD and DCD), an oat-supplemented diet (OD and DOD), a diet supplemented with free L. rhamnosus OLXAL-1 cells (CFC and DFC), or a diet supplemented with immobilized L. rhamnosus OLXAL-1 cells on oat flakes (CIC and DIC). Neither L. rhamnosus OLXAL-1 nor oat supplementation led to any significant positive effects on body weight, insulin levels, plasma glucose concentrations, or lipid profile parameters. L. rhamnosus OLXAL-1 administration resulted in a rise in the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, as well as increased levels of lactic, acetic, and butyric acids in the feces of the diabetic animals. Additionally, supplementation with oat flakes significantly reduced the microbial populations of E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, staphylococci, and enterococci and lowered IL-1β levels in the blood plasma of diabetic animals. These findings suggested that probiotic food-based strategies could have a potential therapeutic role in managing dysbiosis and inflammation associated with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Nelios
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.N.); (I.P.); (G.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Ioanna Prapa
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.N.); (I.P.); (G.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Gregoria Mitropoulou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.N.); (I.P.); (G.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Vasiliki Kompoura
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.N.); (I.P.); (G.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (G.N.); (I.P.); (G.M.); (V.K.)
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Chan JCN, Yang A, Chu N, Chow E. Current type 2 diabetes guidelines: Individualized treatment and how to make the most of metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26 Suppl 3:55-74. [PMID: 38992869 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Evidence-based guidelines provide the premise for the delivery of quality care to preserve health and prevent disabilities and premature death. The systematic gathering of observational, mechanistic and experimental data contributes to the hierarchy of evidence used to guide clinical practice. In the field of diabetes, metformin was discovered more than 100 years ago, and with 60 years of clinical use, it has stood the test of time regarding its value in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Although some guidelines have challenged the role of metformin as the first-line glucose-lowering drug, it is important to point out that the cardiovascular-renal protective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists were gathered from patients with type 2 diabetes, the majority of whom were treated with metformin. Most national, regional and international guidelines recommend metformin as a foundation therapy with emphasis on avoidance of therapeutic inertia and early attainment of multiple treatment goals. Moreover, real-world evidence has confirmed the glucose-lowering and cardiovascular-renal benefits of metformin accompanied by an extremely low risk of lactic acidosis. In patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate 15-30 mL/min/1.73m2), metformin discontinuation was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular-renal events compared with metformin persistence. Meanwhile, it is understood that microbiota, nutrients and metformin can interact through the gut-brain-kidney axis to modulate homeostasis of bioactive molecules, systemic inflammation and energy metabolism. While these biological changes contribute to the multisystem effects of metformin, they may also explain the gastrointestinal side effects and vitamin B12 deficiency associated with metformin intolerance. By understanding the interactions between metformin, foods and microbiota, healthcare professionals are in a better position to optimize the use of metformin and mitigate potential side effects. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study and the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Program commenced 40 years ago provided the first evidence that type 2 diabetes is preventable and treatable. To drive real-world impact from this evidence, payors, practitioners and planners need to co-design and implement an integrated, data-driven, metformin-based programme to detect people with undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycaemia), notably impaired glucose tolerance, for early intervention. The systematic data collection will create real-world evidence to bring out the best of metformin and make healthcare sustainable, affordable and accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Natural Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abubakar B, Usman D, Sanusi KO, Azmi NH, Imam MU. Preventive Epigenetic Mechanisms of Functional Foods for Type 2 Diabetes. DIABETOLOGY 2023; 4:259-277. [DOI: 10.3390/diabetology4030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2025]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health problem that requires new and effective prevention and management strategies. Recent research has highlighted the role of epigenetic changes in the development and progression of T2D, and the potential of functional foods as a complementary therapy for the disease. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the preventive epigenetic mechanisms of functional foods in T2D. We provide background information on T2D and its current treatment approaches, an explanation of the concept of epigenetics, and an overview of the different functional foods with demonstrated preventive epigenetic effects in T2D. We also discuss the epigenetic mechanisms by which these functional foods prevent or manage T2D, and the studies that have investigated their preventive epigenetic effects. In addition, we revisit works on the beneficial influence of functional foods against the programming and complications of parentally-triggered offspring diabetes. We also suggest, albeit based on scarce data, that epigenetic inheritance mechanistically mediates the impacts of functional nutrition against the metabolic risk of diabetes in offspring. Finally, our review highlights the importance of considering the preventive epigenetic mechanisms of functional foods as a potential avenue for the development of new prevention and management strategies for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilyaminu Abubakar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
| | - Dawoud Usman
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
| | - Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
| | - Nur Hanisah Azmi
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2346, Nigeria
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Antoniadou M, Varzakas T. Editorial: Special Issue "Microbial Diversity of Fermented Food". Microorganisms 2023; 11:1219. [PMID: 37317193 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this Special Issue was to highlight the diversity of microorganisms associated with fermented foods and their potential key roles in fermentation [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antoniadou
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
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Mitropoulou G, Stavropoulou E, Vaou N, Tsakris Z, Voidarou C, Tsiotsias A, Tsigalou C, Taban BM, Kourkoutas Y, Bezirtzoglou E. Insights into Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Applications of Plant Bioactive Compounds. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1156. [PMID: 37317131 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have long been thought to contribute to health promotion due to their fiber and phenolic content, as well as their inherent biological potential. The bioactive derivatives of medicinal plants are a valuable resource in the fight against serious diseases all around the world. The present review focuses on the current state of knowledge on the usage and medicinal applications of plant bioactives. Issues concerning the effect of aromatic plant derivatives on human gut microbiota and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potentials are discussed and worth further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregoria Mitropoulou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), 1101 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Vaou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Zacharias Tsakris
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysa Voidarou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Arsenis Tsiotsias
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Western Macedonia, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Birce Mercanoglou Taban
- Dairy Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Veterinary and Agriculture Campus, Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Mohammadi Zadeh M, Dehghan P, Eslami Z. Effect of date seed ( Phoenix dactylifera) supplementation as functional food on cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic endotoxaemia and mental health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blinded randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066013. [PMID: 36931666 PMCID: PMC10030472 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the improvement of chronic hyperglycaemia-related damage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through functional food consumption has attracted the attention of many clinicians. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of date seed powder (DSP) as a functional food (prebiotic) on the cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress, anti-/inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic endotoxaemia (gut microbiota), adipokines, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis biomarkers, immune system, anthropometric indices and mental health in patients with T2DM. METHODS This study protocol will be conducted as randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the inclusion of 48 patients with T2DM. The participants will be randomly assigned into two equal groups of intervention (n=24) and placebo (n=24) and receive 5 g/day of DSP or placebo for 8 weeks, respectively. At baseline and post-intervention, fasting blood samples will be collected to assess the serum levels of lipid profile, glycaemic indices, antioxidant and oxidative stress, anti-/inflammatory biomarkers, lipopolysaccharide, 8-hydroxy-guanine, adipokines, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis biomarkers, immune system and mental health. Data will be analysed using the SPSS software (V.16.0). To compare the quantitative variables, paired and unpaired Student's t-tests and covariance analyses will be used. DISCUSSION In this study, the potential effects of DSP on patients with T2DM will be evaluated for the first time. It is hoped that the results would increase the body of scientific knowledge about DSP supplementation on the cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress, anti-/inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic endotoxaemia, adipokines, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis biomarkers, immune system, anthropometric indices and mental health in patients with T2DM. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (code: IR.TBZMED.REC.1400.752). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir/IRCT20150205020965N10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohammadi Zadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Eslami
- Department of Nutrition, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Corinthian Currants Supplementation Restores Serum Polar Phenolic Compounds, Reduces IL-1beta, and Exerts Beneficial Effects on Gut Microbiota in the Streptozotocin-Induced Type-1 Diabetic Rat. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030415. [PMID: 36984855 PMCID: PMC10051135 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the possible benefits of a dietary intervention with Corinthian currants, a rich source of phenolic compounds, on type 1 diabetes (T1D) using the animal model of the streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control animals, which received a control diet (CD) or a diet supplemented with 10% w/w Corinthian currants (CCD), and diabetic animals, which received a control diet (DCD) or a currant diet (DCCD) for 4 weeks. Plasma biochemical parameters, insulin, polar phenolic compounds, and inflammatory factors were determined. Microbiota populations in tissue and intestinal fluid of the caecum, as well as fecal microbiota populations and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were measured. Fecal microbiota was further analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results of the study showed that a Corinthian currant-supplemented diet restored serum polar phenolic compounds and decreased interleukin-1b (IL-1b) (p < 0.05) both in control and diabetic animals. Increased caecal lactobacilli counts (p < 0.05) and maintenance of enterococci levels within normal range were observed in the intestinal fluid of the DCCD group (p < 0.05 compared to DCD). Higher acetic acid levels were detected in the feces of diabetic rats that received the currant diet compared to the animals that received the control diet (p < 0.05). Corinthian currant could serve as a beneficial dietary component in the condition of T1D based on the results coming from the animal model of the STZ-induced T1D rat.
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Vakadaris G, Stefanis C, Giorgi E, Brouvalis M, Voidarou C(C, Kourkoutas Y, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E. The Role of Probiotics in Inducing and Maintaining Remission in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020494. [PMID: 36831029 PMCID: PMC9952932 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract affecting millions of patients worldwide. The gut microbiome partly determines the pathogenesis of both diseases. Even though probiotics have been widely used as a potential treatment, their efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission is still controversial. Our study aims to review the present-day literature about the possible role of probiotics in treating inflammatory bowel diseases in adults. This research was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We included studies concerning adult patients who compared probiotics with placebo or non-probiotic intervention. We identified thirty-three studies, including 2713 patients from fourteen countries. The role of probiotics in Crohn's disease was examined in eleven studies. Only four studies presented statistically significant results in the remission of disease, primarily when used for three to six months. On the other hand, in twenty-one out of twenty-five studies, probiotics proved effective in achieving or maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium sp. or a combination of probiotics is the most effective intervention, especially when compared with a placebo. There is strong evidence supporting the usage of probiotic supplementation in patients with ulcerative colitis, yet more research is needed to justify their efficacy in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Vakadaris
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Stefanis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Elpida Giorgi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Merkourios Brouvalis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 60100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Rastogi S, Singh A. Gut microbiome and human health: Exploring how the probiotic genus Lactobacillus modulate immune responses. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042189. [PMID: 36353491 PMCID: PMC9638459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The highest density of microbes resides in human gastrointestinal tract, known as “Gut microbiome”. Of note, the members of the genus Lactobacillus that belong to phyla Firmicutes are the most important probiotic bacteria of the gut microbiome. These gut-residing Lactobacillus species not only communicate with each other but also with the gut epithelial lining to balance the gut barrier integrity, mucosal barrier defence and ameliorate the host immune responses. The human body suffers from several inflammatory diseases affecting the gut, lungs, heart, bone or neural tissues. Mounting evidence supports the significant role of Lactobacillus spp. and their components (such as metabolites, peptidoglycans, and/or surface proteins) in modulatingimmune responses, primarily through exchange of immunological signals between gastrointestinal tract and distant organs. This bidirectional crosstalk which is mediated by Lactobacillus spp. promotes anti-inflammatory response, thereby supporting the improvement of symptoms pertaining to asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuroinflammatory diseases (such as multiple sclerosis, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease), cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic infections in patients. The metabolic disorders, obesity and diabetes are characterized by a low-grade inflammation. Genus Lactobacillus alleviates metabolic disorders by regulating the oxidative stress response and inflammatory pathways. Osteoporosis is also associated with bone inflammation and resorption. The Lactobacillus spp. and their metabolites act as powerful immune cell controllers and exhibit a regulatory role in bone resorption and formation, supporting bone health. Thus, this review demonstrated the mechanisms and summarized the evidence of the benefit of Lactobacillus spp. in alleviating inflammatory diseases pertaining to different organs from animal and clinical trials. The present narrative review explores in detail the complex interactions between the gut-dwelling Lactobacillus spp. and the immune components in distant organs to promote host’s health.
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Teo WZ, See JY, Ramazanu S, Chan JCY, Wu XV. Effect of lactic acid fermented foods on glycemic control in diabetic adults: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2863-2878. [PMID: 36178255 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2128032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented foods are reported to have potential in managing glycemic control. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LAB-fermented foods on improving glycemic control in adults with prediabetics or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on LAB fermentation-related foods were searched on PubMed, Cochrane, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. Sixteen RCTs were included, and the results concluded LAB-fermented food had significant effects in HbA1c (Z = 6.24, MD = -0.05, CI: -0.07 to -0.04, p ≤ 0.00001), fasting plasma glucose (Z = 2.50, MD = -0.16, CI: -0.29 to -0.04, p = 0.01) and fasting serum insulin (Z = 2.51, MD = -0.20, CI: -0.35 to -0.04, p = 0.01). There were significant effects on lipid profile, inflammatory markers, and body mass index in secondary analyses. Subgroup analysis suggests LAB-fermented consumption with a longer duration, younger age group and adults with T2DM, had a larger effect size. Clinicians could offer LAB-fermented food as dietary recommendations for prediabetic and diabetic adults. Larger trials are warranted to verify LAB-fermented food benefits on glycemic control. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42022295220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou Teo
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Yang See
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Ramazanu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Chun Yip Chan
- PBTK and Exposomics Platform, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Skin Omics Platform Lead, A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Pintarič M, Langerholc T. Probiotic Mechanisms Affecting Glucose Homeostasis: A Scoping Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1187. [PMID: 36013366 PMCID: PMC9409775 DOI: 10.3390/life12081187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy status depends on the coexistence between the host organism and the microbiota. Early studies have already focused on the nutritional properties of probiotics, which may also contribute to the structural changes in the gut microbiota, thereby affecting host metabolism and homeostasis. Maintaining homeostasis in the body is therefore crucial and is reflected at all levels, including that of glucose, a simple sugar molecule that is an essential fuel for normal cellular function. Despite numerous clinical studies that have shown the effect of various probiotics on glucose and its homeostasis, knowledge about the exact function of their mechanism is still scarce. The aim of our review was to select in vivo and in vitro studies in English published in the last eleven years dealing with the effects of probiotics on glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. In this context, diverse probiotic effects at different organ levels were highlighted, summarizing their potential mechanisms to influence glucose metabolism and its homeostasis. Variations in results due to different methodological approaches were discussed, as well as limitations, especially in in vivo studies. Further studies on the interactions between probiotics, host microorganisms and their immunity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Pintarič
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia;
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Dietary Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Beneficially Alters Fatty Acid Profiles in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) onset has been associated with diet, among other environmental factors. Adipose tissue and the gut have an impact on β-cell biology, influencing their function. Dietary ingredients affect fatty acid profiles of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and plasma, as well as SCFAs production after microbial fermentation. Pistachios are a rich source of oleic acid, known for their anti-inflammatory actions and favorably affect gut microbiota composition. The purpose of the study was to examine plasma and VAT fatty acids profiles as well as fecal SCFAs after dietary intervention with pistachio nuts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Plasma and VAT fatty acids were determined by GC-MS and SCFAs by HPLC. After 4 weeks of pistachio consumption, MUFA and especially oleic acid were increased in plasma and VAT of diabetic rats while PUFA, total ω6 and especially 18:2ω6, were decreased. Lactic acid, the major end-product of beneficial intestinal microorganisms, such as lactobacilli, was elevated in healthy groups, while decreased levels of isovaleric acid were recorded in healthy and diabetic groups following the pistachio diet. Our results reveal possible beneficial relationships between pistachio nut consumption, lipid profiles and intestinal health in the disease state of T1D.
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Ding T, Xu M, Li Y. An Overlooked Prebiotic: Beneficial Effect of Dietary Nucleotide Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone-8 Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:820799. [PMID: 35399683 PMCID: PMC8988891 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.820799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides (NTs) are regulatory factors in many biological processes and play important roles in the growth, development, and metabolism of living organisms. We used senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) to investigate the effects of NTs on the gut microbiota and metabolites. And the promoting effect of NTs on the growth of a probiotic (Lactobacillus casei) was explored through in vitro experiments. The results showed that the sequencing depth of 16S rDNA covered all microbial species in the feces of SAMP8. Supplementation with exogenous NTs to the diet enhanced the diversity of the gut microbiota, reduced the abundance of bacteria with negative effects on the body (such as Verrucomicrobia, Ruminococcaceae, Akkermansia and Helicobacter), and increased the abundance of the microbiota, which had beneficial effects on the mice (such as Lactobacillus, Candidatus saccharimonas and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group). Metabonomic analysis showed that NT deficiency in the diet significantly affected metabolites in the mouse feces. The metabolites in mice supplemented with NTs tended to be normal (SAMR1). The differentially expressed metabolites caused by NT addition are involved in various pathways in the body, including linoleic acid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and histidine metabolism. Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between the gut microbiota and differentially expressed metabolites caused by the addition of NTs. In vitro experiments showed that NTs significantly promoted the growth, secretion of biofilm and extracellular polymeric substance of L. casei. NTs also promoted the ability of the crude extract of L. casei to resist the secretion of Shigella biofilm. Thus, NTs can regulate the abundance of the gut microbiota and alter the metabolic expression of the intestinal microbiome.
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TABAN BMERCANOGLU, STAVROPOULOU E, WINKELSTRÖTER LKRETLI, BEZIRTZOGLOU E. Value-added effects of using aromatic plants in foods and human therapy. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.43121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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