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Scoubeau C, Klass M, Celie B, Godefroid C, Cnop M, Faoro V. Health-related fitness benefits following concurrent high-intensity interval training and resistance training in patients with type-1 diabetes or type-2 diabetes. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1466148. [PMID: 39633643 PMCID: PMC11614843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1466148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), as assessed by VO2peak, along with metabolic and cardiovascular health indices, represents the strongest predictors of survival. However, it remains unclear whether concurrent high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) can similarly enhance these health markers in patients with type-1 diabetes (T1D) or type-2 diabetes (T2D) compared to healthy individuals. Methods Adults with uncomplicated T1D or T2D and healthy normoglycemic controls matched for sex and age (HC1 and HC2) performed 3 training sessions/week of concurrent HIIT and RT for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included: lipids and glycemic profile, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and a cyclo-ergometric cardio-pulmonary exercise test. Results Training improved VO2peak, the ventilatory threshold (VT1), maximal workload, ventilation and O2pulse, similarly in T1D in HC1 without changes in body composition or glycemic profile. In patients with T2D, training improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), lean mass, VE/VCO2 slope, VT1 and maximal O2pulse, workload and VO2peak with reduction in fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (all, p < 0.05). However, improvements in VO2peak and O2pulse were lower than in healthy controls (respectively, T2D: +9%, HC2: +18% and T2D: +6%, HC2: +19%, p < 0.05). Conclusions Both patients with T1D and T2D benefit from combined HIIT and RT by improving CRF with specific adaptations influenced by the presence and type of diabetes. While identical magnitude of achievements were observed in T1D and HC1, T2D patients exhibited lower VO2peak and maximal O2pulse improvements but associated with notable additional health benefits regarding insulin sensitivity, body composition, visceral adipose tissue and ventilatory efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Scoubeau
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Klass
- Research Unit in Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert Celie
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vitalie Faoro
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Al Kandari J, Al Ozairi E, Irshad M, Varghese A, Gray SR. Association of physical activity metrics with glucose variability in people with type 1 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:210-216. [PMCID: PMC11236049 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the association of physical activity metrics with measures of glucose variability in people with type 1 diabetes. From August 2019 to January 2022, people with type 1 diabetes, attending clinics or participating in ongoing research at the Dasman Diabetes Institute in Kuwait, were invited to participate in the study. Physical activity was measured over a 7‐day period using a wrist‐worn accelerometer, and glucose variability data were measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) of the same period. Three hundred and eleven participants were recruited (age 33 (10) years, BMI 27(5) kg/m2 and n = 311 (169 female and 142 male)). Overall physical activity levels were not associated with any measure of glucose variability. The intensity gradient, which measures the distribution of physical activity intensity, was negatively associated with mean glucose (−1.01(−0.28, −1.74) and p = 0.007), CONGA (−1.00(−0.28, −1.72) and p = 0.007), J‐index (−11.7(−2.23, 21.2) and p = 0.016), HBGI (−2.73(−0.44, −5.02) and p = 0.020), GRADE (−2.27(−0.59, −3.95), p = 0.009) and GRADE – euglycaemia (−4.26(−0.46, −8.06) and p = 0–029) and the M‐value (−4.41 (−0.05, −8.77) and p = 0.049). Overall physical activity remains important, but it may be worth recommending people with type 1 diabetes to spend proportionately more of their day doing moderate to higher intensity physical activity, although this remains to be confirmed in an appropriately designed trial. Physical activity is recommended to people with type 1 diabetes due to its broad health benefits. The relationship between physical activity and glucose variability is unclear. The current study shows that overall physical activity levels are not associated with measures of glucose variability, but spending proportionately more of their day doing moderate to higher intensity physical activity was associated with better glucose variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Al Kandari
- DAFNE UnitDasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait CityKuwait
- Amiri HospitalMinistry of HealthKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Ebaa Al Ozairi
- DAFNE UnitDasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait CityKuwait
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | | | | | - Stuart R. Gray
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic HealthUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Hall B, Żebrowska A, Sikora M, Siatkowski S, Robins A. The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Short-Term Glycaemic Control, Serum Level of Key Mediator in Hypoxia and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes-An Exploratory Case Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3749. [PMID: 37686781 PMCID: PMC10490106 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with hyperglycaemia-induced hypoxia and inflammation. This study assessed the effects of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on glycaemia (BG) and serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and an essential mediator of adaptive response to hypoxia in T1D patients. The macronutrient intake was also evaluated. Nine patients suffering from T1D for about 12 years and nine healthy individuals (CG) were enrolled and completed one session of HIIE at the intensity of 120% lactate threshold with a duration of 4 × 5 min intermittent with 5 min rests after each bout of exercise. Capillary and venous blood were withdrawn at rest, immediately after and at 24 h post-HIIE for analysis of BG, hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Pre-exercise BG was significantly higher in the T1D patients compared to the CG (p = 0.043). HIIE led to a significant decline in T1D patients' BG (p = 0.027) and a tendency for a lower BG at 24 h post-HIIE vs. pre-HIIE. HIF-1α was significantly elevated in the T1D patients compared to CG and there was a trend for HIF-1α to decline, and for VEGF and TNF-α to increase in response to HIIE in the T1D group. Both groups consumed more and less than the recommended amounts of protein and fat, respectively. In the T1D group, a tendency for a higher digestible carbohydrate intake and more frequent hyperglycaemic episodes on the day after HIIE were observed. HIIE was effective in reducing T1D patients' glycaemia and improving short-term glycaemic control. HIIE has the potential to improve adaptive response to hypoxia by elevating the serum level of VEGF. Patients' diet and level of physical activity should be screened on a regular basis, and they should be educated on the glycaemic effects of digestible carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hall
- School of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Ż.); (M.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Żebrowska
- School of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Ż.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcin Sikora
- School of Physiological and Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Ż.); (M.S.)
| | - Szymon Siatkowski
- Institute of Healthy Living, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikolowska Street 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Anna Robins
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Allerton Building, 43 Crescent, Salford M5 4WT, UK;
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Abstract
Regular physical activity improves cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health, helps with weight management, improves cognitive and psychosocial functioning, and is associated with reduced mortality related to cancer and diabetes mellitus. However, turnover rates of glucose in the blood increase dramatically during exercise, which often results in either hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia as well as increased glycaemic variability in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A complex neuroendocrine response to an acute exercise session helps to maintain circulating levels of glucose in a fairly tight range in healthy individuals, while several abnormal physiological processes and limitations of insulin therapy limit the capacity of people with T1DM to exercise in a normoglycaemic state. Knowledge of the acute and chronic effects of exercise and regular physical activity is critical for the formulation of clinical strategies for the management of insulin and nutrition for active patients with T1DM. Emerging diabetes-related technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors, automated insulin delivery systems and the administration of solubilized glucagon, are demonstrating efficacy for preserving glucose homeostasis during and after exercise in this population of patients. This Review highlights the beneficial effects of regular exercise and details the complex endocrine and metabolic responses to different types of exercise for adults with T1DM. An overview of basic clinical strategies for the preservation of glucose homeostasis using emerging technologies is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Riddell
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Anne L Peters
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Melchiorri G, Triossi T, Viero V, Marroni S, D’Arcangelo G, Tancredi V. A Study about a New Standardized Method of Home-Based Exercise in Elderly People Aged 65 and Older to Improve Motor Abilities and Well-Being: Feasibility, Functional Abilities and Strength Improvements. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7060134. [PMID: 36547270 PMCID: PMC9777551 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7060134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To verify the effects in terms of feasibility, strength and functional abilities of a standardized exercise training method that is partially supported (home training), with the aim of improving motor abilities and well-being. METHODS A total of 67 participants underwent two sessions per week for 12 weeks for the program, based on 8 sequences with specific body part targets, with each sequence made up of 9 exercises. OUTCOME MEASURES Recording of training session data, Chair Test, Hand Grip Test, Timed Up-and-Go Test, Stork Balance Test, Sit-and-Reach Test, VAS, Perceived Physical Exertion. RESULTS In total, 97% of the sample were "adherent" (more than 70% of the prescribed treatments performed). The rate of adverse events was infrequent (only 8). Chair Test +31%, Hand Grip Test +6%, Timed Up-and-Go Test -17%, Stork Balance Test +65%, Sit-and-Reach Test +55%, VAS -34%, Perceived Physical Exertion -69%. CONCLUSIONS Home training has good feasibility (adherence, tolerability, safety) and cost-effectiveness ratio and improves both strength and functional abilities, which, in turns, helps to improve motor abilities and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Melchiorri
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Don Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Piazzale Rodolfo Morandi 6, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Triossi
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Viero
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-338-4723601
| | - Silvia Marroni
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Department of Systems Medicine and Centre of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine and Centre of Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Cai H, Zhou L, Liu J, Li Z, Chen S. Independent and combined effects of liraglutide and aerobic interval training on glycemic control and cardiac protection in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 629:112-120. [PMID: 36116373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study intended to explore the hypoglycemic and cardioprotective effects of 8-week aerobic interval training combined with liraglutide and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHOD Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups - normal control group (CON), diabetic cardiomyopathy group (DCM), high-dose liraglutide group (DH), low-dose liraglutide group (DL), and aerobic interval training combined with liraglutide group (DLE). High-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) were used to induce the DCM model, and both the liraglutide administration group and combination therapy group allocated to 8 weeks of either liraglutide or liraglutide and exercise intervention. Cardiac functions were analyzed by electrocardiography. Blood biochemical parameters were measured to judge glycemic control conditions. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Sirus red staining was used to identify cardiac morphology and collagen accumulation, respectively. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were determined by enzymatic methods. The mRNA expression of myocardial remodeling genes (BNP, GSK3β, α-MHC, β-MHC and PPARα) and the protein expression of GLP-1, GLP-1R were analyzed. RESULTS DCM rats developed hyperglycemia, impaired cardiac function with accumulation of AGEs and collagen (P < 0.05). The development of hyperglycemia and cardiac dysfunction was significantly attenuated with all interventions, as reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function (P < 0.05). Cardiac remodeling genes were normalized after all interventions, these positive modifications were due to increased GLP-1 and GLP-1R expression in DCM heart (P < 0.05). Liraglutide combined with AIT significantly increased the diameters of cardiomyocytes, increased the α-MHC expressionx, reduced PPARαexpression and reduced the fluctuation of blood glucose level, which showed the safety and effective of medicine combined with exercise. CONCLUSION Liraglutide combined with AIT intervention normalized blood glucose alleviates myocardial fibrosis and improves cardiac contractile function in DCM rats, supporting the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cai
- Tianjin University of Sport, College of Exercise and Health Sciences, Tianjin, 300060, China; NO.1 Hospital of Baoding, Department of Endocrinology, Baoding, 071066, China
| | - Linling Zhou
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Jingqin Liu
- Tianjin University of Sport, College of Exercise and Health Sciences, Tianjin, 300060, China; NO.1 Hospital of Baoding, Department of Endocrinology, Baoding, 071066, China
| | - Zelin Li
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050057, China.
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Sian TS, Inns TB, Gates A, Doleman B, Bass JJ, Atherton PJ, Lund JN, Phillips BE. Equipment-free, unsupervised high intensity interval training elicits significant improvements in the physiological resilience of older adults. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:529. [PMID: 35761262 PMCID: PMC9238013 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent risk factor for dependency, cognitive impairment and premature mortality. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a proven time-efficient stimulus for improving both CRF and other facets of cardiometabolic health also known to decline with advancing age. However, the efficacy of equipment-free, unsupervised HIIT to improve the physiological resilience of older adults is not known. Methods Thirty independent, community-dwelling older adults (71(SD: 5) years) were randomised to 4 weeks (12 sessions) equipment-free, supervised (in the laboratory (L-HIIT)) or unsupervised (at home (H-HIIT)) HIIT, or a no-intervention control (CON). HIIT involved 5, 1-minute intervals of a bodyweight exercise each interspersed with 90-seconds recovery. CRF, exercise tolerance, blood pressure (BP), body composition, muscle architecture, circulating lipids and glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and after the intervention period. Results When compared to the control group, both HIIT protocols improved the primary outcome of CRF ((via anaerobic threshold) mean difference, L-HIIT: +2.27, H-HIIT: +2.29, both p < 0.01) in addition to exercise tolerance, systolic BP, total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and m. vastus lateralis pennation angle, to the same extent. There was no improvement in these parameters in CON. There was no change in diastolic BP, glucose tolerance, whole-body composition or HDL cholesterol in any of the groups. Conclusions This is the first study to show that short-term, time-efficient, equipment-free, HIIT is able to elicit improvements in the CRF of older adults irrespective of supervision status. Unsupervised HIIT may offer a novel approach to improve the physiological resilience of older adults, combating age-associated physiological decline, the rise of inactivity and the additional challenges currently posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Trial registration This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov and coded: NCT03473990. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03208-y.
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Wake AD. Protective effects of physical activity against health risks associated with type 1 diabetes: "Health benefits outweigh the risks". World J Diabetes 2022; 13:161-184. [PMID: 35432757 PMCID: PMC8984568 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased in recent decades, where the number of cases and the proportion of the disease have been gradually increasing over the past few decades. The chronic complications of DM affect many organ systems and account for the majority of morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The prevalence of type 1 DM (T1DM) is increasing globally, and it has a very significant burden on countries and at an individual level. T1DM is a chronic illness that requires ongoing medical care and patient self-management to prevent complications. This study aims to discuss the health benefits of physical activity (PA) in T1DM patients. The present review article was performed following a comprehensive literature search. The search was conducted using the following electronic databases: "Cochrane Library", Web of Science, PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE, Google for grey literature, Scopus, African journals Online, and Google Scholar for articles published up to June 21, 2021. The present review focused on the effects of PA on many outcomes such as blood glucose (BG) control, physical fitness, endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, well-being, the body defense system, blood lipid profile, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), insulin requirements, blood pressure (BP), and mortality. It was found that many studies recommended the use of PA for the effective management of T1DM. PA is a component of comprehensive lifestyle modifications, which is a significant approach for the management of T1DM. It provides several health benefits, such as improving BG control, physical fitness, endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, well-being, and the body defense system. Besides this, it reduces the blood lipid profile, insulin resistance, CVDs, insulin requirements, BP, and mortality. Overall, PA has significant and essential protective effects against the health risks associated with T1DM. Even though PA has several health benefits for patients with T1DM, these patients are not well engaged in PA due to barriers such as a fear of exercise-induced hypoglycemia in particular. However, several effective strategies have been identified to control exercise-induced hypoglycemia in these patients. Finally, the present review concludes that PA should be recommended for the management of patients with T1DM due to its significant health benefits and protective effects against associated health risks. It also provides suggestions for the future direction of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu Dabi Wake
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella 193/4, Ethiopia
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Müller CB, Veiga RSD, Pinheiro EDS, Vecchio FBD. Home-based high-intensity interval training can improve physical performance in young female athletes during a quarantine. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420210012421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Alarcón-Gómez J, Chulvi-Medrano I, Martin-Rivera F, Calatayud J. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Quality of Life, Sleep Quality, Exercise Motivation and Enjoyment in Sedentary People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312612. [PMID: 34886337 PMCID: PMC8656786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) people’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is affected by glycemic control. Regular exercise is strongly recommended to these patients due to its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. However, a large percentage of patients with T1DM people present a sedentary behavior because of the fear of a post-exercise hypoglycemia event, lack of time, lack of motivation and the complicated management of exercise, glycemic and insulin dose interaction. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient and safe methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and does not require much time, which are the main barriers for this population to doing exercise and increasing physical conditioning. (2) Methods: Nineteen sedentary adults (37 ± 6.5 years) with T1DM, were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of either HIIT (12-16-20 × 30-s intervals interspersed with 1-min rest periods) performed thrice weekly, or to the control group, which did not train. HRQoL, sleep quality, exercise motivation and enjoyment were measured as psychological variables. (4) Results: HRQoL improved in physical and social domains, PF (1.9%); PR (80.3%); GH (16.6); SF (34.1%). Sleep quality improved in the HIIT group by 21.4%. Enjoyment improved by 7% and intrinsic motivation was increased by 13%. (5) Conclusions: We suggest that the 6-week HIIT program used in the present study is safe, since no severe hypoglycemia were reported, and an effective strategy in improving HRQoL, sleep quality, exercise motivation and enjoyment which are important psychological well-being factors in T1DM people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alarcón-Gómez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- UIRFIDE Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Fernando Martin-Rivera
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: or
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Sian TS, Inns T, Gates A, Doleman B, Gharahdaghi N, Atherton PJ, Lund JN, Phillips BE. Short-Term, Equipment-Free High Intensity Interval Training Elicits Significant Improvements in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Irrespective of Supervision in Early Adulthood. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:697518. [PMID: 34381998 PMCID: PMC8349982 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.697518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Serious health implications from having low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and being overweight in young adulthood are carried forward into later life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-effective, potent stimulus for improving CRF and indices of cardiometabolic health. To date, few studies have investigated the use of equipment-free HIIT or the impact of supervision for improving CRF via HIIT. Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (18-30 y) were randomised to 4 weeks (12 sessions) equipment-free, bodyweight based supervised laboratory HIIT (L-HIIT), unsupervised home HIIT (H-HIIT) or no-intervention (CON). Utilised exercises were star jumps, squats and standing sprints. Measurements of CRF (anaerobic threshold (AT) and VO2peak), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), blood glucose and plasma insulin by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and muscle architecture were performed at baseline and after the intervention. Results: When compared to the control group, both HIIT protocols improved CRF (AT: L-HIIT mean difference compared to the control group (MD) +2.1 (95% CI: 0.34-4.03) ml/kg/min; p = 0.02; H-HIIT MD +3.01 (1.17-4.85) ml/kg/min; p = 0.002), VO2peak: L-HIIT (MD +2.94 (0.64-5.25) ml/kg/min; p = 0.01; H-HIIT MD +2.55 (0.34-4.76) ml/kg/min; p = 0.03), BMI (L-HIIT MD -0.43 (-0.86 to 0.00) kg/m2; p = 0.05; H-HIIT: MD -0.51 (-0.95 to -0.07) kg/m2; p = 0.03) and m. vastus lateralis pennation angle (L-HIIT MD 0.2 (0.13-0.27)°; p < 0.001; H-HIIT MD 0.17 (0.09 to 0.24)°; p < 0.001). There was no significant change in BP, blood glucose or plasma insulin in any of the groups. Conclusions: Four weeks time-efficient, equipment-free, bodyweight-based HIIT is able to elicit improvements in CRF irrespective of supervision status. Unsupervised HIIT may be a useful tool for counteracting the rise of sedentary behaviours and consequent cardiometabolic disorders in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir S Sian
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Inns
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Gates
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Brett Doleman
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Nima Gharahdaghi
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jon N Lund
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
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Sieczkowska SM, Smaira FI, Mazzolani BC, Gualano B, Roschel H, Peçanha T. Efficacy of home-based physical activity interventions in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:576-587. [PMID: 33945907 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) has been receiving increasing interest in recent years as an adjuvant therapy for autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARDs), but there is scarce information about the efficacy of home-based PA for patients with ARDs. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of home-based physical activity (PA) interventions in improving health-related quality of life, functional capacity, pain, and disease activity in patients with ARDs. METHODS Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, CINAHL database and Sport Discus. Trials were considered eligible if they included a home-based physical activity intervention. The population included adults with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, systemic sclerosis and ankylosing spondylitis), comparisons included non-physical activity control or centre-based interventions (i.e., interventions performed on a specialized exercise centre) and the outcomes were quality of life, pain, functional capacity, disease activity and inflammation. RESULTS Home-based physical activity improved quality of life (p<0.01; g = 0.69; IC95%, 0.61 to 1.07) and functional capacity (p = 0.04; g = - 0.51; IC95%, -0.86; -0.16), and reduced disease activity (p = 0.03; g = - 0.60; IC95%, -1.16; -0.04) and pain (p = 0.01; g = -1.62; IC95%, -2.94 to -0.31) compared to the non-physical activity control condition. Additionally, home-based physical activity interventions were as effective as centre-based interventions for all investigated outcomes. CONCLUSION Home-based PA is an efficacious strategy to improve disease control and aleviate symptoms in ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mendes Sieczkowska
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rhematology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Disciplina de Reumatologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, ZIP code: 01246-903, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Infante Smaira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rhematology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Disciplina de Reumatologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, ZIP code: 01246-903, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caruso Mazzolani
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rhematology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Disciplina de Reumatologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, ZIP code: 01246-903, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rhematology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Disciplina de Reumatologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, ZIP code: 01246-903, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rhematology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Disciplina de Reumatologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, ZIP code: 01246-903, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Peçanha
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rhematology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Disciplina de Reumatologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, ZIP code: 01246-903, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Alarcón-Gómez J, Calatayud J, Chulvi-Medrano I, Martín-Rivera F. Effects of a HIIT Protocol on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1262. [PMID: 33572499 PMCID: PMC7908515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) people. Regular exercise is strongly recommended to these patients due to its preventive action against this type of disease. However, a large percentage of patients with T1DM people present a sedentary behavior, mainly, because of the fear of a post-exercise hypoglycemia event and lack of time. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient and safe methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and does not require much time, which are the main barriers for this population to doing exercise and increasing physical conditioning. Nineteen sedentary adults (37 ± 6.5 years) with T1DM were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of either HIIT, 12 bouts first 2 weeks, 16 bouts in weeks 3 and 4, and 20 bouts in the last two weeks x 30-s intervals interspersed with 1-min rest periods, performed thrice weekly or to control group, which did not train. VO2max, body composition, heart rate variability (HRV), and fasting glucose were measured as cardiovascular risk factors. We suggest that the 6-week HIIT program used in the present study is safe since no severe hypoglycemia was reported and is an effective strategy in improving VO2max, body composition, HRV, and fasting glucose, which are important cardiovascular risk factors in T1DM people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alarcón-Gómez
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; or
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- UIRFIDE (Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group), Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín-Rivera
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Wagenmakers AJM. The clinical and metabolic benefits of exercise for people with type 1 diabetes. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:562-564. [PMID: 32270575 DOI: 10.1113/ep088493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3 AF, UK
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