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Shirotori S, Hasegawa Y, Nagai K, Kusunoki H, Yoshimura S, Tokumoto K, Hattori H, Tamaki K, Hori K, Kishimoto H, Shinmura K. Is Oral Function Associated with the Development of Sarcopenic Obesity and Sarcopenia in Older Adults? A Prospective Cohort Study. Diseases 2025; 13:109. [PMID: 40277819 PMCID: PMC12025915 DOI: 10.3390/diseases13040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Revised: 03/26/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity, defined as the concurrent loss of muscle mass and adipose tissue accumulation, is associated with reduced physical function and poor health status in older adults. Although oral function can impact the overall health of older adults, its role in the development of sarcopenic obesity remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to examine the association between oral function and the incidence of sarcopenic obesity. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study included 597 independent older adults (aged ≥65 years) from Tamba-Sasayama, a rural region of Japan, who participated in academic studies between June 2016 and December 2023. Participants underwent surveys at least twice, with a minimum two-year interval. The participants were divided into four groups (robust, obese, sarcopenic, and sarcopenic obese) according to their health condition. Sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed based on the guidelines of the Japanese Working Group on Sarcopenic Obesity. The oral function was evaluated by assessing the number of remaining teeth, tongue pressure, occlusal force, masticatory performance, and oral diadochokinesis. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis evaluated the association between oral function and the incidence of sarcopenic obesity after adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS The sarcopenic obesity group was older, had lower skeletal muscle mass, and inferior physical function. This cohort also had the highest prevalence of hypertension and significantly fewer remaining teeth. The proportion of individuals with sarcopenic obesity was 1.7% of the total population, with 2.8% in the obesity group at baseline, and 8.0% of those were diagnosed with sarcopenia progressing to sarcopenic obesity. The Cox regression model revealed that reduced tongue pressure was significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenic obesity, with a hazard ratio of 0.906 (95% confidence interval: 0.829-0.990; p = 0.028), independent of other variables related to sarcopenia and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that oral function is associated with the incidence of sarcopenic obesity but not with that of sarcopenia or obesity alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Shirotori
- Department of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoko Hasegawa
- Department of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8514, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya City 663-8501, Japan
| | - Koutatsu Nagai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe City 650-8530, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Kusunoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Dental University, Osaka City 540-0008, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya City 663-8501, Japan; (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Shogo Yoshimura
- Department of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kana Tokumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya City 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hattori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya City 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tamaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya City 663-8501, Japan; (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Hori
- Department of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kishimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya City 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Shinmura
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya City 663-8501, Japan; (K.T.); (K.S.)
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Chen Z, Guo D, Xiao L, Su H, Chen Y. Association of fat-to-muscle ratio with hypertension: a cross-sectional study in China. J Hum Hypertens 2025; 39:301-307. [PMID: 39984729 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-025-00992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and hypertension. A total of 1592 participants aged ≥ 40 years were included. Participants were divided into four groups by quartiles of FMR. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using logistic regression models. Restricted cubic spline was applied to examine the correlation of FMR and hypertension. Of 1592 participants, 943 (59.2%) participants had hypertension. Hypertension risk rose with FMR quartiles. Compared to FMR quartile 1, ORs were 1.496 (95% CI: 1.115-2.006), 2.445 (95% CI: 1.840-3.249), and 5.415 (95% CI: 3.993-7.344) for quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). Adjusted OR in quartile 4 was 3.015 (95% CI: 2.083-4.365). Restricted cubic spline showed a linear relationship between FMR and hypertension. Adding FMR improved hypertension risk model performance (P = 0.006). Subgroup analysis revealed FMR interactions with sex (P = 0.010) and BMI (P < 0.016), with a higher hypertension risk in females and non-obese individuals. Additionally, versus FMR quartile 1, hypertensive individuals in quartiles 2 (OR: 1.370, 95% CI: 0.900-2.085), 3 (OR: 2.055, 95% CI: 1.374-3.073) and 4 (OR: 3.102, 95% CI: 2.055-4.682) exhibited a significantly elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In summary, Elevated FMR independently correlated with hypertension risk, especially in women, or even in non-obese individuals. FMR is a valuable tool for identifying populations with higher hypertension risk and assessing ASCVD risk in hypertensive individuals. Body composition warrants consideration in future hypertension risk studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dongming Guo
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lifeng Xiao
- Department of Emergency, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Honghui Su
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yirun Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhang K, Zheng X, Ma T. Association of possible Sarcopenia, Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity with multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Arch Public Health 2025; 83:77. [PMID: 40128908 PMCID: PMC11934486 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-025-01538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The association between possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on multimorbidity risk remains poorly investigating. We aimed to evaluate the associations between possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on multimorbidity prevalence and incidence among middle-aged and older Chinese population. METHODS A total of 13,036 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 were included in cross-sectional analyses. 5771 participants were including in longitudinal analyses and were followed up in 2018. Sarcopenia status was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) criteria. Obesity was defined according to body mass index. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were significantly associated with higher multimorbidity prevalence. During the 7 years of follow-up, 2295(39.77%) participants with new-onset multimorbidity were identified. Compared with participants without sarcopenia or obesity, a greater increase in the risk of multimorbidity incidence was found among participants with obesity only (OR = 1.39, 1.21-1.59), sarcopenia only (OR = 1.45, 1.35-1.58) and sarcopenic obesity (OR = 2.42, 2.03-2.89). Both pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were positively related to an increased number of morbidities. CONCLUSION Pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were associated with higher multimorbidity prevalence and incidence. Our findings provide important implications for screening and preventing possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and obesity, which may be beneficial in reducing chronic disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital (Jiangnan University Medical Center), Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
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Mirzai S, Carbone S, Batsis JA, Kritchevsky SB, Kitzman DW, Shapiro MD. Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Overlooked but High-Risk Syndrome. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:532-544. [PMID: 38753289 PMCID: PMC11306598 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcopenic obesity (SO), defined as the coexistence of excess fat mass and reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, has emerged as an important cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in older adults. This review summarizes recent findings on the diagnosis, prevalence, health impacts, and treatment of SO. RECENT FINDINGS Growing evidence suggests SO exacerbates cardiometabolic risk and adverse health outcomes beyond either condition alone; however, the heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and the observational nature of most studies prohibit the evaluation of a causal relationship. This is concerning given that SO is increasing with the aging population, although that is also difficult to assess accurately given wide-ranging prevalence estimates. A recent consensus definition proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and the European Association for the Study of Obesity provides a framework of standardized criteria to diagnose SO. Adopting uniform diagnostic criteria for SO will enable more accurate characterization of prevalence and cardiometabolic risk moving forward. Although current management revolves around diet for weight loss coupled with resistance training to mitigate further muscle loss, emerging pharmacologic therapies have shown promising results. As the global population ages, diagnosing and managing SO will become imperative to alleviate the cardiovascular burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mirzai
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Ilich JZ, Pokimica B, Ristić-Medić D, Petrović S, Arsić A, Vasiljević N, Vučić V, Kelly OJ. Osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) phenotype and its connection with cardiometabolic disorders: Is there a cause-and-effect? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102326. [PMID: 38734146 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The objectives were to examine if there is a causal relationship between osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome (coexistence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and excess adiposity) and cardiometabolic disorders or if these disorders initiate the development of OSA and its worsening. The search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to include articles up to the end of 2023. Of n=539 articles retrieved, n=15 met the eligibility criteria. Only studies conducted in adults and with all three body composition compartments (bone, muscle/lean, adipose) measured were considered. The results revealed that several cardiometabolic disorders, namely, hypertension, dyslipidemia (elevated total and LDL-cholesterol, lower HDL-cholesterol), insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, lower serum vitamin D, and some inflammatory markers were accompanied by OSA. In most cases, the OSA phenotype was associated with worse outcomes than cases with healthy or less impaired body composition. Our initial questions about the reciprocal cause-and-effect relationships could be surmised with more certainty for the OSA and some cardiovascular risks (hypertension, dyslipidemia) and some metabolic abnormalities (several inflammatory markers). The results of this review underscore the importance of body composition in health and from a clinical perspective, all three body composition compartments should be measured by standardized technologies using regulated diagnostic criteria to identify OSA. Randomized trials and prospective studies in diverse groups of older and younger individuals are necessary to determine if the relationships between OSA and clinical endpoints are causal and reversible through intervention and to uncover the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Z Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.
| | - Biljana Pokimica
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Danijela Ristić-Medić
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Snjezana Petrović
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsić
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Nadja Vasiljević
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Medical Faculty University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vučić
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Owen J Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, 925 City Central Avenue, Conroe, Texas 77304, USA
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Yang Y, Sun Q, Ma S, Li X, Lang X, Zhang Q. Association of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratios and hypertension: evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1375232. [PMID: 38752178 PMCID: PMC11094208 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1375232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to explore the association between the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference (CCR/WC) and hypertension. Methods The study utilized data extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. In the cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the association between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension. By utilizing restricted cubic splines, potential non-linear associations between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension were explored. In the longitudinal analysis, the association between CCR/WC quartiles (Q1-Q4) and the risk of new-onset hypertension was evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards models. Results In total, 7,253 participants were enrolled. The study unveiled an inverse association with hypertension, demonstrating an odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23-0.37, P < 0.001). Among males, an OR of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.25-0.58, P < 0.001) was observed, while among females, an OR of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.28-0.60, P < 0.001) was noted. There was an absence of a nonlinear association between the CCR/WC ratio and hypertension. Cox regression analysis unveiled a reduced risk of hypertension in Q3 (Hazard ratios [HR]: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.58-0.82, P < 0.001) and Q4: (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83, P < 0.001) in compared to the Q1 of the CCR/WC ratio, and sex-specific analysis yielded consistent results. Conclusion This study emphasizes the potential association between an elevated CCR/WC ratio and a reduced risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Nursing Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rodrigues PS, Mendonça FM, Neves JS, Luís C, Rodrigues I, Moreno T, Festas D, Pedro J, Varela A, Fernandes A, Costa EL, Freitas P. Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Sarcopenic Obesity Outcomes: A One-Year Prospective Study in Middle-Aged Women. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1674-1683. [PMID: 38523172 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterised by the confluence of muscle deterioration and high adiposity. When non-surgical interventions prove insufficient, bariatric surgery (BS) becomes the primary approach. This study aimed to address BS effects on SO outcomes 1 year post-surgery among middle-aged women, also considering physical exercise's impact. METHODS Prospective single-centre study of 140 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy between November 2019 and December 2022. Participants were categorised into tertiles according to SO's diagnosis and severity (group 1-patients with the most severe SO; group 2-intermediate; group 3-the least severe or without SO), calculated considering the consensus issued by ESPEN and EASO in 2022. Evaluations of clinical and biochemical parameters were conducted before and 12 months after BS, and the variation was used for comparative purposes. Body composition was assessed using bone density scans. Linear regression analysis accounted for both surgery type and baseline body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Before BS, SO prevalence in the overall sample was 89.3%, decreasing to 2.9% after BS. Group 1 had more body fat mass (56.9 vs 54.8 vs 50.7 kg, p < 0.001), total, trunk and leg fat at baseline and a significantly lower total skeletal muscle mass (47.2 vs 49.4 vs 51.8 kg, p < 0.001). One year post-BS, group 1 presented more weight loss (- 39.8 ± 11.4 kg, p = 0.031), BMI reduction (- 15.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2, p = 0.005) and lost more fat mass (- 32.6 vs - 30.5 vs - 27.9 kg, p = 0.005), but not total skeletal muscle mass (- 5.8 vs - 5.9 vs - 6.8 kg, p = 0.130). Remission rates for comorbidities were substantial among all groups, but more marked among patients within group 1 (type 2 diabetes mellitus 75%, hypertension 47.1% and dyslipidemia 52.8%). Engagement in physical exercise of any kind has increased post-BS (33.1% vs 79.1%). CONCLUSION Despite concerns about malabsorptive mechanisms potentially worsening muscle loss, patients with the most severe SO undergoing BS lost more fat mass while experiencing the smallest reduction in total skeletal muscle mass. Remission rates for comorbidities following BS were notable among all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietra S Rodrigues
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando M Mendonça
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João S Neves
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Luís
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- i3S (Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Telma Moreno
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Festas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pedro
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Varela
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS.UFP@RISE (Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Rede de Investigação em Saúde), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo L Costa
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Freitas
- CRIO group (Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Obesidade), São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- i3S (Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
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Tajima T, Kaga H, Someya Y, Tabata H, Naito H, Kakehi S, Ito N, Yamasaki N, Sato M, Kadowaki S, Sugimoto D, Nishida Y, Kawamori R, Watada H, Tamura Y. Low Handgrip Strength (Possible Sarcopenia) With Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae016. [PMID: 38370441 PMCID: PMC10872678 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Older adults with sarcopenic obesity are at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few East Asians have sarcopenic obesity. Since many East Asians have insulin resistance (IR) without obesity, it is possible that older East Asians with sarcopenia and IR might be at high risk for T2DM. However, this relationship has not been studied. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1629 older adults aged 65 to 84 years registered in the Bunkyo Health Study. All underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and handgrip strength measurement. Participants were classified into 4 groups by possible sarcopenia (handgrip strength <28 kg in men and <18 kg in women) and IR status (triglyceride glucose [TyG] index ≥8.79 for men and ≥8.62 for women [third quartile]). Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs for T2DM with adjustment for confounding factors. Results The mean age was 73.1 ± 5.4 years. T2DM was diagnosed in 212 (13.0%) participants. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, use of lipid-lowering medications, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, possible sarcopenia and IR were associated with T2DM, with their coexistence showing a notably stronger association (control: RR, 1.00 [Reference]; possible sarcopenia: RR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.04-2.30]; IR: RR, 2.69 [95% CI, 1.99-3.65]; and IR possible sarcopenia: RR, 4.76 [95% CI, 3.34-6.79]). Conclusion Possible sarcopenia based on low handgrip strength and IR based on the TyG index are independently associated with T2DM in older Japanese individuals. Their coexistence shows a particularly strong association with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Tajima
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Kaga
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tabata
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Naito
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Sports Medicine & Sportology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ito
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yamasaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Motonori Sato
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kadowaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugimoto
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Sports Medicine & Sportology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Sports Medicine & Sportology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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9
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Takeshita S, Nishioka Y, Tamaki Y, Kamitani F, Mohri T, Nakajima H, Kurematsu Y, Okada S, Myojin T, Noda T, Imamura T, Takahashi Y. Novel subgroups of obesity and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:124. [PMID: 38195492 PMCID: PMC10775568 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with various complications and decreased life expectancy, and substantial heterogeneity in complications and outcomes has been observed. However, the subgroups of obesity have not yet been clearly defined. This study aimed to identify the subgroups of obesity especially those for target of interventions by cluster analysis. METHODS In this study, an unsupervised, data-driven cluster analysis of 9,494 individuals with obesity (body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2) was performed using the data of ICD-10, drug, and medical procedure from the healthcare claims database. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of the complications such as diabetes in each cluster were evaluated using the prescription records. Additionally, renal and life prognoses were compared among the clusters. RESULTS We identified seven clusters characterised by different combinations of complications and several complications were observed exclusively in each cluster. Notably, the poorest prognosis was observed in individuals who rarely visited a hospital after being diagnosed with obesity, followed by those with cardiovascular complications and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified seven subgroups of individuals with obesity using population-based data-driven cluster analysis. We clearly demonstrated important target subgroups for intervention as well as a metabolically healthy obesity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Takeshita
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nishioka
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuko Tamaki
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Fumika Kamitani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takako Mohri
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakajima
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukako Kurematsu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Sadanori Okada
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoya Myojin
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Noda
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Imamura
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
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10
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Sheptulina A, Bryk D, Tsoriev T, Yafarova A, Mamutova E, Drapkina O. Clinical consequences of the sarcopenic obesity. Part 2. Cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2024; 27:60. [DOI: 10.17116/profmed20242709160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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11
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Fang M, Liu C, Liu Y, Tang G, Li C, Guo L. Association between sarcopenia with incident cardio-cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:293-301. [PMID: 37574268 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-associated skeletal muscle disease characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and function. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the associations between sarcopenia and cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). A comprehensive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from their inception to April 1st, 2023. A total of eight cross-sectional studies involving 63,738,162 participants met the inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models. The findings demonstrated a significant association between sarcopenia and an increased risk of CCVD (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18 - 1.50, I2 = 1%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that sarcopenia was associated with a 1.67-fold increase in the risk of stroke and a 1.31-fold increase in the risk of CVD. Four studies included in this review examined the association between sarcopenic obesity and the risk of CCVD, and the results revealed that sarcopenic obesity was associated with a higher risk of CCVD (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.08 - 2.49, I2 = 69%; p < 0.001). Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses consistently supported the robustness of the overall findings. In conclusion, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are significantly associated with an elevated risk of developing CCVD. However, further prospective cohort studies are warranted to validate this relationship while controlling for confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Tang
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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12
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Gross DC, Cheever CR, Batsis JA. Understanding the development of sarcopenic obesity. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:469-488. [PMID: 37840295 PMCID: PMC10842411 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2267672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity (SarcO) is defined as the confluence of reduced muscle mass and function and excess body fat. The scientific community is increasingly recognizing this syndrome, which affects a subgroup of persons across their lifespans and places them at synergistically higher risk of significant medical comorbidity and disability than either sarcopenia or obesity alone. Joint efforts in clinical and research settings are imperative to better understand this syndrome and drive the development of urgently needed future interventions. AREAS COVERED Herein, we describe the ongoing challenges in defining sarcopenic obesity and the current state of the science regarding its epidemiology and relationship with adverse events. The field has demonstrated an emergence of data over the past decade which we will summarize in this article. While the etiology of sarcopenic obesity is complex, we present data on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that are hypothesized to promote its development, including age-related changes in body composition, hormonal changes, chronic inflammation, and genetic predisposition. EXPERT OPINION We describe emerging areas of future research that will likely be needed to advance this nascent field, including changes in clinical infrastructure, an enhanced understanding of the lifecourse, and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae C. Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - C. Ray Cheever
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John A. Batsis
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Crispim Carvalho NN, Martins VJB, Filho JM, de Arruda Neta ADCP, Pimenta FCF, de Brito Alves JL. Effects of preoperative sarcopenia-related parameters on the musculoskeletal and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery: a one-year longitudinal study in females. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13373. [PMID: 37591922 PMCID: PMC10435473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced muscle mass and/or strength are risk factors for metabolic and musculoskeletal impairment. The present study evaluated anthropometric, metabolic, and musculoskeletal outcomes in females with and without sarcopenic-obesity parameters who underwent bariatric surgery during a 1-year follow-up. A prospective, single-center cohort study was conducted in females with obesity undergoing preoperative evaluation for surgery. In the preoperative period, females were allocated into obesity with sarcopenic-obesity parameters (SOP group, n = 15) and without sarcopenic-obesity parameters (obesity group, n = 21). Sarcopenic obesity parameters were defined as lower appendicular skeletal mass adjusted for weight (ASM/wt) and/or low handgrip strength (HGS). Anthropometric, metabolic, and musculoskeletal parameters were assessed before surgery and at 3 months, 6 months, and a 1-year after bariatric surgery. Weight loss was similar between groups (p > 0.05). Weight, body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, HGS were reduced in both groups during the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.05). However, when muscle mass and strength were analyzed relative to body size, an improvement after bariatric surgery was found in both groups (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and insulin resistance were reduced in both groups during the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.05). In addition, HDL-c serum concentration increased in females with and without sarcopenic-obesity parameters over the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Both groups had decreased bone mineral density (BMD) at all sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur) over the 1-year follow-up (p < 0.05). The highest quartile of ASM/wt was positively associated with BMD variables in a longitudinal analysis, suggesting that preserved ASM/wt in pre-surgery may be beneficial for BMD after 1 year of bariatric surgery. The results showed that bariatric surgery promotes similar musculoskeletal and metabolic changes in females with preserved muscle mass and strength or in females with sarcopenia-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Nóbrega Crispim Carvalho
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I - Jd. Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
- Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Vinícius José Baccin Martins
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I - Jd. Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - João Modesto Filho
- Department of Endocrinology, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I - Jd. Cidade Universitária, Joao Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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14
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Hong JH, Hong H, Choi YR, Kim DH, Kim JY, Yoon JH, Yoon SH. CT analysis of thoracolumbar body composition for estimating whole-body composition. Insights Imaging 2023; 14:69. [PMID: 37093330 PMCID: PMC10126176 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the correlation between single- and multi-slice cross-sectional thoracolumbar and whole-body compositions. METHODS We retrospectively included patients who underwent whole-body PET-CT scans from January 2016 to December 2019 at multiple institutions. A priori-developed, deep learning-based commercially available 3D U-Net segmentation provided whole-body 3D reference volumes and 2D areas of muscle, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat at the upper, middle, and lower endplate of the individual T1-L5 vertebrae. In the derivation set, we analyzed the Pearson correlation coefficients of single-slice and multi-slice averaged 2D areas (waist and T12-L1) with the reference values. We then built prediction models using the top three correlated levels and tested the models in the validation set. RESULTS The derivation and validation datasets included 203 (mean age 58.2 years; 101 men) and 239 patients (mean age 57.8 years; 80 men). The coefficients were distributed bimodally, with the first peak at T4 (coefficient, 0.78) and the second peak at L2-3 (coefficient 0.90). The top three correlations in the abdominal scan range were found for multi-slice waist averaging (0.92) and single-slice L3 and L2 (0.90, each), while those in the chest scan range were multi-slice T12-L1 averaging (0.89), single-slice L1 (0.89), and T12 (0.86). The model performance at the top three levels for estimating whole-body composition was similar in the derivation and validation datasets. CONCLUSIONS Single-slice L2-3 (abdominal CT range) and L1 (chest CT range) analysis best correlated with whole-body composition around 0.90 (coefficient). Multi-slice waist averaging provided a slightly higher correlation of 0.92.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hee Hong
- Department of Radiology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Hong
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Ra Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Yoon
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kim B, Kim G, Lee Y, Taniguchi K, Isobe T, Oh S. Triglyceride-Glucose Index as a Potential Indicator of Sarcopenic Obesity in Older People. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030555. [PMID: 36771263 PMCID: PMC9920571 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is associated with sarcopenic obesity (SO) and whether it would be a helpful indicator of SO. METHODS A total of 3821 participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected for the study group, and 4919 participants aged 20-39 years were included as a reference group. The participants were allocated to sarcopenia, obesity, and SO groups depending on if their body mass index (BMI) was ≥25 kg/m2 and their sarcopenia index was ≤1 standard deviation (SD) lower than the mean of the reference group. The sex-specific differences and trends among the participants were analyzed by using the TyG index tertiles, and appropriate cut-off values of the TyG index for SO were calculated. RESULTS As the TyG index increased, BMI increased, but the sarcopenia index decreased in both sexes. Males and females in the middle and highest tertiles of the TyG index were 1.775 and 3.369, and they were 1.993 and 3.157 times more likely to have SO, respectively. The cut-off values of the TyG index for SO in males and females were ≥8.72 and 8.67, respectively. CONCLUSION A high TyG index is positively associated with SO, and the TyG index may be considered a potential indicator of SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Kim
- Department of Anti-Ageing Health Care, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
- Future Convergence Research Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonmin Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkook Lee
- Department of Leisure Sports, Seoil University, Seoul 02192, Republic of Korea
| | - Keisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, AHRU Medical Care and Welfare Professional Training College, Tsuchiura 300-0032, Japan
| | - Tomonori Isobe
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sechang Oh
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, R Professional University of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura 300-0032, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-824-7611
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Hah YS, Lee WK, Lee S, Seo JH, Kim EJ, Choe YI, Kim SG, Yoo JI. Coumestrol attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy via AMPK-FOXO1/3 signaling. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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El Ghoch M, Rossi AP, Verde L, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Understanding sarcopenic obesity in young adults in clinical practice: a review of three unsolved questions. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:537-547. [PMID: 36533664 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.22.04784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to summarize the available literature on three yet unsolved questions, namely: 1) the dilemma surrounding definition of sarcopenic obesity (SO), especially in young adults; 2) the potential impact of this phenotype on weight-loss programme outcomes; and 3) the strategies for optimum management (prevention/treatment) of SO in clinical practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review using the PubMed/Medline database was conducted, and data were summarized based on a narrative approach. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Firstly, SO can be screened by the 30-sec sit-to-stand test; ≤25 and ≤21; and confirmed by the ratio of (appendicular lean mass/Body Mass Index) ≤0.789 and 0.512 in males and females, respectively. Secondly, SO is associated with impaired physical fitness, reduced resting energy expenditure and an inactive lifestyle, that seems to negatively impact on weight-management outcomes, namely increasing early dropout and difficulty in maintaining weight loss in the long term. Finally, prevention/treatment of SO in young adults must be realized through tailored lifestyle intervention (diet+exercise) to preserve and improve strength and muscle mass, even where weight loss is necessary. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have clinical implications since they may help in screening, managing and improving the weight-loss outcomes of patients with SO in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Arab University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Ca' Foncello ULSS2 Treviso, Treviso, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy -
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente (C.I.B.O), Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Öztorun HS, Bahşi R, Önaçan Turgut T, Mut Sürmeli D, Coşarderelioğlu Ç, Atmış V, Yalçın A, Aras S, Varlı M. What Might be More Associated with Higher or Lower Blood Pressure in Older Adults? Sarcopenia, Obesity, or Sarcopenic Obesity? A Cross-sectional Retrospective Study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRICS AND GERONTOLOGY 2022; 4:135-144. [DOI: 10.4274/ejgg.galenos.2022.2022-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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19
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Hah YS, Lee WK, Lee S, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Lee SJ, Ji YH, Kim SG, Lee HH, Hong SY, Yoo JI. β-Sitosterol Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Regulating FoxO1-Dependent Signaling in C2C12 Cell and Mice Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:2894. [PMID: 35889851 PMCID: PMC9315776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a decline in muscle mass and strength with age, causing significant impairment in the ability to carry out normal daily functions and increased risk of falls and fractures, eventually leading to loss of independence. Maintaining protein homeostasis is an important factor in preventing muscle loss, and the decrease in muscle mass is caused by an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism of muscle proteins. Although β-sitosterol has various effects such as anti-inflammatory, protective effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity, the mechanism of β-sitosterol effect on the catabolic pathway was not well known. β-sitosterol was assessed in vitro and in vivo using a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy mice model and C2C12 myoblasts. β-sitosterol protected mice from dexamethasone-induced muscle mass loss. The thickness of gastrocnemius muscle myofibers was increased in dexamethasone with the β-sitosterol treatment group (DS). Grip strength and creatine kinase (CK) activity were also recovered when β-sitosterol was treated. The muscle loss inhibitory efficacy of β-sitosterol in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotube was also verified in C2C12 myoblast. β-sitosterol also recovered the width of myotubes. The protein expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) was increased in dexamethasone-treated animal models and C2C12 myoblast, but it was reduced when β-sitosterol was treated. MuRF1 also showed similar results to MAFbx in the mRNA level of C2C12 myotubes. In addition, in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of mouse models, Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) protein was increased in the dexamethasone-treated group (Dexa) compared with the control group and reduced in the DS group. Therefore, β-sitosterol would be a potential treatment agent for aging sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sool Hah
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (J.H.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (W.K.L.); (S.L.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Won Keong Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (W.K.L.); (S.L.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Sangyeob Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (W.K.L.); (S.L.); (E.J.K.)
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (W.K.L.); (S.L.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Jung Hyeon Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Convergence of Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (Y.H.J.)
| | - Yeong Ho Ji
- Department of Convergence of Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (Y.H.J.)
| | - Sang Gon Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Group, Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-Aging Institute, Sancheong 52215, Korea; (S.G.K.); (H.-H.L.)
| | - Hyeong-Hwan Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Group, Gyeongnam Oriental Anti-Aging Institute, Sancheong 52215, Korea; (S.G.K.); (H.-H.L.)
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 PLUS), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Hong
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, NICS, RDA, Miryang 50424, Korea;
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (J.H.L.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (W.K.L.); (S.L.); (E.J.K.)
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Han P, Zhang Y, Chen X, Liang Z, Yu X, Liu Y, Sang S, Mao J, Liu J, Chen W, Li J, Cheng Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Li M, Guo Q. Poor Physical Capacity Combined With High Body Fat Percentage as an Independent Risk Factor for Incident Hypertension in Chinese Suburb-Dwelling Older Adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:875041. [PMID: 35875029 PMCID: PMC9296771 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.875041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study examined the effects of poor physical capacity and high body fat percentage (BF%) on the incidence of hypertension in Chinese suburb-dwelling older adults.MethodsThis study was conducted on 368 Chinese suburb-dwelling participants aged ≥ 60 years without hypertension (mean age: 66.74 ± 5.59 years, 48.9% men). Poor physical capacity is defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria as grip strength < 26 kg for men and < 18 kg for women or walking speed <0.8 m/s. High BF% was defined as values that are greater than the upper tertile for BF% as stratified by sex. The outcome was the incidence of hypertension.ResultsOverall, 5.7% of subjects had both poor physical capacity and high BF%. After the average follow-up duration of 2 years, the incidence of hypertension was 39.7%, and those experiencing both poor physical capacity and high BF% had the highest incidence (81.0%). After multivariate adjustments, the incidence of hypertension was associated with the combination of poor physical capacity and high BF% [odds ratio (OR) = 6.43, 95% CI = 1.91–21.64] but not solely with poor physical capacity (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.55–2.25) or only high BF% (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.80–2.34).ConclusionThe combination of poor physical capacity and high BF% can significantly increase the incidence of hypertension in Chinese suburb-dwelling older adults. For hypertension prevention, ideally, we should strive toward decreasing body fat mass while simultaneously improving physical capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwen Liang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Sang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Mao
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuxiong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhou Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Health Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Ming Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Guo
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Laube W. Teil 2: Muskeldysfunktionen – mit Training gegen Schmerz. MANUELLE MEDIZIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-022-00887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Luo Y, Jiang T, Guo H, Lv F, Hu Y, Zhang L. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture accompanied with thoracolumbar fascial injury: risk factors and the association with residual pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:343. [PMID: 35410277 PMCID: PMC8996573 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the risk factors involved in the induction of thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) injury by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF), and the association between the residual pain after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and fascial injury. Methods A total of 81 patients with single-segment OVCF, treated between January 2018 and January 2020 were included. The patients were grouped according to the existence of TLF injury. The patients’ general, clinical, and imaging data were accessed. Results There were 47 patients in the TLF group and 34 in the non-injury group (NTLF group). In the TLF group, BMI (Body mass index) was significantly lower, while the prevalence of hypertension and sarcopenia were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The vertebral compression degree was higher, and the kyphosis angle of the injured vertebra was greater in the TLF group (P < 0.05). Cobb’s angle was not significantly different between groups. At 3-d after the operation, the VAS (Visual analogue scale) was 4.64 ± 1.78 and 3.00 ± 1.71, and the ODI (Oswestry disability index) was 67.44 ± 11.37% and 56.73 ± 10.59% in TLF and NTLF group, respectively (P < 0.05). However, at 3-m after the operation, the differences in the VAS score and the ODI between groups were not statistically significant. The area of fascial edema was not significantly associated with the pre- and post-operative VAS or ODI, but was positively correlated with the vertebral body compression degree (R = 0.582, P = 0. 029). Conclusion Residual back pain after PVP is associated with TLF injury. Low BMI, hypertension and sarcopenia are risk factors of TLF injury, and sarcopenia may be the major factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Faqin Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.
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Pasdar Y, Darbandi M, Rezaeian S, Najafi F, Hamzeh B, Bagheri A. Association of Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Sarcopenic Obesity With Hypertension in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study From Ravansar, Iran During 2014-2017. Front Public Health 2022; 9:705055. [PMID: 35186858 PMCID: PMC8847445 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.705055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertension may lead to disability and death by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and dementia. This study aimed to determine the association between obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, and hypertension in adults resident in Ravansar, a city in the west of Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,021 subjects from the baseline data of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study, in the west region of Iran, from October 2014 up to February 2017. Body composition was categorized into obese, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obese, and normal based on measurements of muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass, and waist circumference. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships, using the STATA 15 software. RESULTS The mean age of the participant was 47.9 years (SD: 8.4), the body mass index (BMI) was 26.84 kg/m2 (SD: 4.44), and the prevalence of hypertension was 15.12%. The prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity were 24.37, 22.01, and 6.91%, respectively. Body composition groups had significant differences in age, total calorie intake, BMI, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle strength (P-value ≤ 0.001). In crude model, the obese (OR = 2.64; 95% CI: 2.11-3.30), sarcopenic (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.94-3.08), and sarcopenic obese (OR = 3.83; 95% CI: 2.81-5.22) groups had a higher odds of hypertension. However, in adjusted models, only the obese group had a higher likelihood of hypertension (OR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.70-2.80). CONCLUSION This study showed that obesity was associated with hypertension, whereas sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity had no significant relationship with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Singh P, Covassin N, Marlatt K, Gadde KM, Heymsfield SB. Obesity, Body Composition, and Sex Hormones: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2949-2993. [PMID: 34964120 PMCID: PMC10068688 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of death in adults, highlighting the need to develop novel strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risk. The advancing obesity epidemic is now threatening the gains in CVD risk reduction brought about by contemporary pharmaceutical and surgical interventions. There are sex differences in the development and outcomes of CVD; premenopausal women have significantly lower CVD risk than men of the same age, but women lose this advantage as they transition to menopause, an observation suggesting potential role of sex hormones in determining CVD risk. Clear differences in obesity and regional fat distribution among men and women also exist. While men have relatively high fat in the abdominal area, women tend to distribute a larger proportion of their fat in the lower body. Considering that regional body fat distribution is an important CVD risk factor, differences in how men and women store their body fat may partly contribute to sex-based alterations in CVD risk as well. This article presents findings related to the role of obesity and sex hormones in determining CVD risk. Evidence for the role of sex hormones in determining body composition in men and women is also presented. Lastly, the clinical potential for using sex hormones to alter body composition and reduce CVD risk is outlined. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-45, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Kara Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kishore M Gadde
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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25
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Liu W, Leong DP, Hu B, AhTse L, Rangarajan S, Wang Y, Wang C, Lu F, Li Y, Yusuf S, Liu L, Li W. The association of grip strength with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in people with hypertension: Findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology China Study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:629-636. [PMID: 33091627 PMCID: PMC8724607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both hypertension and grip strength (GS) are predictors of mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether these risk factors interact to affect CVD and all-cause mortality is unknown. This study sought to investigate the associations of GS with the risk of major CVD incidence, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension. METHODS GS was measured using a Jamar dynamometer (Sammons Preston, Bolingbrook, IL, USA) in participants aged 35-70 years from 12 provinces included in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology China Study. Cox frailty proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of GS and hypertension and the outcomes of all-cause mortality and CVD incidence/mortality. RESULTS Among 39,862 participants included in this study, 15,964 reported having hypertension, and 9095 had high GS at baseline. After a median follow-up of 8.9 years (interquartile range, 6.7-9.9 years), 1822 participants developed major CVD, and 1250 deaths occurred (388 as a result of CVD). Compared with normotensive participants with high GS, hypertensive patients with high GS had a higher risk of major CVD incidence (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.39; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.86-3.06; p < 0.001) or CVD mortality (HR = 3.11; 95%CI: 1.59-6.06; p < 0.001) but did not have a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.24; 95%CI: 0.92-1.68; p = 0.159). These risks were further increased if hypertensive participants whose GS level was low (major CVD incidence, HR = 3.31, 95%CI: 2.60-4.22, p < 0.001; CVD mortality, HR = 4.99, 95%CI: 2.64-9.43, p < 0.001; and all-cause mortality, HR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.47-2.53, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that low GS is associated with the highest risk of major CVD incidence, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality among hypertensive patients. High levels of GS appear to mitigate long-term mortality risk among hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Liu
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Darryl P Leong
- The Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Bo Hu
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Lap AhTse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- The Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Chuangshi Wang
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Fanghong Lu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yindong Li
- Shunyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Salim Yusuf
- The Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Lisheng Liu
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China.
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Liu D, Zhong J, Ruan Y, Zhang Z, Sun J, Chen H. The association between fat-to-muscle ratio and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:129. [PMID: 34758864 PMCID: PMC8579541 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered body composition is known to be related to abnormal metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) and metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) population. METHOD In total, 361 T2DM participants aged ≥ 18 years were included in our research. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer was applied to measure fat mass and muscle mass. FMR was calculated as body fat mass (kg) divided by muscle mass (kg). The performance of FMR to assess metabolic disorders in T2DM was conducted using ROC curves. The independent association between FMR and metabolic syndrome (MS) was tested by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The FMR was significantly higher in patients with MS than in those without MS (p < 0.001). The optimal FMR cutoff point for identifying MS was higher in females than in males (0.465 vs. 0.296, respectively). In addition, the areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) for the evaluation of MS by FMR, fat mass, muscle mass, BMI and waist circumference were further compared, indicating that the AUC of FMR (0.843) was the largest among the five variables in females, but the AUC of waist circumference (0.837) was still the largest among other variables in males. Based on the derived FMR cutoff point, patients with a high FMR exhibited more cardiometabolic risk indicators (all p < 0.05). Using a low FMR as a reference, the relative risk of a high FMR for MS was 2.861 (95% CI 1.111-7.368, p = 0.029) in males and 9.518 (95% CI 2.615-34.638, p = 0.001) in females following adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The fat-to-muscle ratio is independently and positively associated with metabolic disorders in T2DM. FMR may serve as an optimal method for screening T2DM patients coupled with a high risk of abnormal metabolism, especially in females, providing a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in Chinese type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiana Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 industrial avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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Al-Raddadi R, Al-Ahmadi J, Bahijri S, Ajabnoor GM, Jambi H, Enani S, Eldakhakhny BM, Alsheikh L, Borai A, Tuomilehto J. Gender Differences in The Factors associated with Hypertension in Non-Diabetic Saudi Adults-A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111371. [PMID: 34769893 PMCID: PMC8583204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between lifestyle practices, obesity and increased BP are under-investigated. We aimed to investigate this association to identify the factors associated with hypertension and prehypertension in Saudis. Non-diabetic adults were recruited from public healthcare centers using a cross-sectional design. Recruits were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), neck circumference (NC) and BP were measured. The variables were analyzed by comparing the prehypertensive and hypertensive groups with the normotensive group. A total of 1334 adults were included. The study found that 47.2% of men and 24.7% of women were prehypertensive, and 15.1% of men and 14.4% of women were hypertensive. High BMI, WC, NC, and WC: HC ratios were associated with an increased risk of prehypertension and hypertension in men and women. Low physical activity was associated with an increased risk of elevated BP in men, while sleep duration of ≤6 h and sitting for ≥4 h were associated with increased risk in women. Women from central Asia, southeast Asia, and those of mixed origin had a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to those from Arabian tribes. In conclusion, prehypertension and hypertension increase with age and obesity. Gender differences were apparent in the association between several lifestyle practices and prehypertension or hypertension among various ethnic/racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Al-Ahmadi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-564-370-571
| | - Ghada M. Ajabnoor
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jambi
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumia Enani
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Medhat Eldakhakhny
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Alsheikh
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 3270, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.-R.); (J.A.-A.); (G.M.A.); (H.J.); (S.E.); (B.M.E.); (L.A.); (A.B.); (J.T.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
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29
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The Critical Role of Oxidative Stress in Sarcopenic Obesity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4493817. [PMID: 34676021 PMCID: PMC8526202 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4493817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a combination of obesity and sarcopenia that primarily develops in older people. Patients with SO have high fat mass, low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical function. SO relates to metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of morbimortality. The prevalence of SO varies because of lacking consensus criteria regarding its definition and the methodological difficulty in diagnosing sarcopenia and obesity. SO includes systemic alterations such as insulin resistance, increased proinflammatory cytokines, age-associated hormonal changes, and decreased physical activity at pathophysiological levels. Interestingly, these alterations are influenced by oxidative stress, which is a critical factor in altering muscle function and the generation of metabolic dysfunctions. Thus, oxidative stress in SO alters muscle mass, the signaling pathways that control it, satellite cell functions, and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum activities. Considering this background, our objectives in this review are to describe SO as a highly prevalent condition and look at the role of oxidative stress in SO pathophysiology.
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30
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Der Muskulatur mehr Aufmerksamkeit schenken! MANUELLE MEDIZIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-021-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Siervo M, Rubele S, Shannon OM, Prado CM, Donini LM, Zamboni M, Homayounfar R, Farjam M, Faghih S, Mazidi M. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and association with metabolic syndrome in an adult Iranian cohort: The Fasa PERSIAN cohort study. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12459. [PMID: 33946126 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterised by a concomitant high fat mass (FM) and low fat free mass (FFM) leading to an increased cardio-metabolic risk. This analysis aims to estimate the SO prevalence in Iranian adults and evaluate the association of SO with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. This cross-sectional analysis included 4296 subjects (age 35-70 years, 55.2% females). Body composition parameters, measured by bioelectrical impedance included: FM, FFM, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and skeletal mass index. SO was classified according to five criteria: (1) FM%-SMI; (2) FM%-ALM/% weight (wt%); (3) FM%-ALM/body mass index (BMI); (4) Residuals of ALM and FM and (5) FM/FFM Ratio. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to explore the association between SO models with MetS risk stratified by gender. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the best FM/FFM ratio cut-off value for detecting MetS cases in males and females. The prevalence of SO varied between 4% and 26% depending upon the classification method. The prevalence of MetS was 12.8% and 31.6% in males and females, respectively. SO models based on ALM/wt% and FM/FFM ratio showed the strongest association with MetS risk in males (OR: 11.5, 95%CI: 7.5-17.7, p < 0.001 and OR: 10.1, 95%CI: 6.9-14.7, p < 0.001, respectively) and females (OR: 4.1, 95%CI: 3.0-5.6, p < 0.001 and OR: 4.6, 95%CI: 3.5-5.9, p < 0.001, respectively). SO is a prevalent condition in an adult Iranian population and the ALM/wt% and the FM/FFM ratio models of SO appeared to be associated with higher MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sofia Rubele
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Geriatrics, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Geriatrics, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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32
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Laddu D, Kim H, Phillips SA, Jun M. INERTIA: A pilot study of the impact of progressive resistance training on blood pressure control in older adults with sarcopenia. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 108:106516. [PMID: 34311098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, and high blood pressure are highly prevalent, preventable conditions that pose significant burden for older adults and on the healthcare system. Current prevention and treatment of high blood pressure in sarcopenia, by non-pharmacological approaches remain limited and are far from optimal. Clinical trials and mechanistic studies provide encouraging evidence of a plausible therapeutic effect of progressive resistance training (PRT) on blood pressure in younger, and pre-hypertensive and hypertensive older adults. The impact of PRT on blood pressure has not been empirically tested in older adults with sarcopenia. This pilot study aims to provide effect size confidence intervals, clinical trial and intervention feasibility data, and procedural materials for a full-scale randomized controlled trial that will determine the efficacy of PRT intervention as a therapeutic strategy for blood pressure control in older adults with sarcopenia. Participants (N = 90) will be randomized to receive exercise educational materials or the PRT intervention consisting of 24 supervised exercise sessions over 12-weeks. Follow-up assessments will occur at 12-weeks and one-year later. The primary outcome is systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, analyzed separately. Microvascular mechanisms linking muscle (perfusion, strength, function) to changes in blood pressure will be explored at baseline and 12-weeks. This study will provide new evidence for the therapeutic effect of PRT as a non-pharmacological strategy for improving blood pressure. Insights gained may also inform of the potential role of muscle strength as a novel target for blood pressure control, and future exercise prescription guidelines related to muscle strengthening in high-risk older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Laddu
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Room 434 (MC 898), Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Hajwa Kim
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Biostatistics Core, 914 S. Wood Street, Room 233, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Shane A Phillips
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Room 746 (MC 898), Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Ma Jun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Room 586 (MC 275), Chicago, IL 60608, United States.
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33
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Evans K, Abdelhafiz D, Abdelhafiz AH. Sarcopenic obesity as a determinant of cardiovascular disease risk in older people: a systematic review. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:831-842. [PMID: 34126036 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1942934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with body composition changes that include a reduction of muscle mass or sarcopenia and an increase in visceral obesity. Thus, aging involves a muscle-fat imbalance with a shift toward more fat and less muscle. Therefore, sarcopenic obesity, defined as a combination of sarcopenia and obesity, is a global health phenomenon due to the increased aging of the population combined with the increased epidemic of obesity. Previous studies have shown inconsistent association between sarcopenic obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). AIMS To systematically review the recent literature on the CVD risks associated with sarcopenic obesity and summarizes ways of diagnosis and prevention. METHODS A systematic review of studies that reported the association between sarcopenic obesity and CVD risk in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. RESULTS Risk factors of sarcopenic obesity included genetic factors, aging, malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle, hormonal deficiencies and other molecular changes. The muscle-fat imbalance with increasing age results in an increase in the pro-inflammatory adipokines secreted by adipocytes and a decline in the anti-inflammatory myokines secreted by myocytes. This imbalance promotes and perpetuates a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that is characteristic of sarcopenic obesity. After application of exclusion criteria, only 12 recent studies were included in this review. The recent studies have shown a consistent association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease risk although most of the studies are of cross-sectional design that does not confirm a causal relationship. In addition, most of the population studied were of Asian origin which may limit the generalizability of the results. Non-pharmacological interventions by exercise training and adequate nutrition appear to be useful in maintenance of muscle strength and muscle mass in combination with a reduction of adiposity to promote healthy aging. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenic obesity appears to increase the risk of CVD in older people; however, future prospective studies of diverse population are still required. Although non-pharmacologic interventions are useful in reducing the risk of sarcopenic obesity, novel specific pharmacologic agents are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Evans
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham UK
| | | | - Ahmed H Abdelhafiz
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham UK
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34
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Takase M, Nakamura T, Tsuchiya N, Kogure M, Itabashi F, Narita A, Hirata T, Nakaya N, Hamanaka Y, Sugawara J, Suzuki K, Fuse N, Uruno A, Kodama EN, Kuriyama S, Tsuji I, Kure S, Hozawa A. Association between the combined fat mass and fat-free mass index and hypertension: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:610-621. [PMID: 34229544 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1925681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher body fat percentage is associated with hypertension, even in non-obese individuals. The difference in body composition may be related to hypertension. The fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) are proposed indicators of body composition. This study aimed to examine the relationship of a combination of FMI and FFMI with hypertension. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 5,058 men and 11,842 women aged ≥ 20 years in the Miyagi Prefecture, northeastern Japan. The FMI and FFMI were calculated as the fat mass and fat-free mass divided by the height squared, respectively. The indices were classified into quartiles and combined into 16 groups. Hypertension was defined as casual blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and/or self-reported treatment for hypertension. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to assess the relationship of a combination of FMI and FFMI with hypertension. RESULTS Higher FMI was associated with hypertension in most of the FFMI subgroups. Similarly, a higher FFMI was associated with hypertension in most of FMI subgroups. For men, the association between FFMI and hypertension in the lowest FMI group was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the FMI and FFMI may be important in preventing hypertension. For men, the relationship between the FFMI and hypertension in the lowest FMI group might be weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takase
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naho Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumi Itabashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Feto-Maternal Medical Science, Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kichiya Suzuki
- Department of Biobank,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Public Relations and planning, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Uruno
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Eiichi N Kodama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Infection Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of wct 2Disaster Public Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of pediatrics, Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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35
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Mendham AE, Lundin-Olsson L, Goedecke JH, Micklesfield LK, Christensen DL, Gallagher IJ, Myburgh KH, Odunitan-Wayas FA, Lambert EV, Kalula S, Hunter AM, Brooks NE. Sarcopenic Obesity in Africa: A Call for Diagnostic Methods and Appropriate Interventions. Front Nutr 2021; 8:661170. [PMID: 33937309 PMCID: PMC8085278 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective aims to highlight the lack of current knowledge on sarcopenic obesity in Africa and to call for diagnostic methods and appropriate interventions. Sarcopenic obesity has been defined as obesity that occurs in combination with low muscle mass and function, which is typically evident in older adults. However, there has been no clear consensus on population-specific diagnostic criterion, which includes both gold-standard measures that can be used in a more advanced health care system, and surrogate measures that can be used in low-income settings with limited resources and funding. Importantly, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Africa are in an ongoing state of economic and social transition, which has contributed to an increase in the aging population, alongside the added burden of poverty, obesity, and associated co-morbidities. It is anticipated that alongside the increased prevalence of obesity, these countries will further experience an increase in age-related musculoskeletal diseases such as sarcopenia. The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) approach will allow clinicians and researchers to consider developmental trajectories, and the influence of the environment, for targeting high-risk individuals and communities for treatment and/or prevention-based interventions that are implemented throughout all stages of the life course. Once a valid and reliable diagnostic criterion is developed, we can firstly assess the prevalence and burden of sarcopenic obesity in LMICs in Africa, and secondly, develop appropriate and sustainable interventions that target improved dietary and physical activity behaviors throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mendham
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity and Lifestyle Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Julia H Goedecke
- Health through Physical Activity and Lifestyle Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity and Lifestyle Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dirk L Christensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn H Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Feyisayo A Odunitan-Wayas
- Health through Physical Activity and Lifestyle Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Health through Physical Activity and Lifestyle Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sebastiana Kalula
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Angus M Hunter
- Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi E Brooks
- Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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36
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Chung GE, Park HE, Lee H, Kim MJ, Choi SY, Yim JY, Yoon JW. Sarcopenic Obesity Is Significantly Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:651961. [PMID: 33855037 PMCID: PMC8039284 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.651961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease has been suggested. We investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and coronary atherosclerosis, taking into account the presence or absence of obesity in a health check-up population. Methods: Data were reviewed for subjects who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and coronary calcium scoring (CAC) computed tomography between January 2017 and December 2018. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was assessed using BIA. Sarcopenia was defined as reduction of muscle mass and calculated as ASM% (ASM/body weight) more than two standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for healthy young adults. CAC scores were dichotomized as low (<100) or high (≥100). Results: Among 1,282 subjects (mean age, 58.1 years; 75.5% male), the prevalence of high CAC was 21%. When the study population was divided into four groups according to their obesity and sarcopenia status, the prevalence of high CAC in the sarcopenic-obesity (SO) group was significantly higher than in the other groups (40.7%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and creatinine, subjects with SO exhibited a significantly higher odds of a high CAC score, compared with the non-sarcopenic, non-obese group (odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–3.18, P = 0.011). Conclusion: SO was significantly associated with CAC, independent of known risk factors for coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that sarcopenia and obesity may potentiate each other to increase atherosclerotic burden in coronary arteries, which may eventually lead to adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goh Eun Chung
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heesun Lee
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Yim
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
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37
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Alkahtani S, Aljuhani O, Alhussain M, Habib SS. Association between physical activity patterns and sarcopenia in Arab men. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520918694. [PMID: 32314627 PMCID: PMC7175057 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520918694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the association between physical activity patterns and sarcopenia in Arab men. Methods This cross-sectional study included 363 men (47.7 ± 15.4 years). We analyzed appendicular lean mass (ALM), handgrip strength test, and physical activity levels. ALM divided by height (meters) squared was calculated (ALM/Ht 2 ), and participants with −1 and −2 standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for Saudi young adults were considered to have sarcopenia class I and class II, respectively. Independent t-tests, analysis of variance, and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to determine mean and median differences. Results We observed a significant difference between participants with and without sarcopenia in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); the correlation between ALM/H2 and MVPA was borderline significant. With a 1-hour/week increase in MVPA, ALM/Ht 2 increased by 0.30 kg/m2. Total and ALM, handgrip strength, and MVPA were significantly lower in participants age >60 years; fat mass and waist circumference were unchanged as compared with middle-aged participants. Conclusions We identified an association between time spent in recreational MVPA and lean muscle mass among Arab men. Future studies should examine the role of MVPA training programs on muscle mass and strength in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaea Alkahtani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Aljuhani
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alhussain
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shahid Habib
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Kim KW, Baek MO, Yoon MS, Son KH. Deterioration of mitochondrial function in the human intercostal muscles differs among individuals with sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2697-2706. [PMID: 33933735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO) increases the risk of mortality more than sarcopenia or obesity alone. Sarcopenia weakens the peripheral and respiratory muscles, leading to respiratory complications. It also induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the peripheral muscle; however, whether mitochondrial dysfunction in respiratory muscles differs among individuals with obesity, sarcopenia, and SO remains unknown. We evaluated the deterioration of respiratory muscle strength and mitochondrial function among normal, sarcopenia, obesity, and SO subjects. METHODS Twenty-five patients who underwent lung resections were enrolled between April 2017 and January 2021, and their intercostal muscles were harvested. Based on their L3 muscle index and visceral fat area, the patients were divided into four groups (normal, obesity, sarcopenia, and SO). The clinical data, mRNA expression, and protein expressions associated with mitochondrial biogenesis/fusion/fission in the intercostal muscles were compared among the four groups. RESULTS The respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). The PEFR values of the four groups were not significantly different. The levels of pAkt/Akt and mTOR (a marker of protein synthesis) were not significantly different among the four groups; however, those in the SO group were substantially lower than those in the sarcopenia or obesity groups. The levels of Atrogen-1 and MuRF1 (a marker of protein degradation) were not significantly different among the four groups; however, those in the SO group were substantially higher than those in the sarcopenia or obesity groups. Expression of PGC1-α (a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis) in the SO group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. MFN1 and MFN2 (marker of mitochondrial fusion) levels were significantly lower in the SO group than those in the normal group. DRP1 (a marker of mitochondrial fission) level in the SO group was substantially lower than that in the normal group. The expression of TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) in the SO group was substantially lower than that in the normal group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the deterioration of protein synthesis and degradation of mitochondrial function in the respiratory muscles was most prominent in the SO before the weakening of the respiratory muscles. The deterioration mechanism may differentially regulate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, South Korea.
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Ata AM, Kara M, Ekiz T, Kara Ö, Culha MA, Ricci V, Koyuncu EG, Özcan F, Kaymak B, Özçakar L. Reassessing Sarcopenia in Hypertension: STAR and ACE Inhibitors Excel. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13800. [PMID: 33108697 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and sarcopenia are commonly seen in older adults. The renin-angiotensin system and the therapeutic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been on the agenda of sarcopenia in different perspectives. Our aim was to explore the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with hypertension and to investigate the association between the use of ACE inhibitors and sarcopenia. METHODS A total of 272 community-dwelling adults were recruited. Anterior thigh muscle thickness was measured by ultrasound. Handgrip strength, gait speed, and chair stand test were evaluated. Low muscle mass was diagnosed in the presence of low sonographic thigh adjustment ratio (STAR) values and sarcopenia was diagnosed if low STAR values were coupled with low functional tests. RESULTS 136 subjects (50.0%) had no comorbid disease; 102 (37.5%) had one, 21 (7.7%) had two, nine (3.3%) had three and four (1.5%) had four comorbid diseases. Both low muscle mass (41.9% vs 13.2%) and sarcopenia (32.2% vs 7.8%) were more commonly seen in hypertensive when compared with normotensive older adults. Subgroup analysis of older adults with hypertension revealed that sarcopenia was less prevalent (P = .003) in patients using ACE inhibitors (8.7%) than those using angiotensin II receptor blockers (48.7%) and other antihypertensive drugs (46.4%). After binary logistic regression analyses; only the presence of hypertension seemed to independently predict the development of sarcopenia in older adults [OR = 6.5 (95% CI: 2.4-17.8, P < .001)]. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in hypertensive older adults. Amongst many antihypertensive medications, ACE inhibitors seem to have favourable effects on both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Merve Ata
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Bursa Doctor Ayten Bozkaya Spastic Children Hospital and Rehabilitation Center, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Murat Kara
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Timur Ekiz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Türkmenbaşi Medical Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kara
- Geriatrics Unit, Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Culha
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Esra Gizem Koyuncu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fırat Özcan
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bayram Kaymak
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Sarcopenic Obesity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-The Union of Two Culprits. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020119. [PMID: 33557355 PMCID: PMC7914533 DOI: 10.3390/life11020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease among all ages and ethnicities. Metabolic disorders, such as obesity and insulin resistance, are closely associated with sarcopenia and NAFLD. Sarcopenic obesity is a clinical disorder characterized by the simultaneous loss of skeletal muscle and gain of adipose tissue. It is associated with worse outcomes in individuals with NAFLD. It is projected that NAFLD and sarcopenia will rise as the prevalence of obesity continues to increase at an unparallel rate. Recently, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity have gained considerable interest, but we still lack a well-defined definition and a management approach. Therefore, it is imperative to continue shining the light on this topic and better understand the underlying mechanism as well as treatment options. In this review article, we aimed to address the pathophysiology, impact, and outcomes of sarcopenic obesity on NAFLD.
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Liu D, Zhong J, Wen W, Ruan Y, Zhang Z, Sun J, Chen H. Relationship Between Skeletal Muscle Mass to Visceral Fat Area Ratio and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3733-3742. [PMID: 34471365 PMCID: PMC8403572 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s326195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Either visceral fat or muscle mass is identified to be correlated with cardiometabolic diseases, especially in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). But, the synergistical effect of visceral fat along with skeletal muscle on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in T2DM still remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the relationship between skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SVR) and 10-yr CVD risk scores. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 291 T2DM patients aged 40-80 years were enrolled in the current study. SVR was evaluated based on bioelectrical impedance measurements. Both Framingham risk score system and China-PAR risk model were applied to estimate future 10-yr CVD risk in T2DM population. RESULTS The 10-yr CVD risk scores increased with the decreased SVR tertiles in T2DM (All P<0.001). SVR value was obviously lower in the high-risk group than that of low- or moderate-risk group (All P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in BMI among different CVD risk groups. Besides, SVR was correlated with Framingham risk score (r=-0.408; P<0.001) and China-PAR risk score (r=-0.336; P<0.001). HOMA-IR, triglycerides and blood pressure were also inversely related to SVR (All P<0.05). Furthermore, SVR value was independently correlated with both Framingham 10-yr CVD risk score (β=-0.074, P=0.047) and China-PAR risk score (β=-0.100, P=0.004) after adjustment for confounding factors, including age, gender, BMI, FPG, HbA1c, diabetes duration, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, smoking, blood pressure and blood lipid. The linear regression analysis was also conducted for men and women, respectively, indicating that the negative relationship between SVR and 10-yr CVD risk was observed in men but not in women. CONCLUSION T2DM populations who have lower SVR value are more likely to increase CVD risk. SVR levels show marked and inverse correlation with estimated 10-yr CVD risk in T2DM, indicating that SVR could be a valuable parameter to assess the risk of CVD events in clinical practice, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiana Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiheng Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Ruan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hong Chen; Jia Sun Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13602759769; +86 13751822925 Email ;
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Park SH, Kim DJ, Plank LD. Association of grip strength with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: investigation of the roles of insulin resistance and inflammation as mediators. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1401-1409. [PMID: 32152511 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the association between muscle weakness and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and whether the association is partly explained by insulin resistance or inflammation. SUBJECTS/METHODS Subjects were 3922 adults who participated in the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Relative grip strength (rGS; calculated as maximal grip strength divided by BMI) was used to predict NAFLD defined by NAFLD liver fat score. Participants were classified into four groups according to the quartiles of rGS distribution (Q1-Q4). Insulin resistance was assessed by triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index. Inflammation was measured with C-reactive protein (CRP). Fibrosis was assessed by the Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and the NAFLD fibrosis score. RESULTS rGS had significant negative associations with TyG index and CRP (all p < 0.001). rGS was a significant predictor of NAFLD (OR, 0.54-0.19 in Q2-Q4 men; OR, 0.54-0.08 in Q2-Q4 women, all p < 0.001). Adjustment for other participant factors did not substantially affect the results. Addition of TyG index changed the estimates for NAFLD slightly and addition of CRP increased the ORs by 10-20% in Q3-Q4 women. In the subpopulation with NAFLD (n = 946), rGS showed strong inverse relationships with FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis score (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Grip strength was inversely associated not only with the risk of NAFLD but also with its severity. Insulin resistance and inflammation explained only a small portion of the association between grip strength and NAFLD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ha Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Dysregulated Autophagy Mediates Sarcopenic Obesity and Its Complications via AMPK and PGC1α Signaling Pathways: Potential Involvement of Gut Dysbiosis as a Pathological Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186887. [PMID: 32961822 PMCID: PMC7555990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SOB), which is closely related to being elderly as a feature of aging, is recently gaining attention because it is associated with many other age-related diseases that present as altered intercellular communication, dysregulated nutrient sensing, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Along with insulin resistance and inflammation as the core pathogenesis of SOB, autophagy has recently gained attention as a significant mechanism of muscle aging in SOB. Known as important cellular metabolic regulators, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathways play an important role in autophagy, inflammation, and insulin resistance, as well as mutual communication between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Furthermore, AMPK and PGC-1α signaling pathways are implicated in the gut microbiome-muscle axis. In this review, we describe the pathological link between SOB and its associated complications such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disease, falls and fractures, osteoarthritis, pulmonary disease, and mental health via dysregulated autophagy controlled by AMPK and/or PGC-1α signaling pathways. Here, we propose potential treatments for SOB by modulating autophagy activity and gut dysbiosis based on plausible pathological links.
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Critical appraisal of definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity based on a systematic review. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2368-2388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue with prevalence increasing worldwide. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for CVD and mortality in adult populations. However, the impact of being overweight or obese in the elderly on CVD and mortality is controversial. Some studies even suggest that overweight and obesity, measured by BMI, are apparently associated with a decreased mortality risk (known as the obesity paradox). Ageing is associated with an increase in visceral fat and a progressive loss of muscle mass. Fat mass is positively associated and lean mass is negatively associated with risk of mortality. Therefore, in older adults BMI is not a good indicator of obesity. Sarcopenia has been defined as the degenerative loss of muscle mass, quality and strength with age and is of major concern in ageing populations. Sarcopenia has previously been associated with increased risks of metabolic impairment, cardiovascular risk factors, physical disability and mortality. It is possible for sarcopenia to co-exist with obesity, and sarcopenic obesity is a new class of obesity in older adults who have high adiposity levels together with low muscle mass, quality or strength. Therefore, sarcopenia with obesity may act together to increase their effect on metabolic disorders, CVD and mortality. This review will discuss the available evidence for the health implications of sarcopenic obesity on CVD and mortality in older adults.
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Down-regulation of lncRNA MALAT1 alleviates vascular lesion and vascular remodeling of rats with hypertension. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:5192-5205. [PMID: 31343412 PMCID: PMC6682528 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Recently, the effect of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hypertension (HTN) has been identified. This study aims to explore the expression of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in HTN and its role in vascular lesion and remodeling of HTN rats. Results: LncRNA MALAT1 expression was up-regulated in HTN patients, and lncRNA MALAT1 could be an effective index of HTN diagnosis. Down-regulated MALAT1 and inhibited Notch-1 could reduce relative factor expression, including inflammation-related factors, endothelial function-related factors and oxidative stress-related factors, and inhibit apoptosis of aortic endothelial cells of HTN rats. Methods: LncRNA MALAT1 expression in HTN patients and healthy controls was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced HTN rat models were injected with MALAT1-siRNA, empty lentivirus vector, Notch pathway inhibitor (DAPT) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) via caudal vein. After three-week treatment, changes of blood pressure, inflammatory factor levels, endothelial function-related factors, oxidative stress indices and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells were determined by a series of assays. Conclusion: This study revealed that down-regulated lncRNA MALAT1 could alleviate the vascular lesion and remodeling of HTN rats, the mechanism may be related to the inhibited activation of Notch signaling pathway.
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Miyagami T, Yokokawa H, Fujibayashi K, Fukuda H, Hisaoka T, Naito T. Assessing lifestyle-related diseases with body and muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2020; 6:27-32. [PMID: 32226830 PMCID: PMC7093684 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the correlation between imbalance of muscle mass to body weight and lifestyle-related diseases using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) among Japanese population. Methods This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted at Juntendo University Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, from May 2015 to November 2017. Their muscle-to-weight ratio were stratified into “muscle-to-weight ratio” quartiles as follows: men, Q1 (≥0.79), Q2 (0.75 to <0.79), Q3 (0.72 to <0.75), and Q4 (<0.72); women, Q1 (≥0.73), Q2 (0.68 to <0.73), Q3 (0.63 to <0.68), and Q4 (<0.63). The primary outcome was prevalence of ≥2 lifestyle-related diseases, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia. Results Data from 2009 individuals (men, 55%; mean age, 62 years) were analyzed. Compared to the lowest quartile, risk for the presence of ≥2 lifestyle-related diseases, in a multivariable regression model for men was as follows: Q2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–2.87), Q3 (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.89–4.29), and Q4 (OR, 6.00; 95% CI, 4.07–8.84). For women, an increased risk was seen in Q2 (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.20–4.46), Q3 (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 2.40–8.26), and Q4 (OR, 12.6; 95% CI, 6.80–23.5). Cutoff values of muscle-to-weight ratio correlated with lifestyle-related diseases (≥2) were 0.76 for men and 0.68 for women. Conclusions Our results showed that an imbalance of muscle mass to body weight confers an independent and stepwise increased risk for lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiju Miyagami
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohide Yokokawa
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujibayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Hisaoka
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Shi J, Yang Z, Niu Y, Zhang W, Lin N, Li X, Zhang H, Gu H, Wen J, Ning G, Qin L, Su Q. Large thigh circumference is associated with lower blood pressure in overweight and obese individuals: a community-based study. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:271-278. [PMID: 32247281 PMCID: PMC7159266 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A small thigh circumference is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and total mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between thigh circumference and hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly population. METHODS A total of 9520 individuals aged 40 years and older with measurement of thigh circumference were available for analysis. The measurement of thigh circumference was performed directly below the gluteal fold of the thigh. The association of thigh circumference with hypertension was tested in logistic regression analyses and reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. RESULTS Thigh circumference was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol. Compared with the lowest thigh circumference tertile group, the risk of hypertension was significantly lower in the highest tertile group, both in overweight individuals (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.59-0.79, P < 0.001) and obese individuals (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.38-0.70, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In the present study, large thigh circumference is associated with lower risk of hypertension in overweight and obese Chinese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Yang or L Qin or Q Su: or or
| | - Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Yang or L Qin or Q Su: or or
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Yang or L Qin or Q Su: or or
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Khadra D, Itani L, Chebaro Y, Obeid M, Jaber M, Ghanem R, Ayton A, Kreidieh D, Masri DE, Kimura A, Tannir H, El Ghoch M. Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2020; 16:153-162. [PMID: 32056530 PMCID: PMC7460704 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x16666200214104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two decades, a new phenotype termed Sarcopenic Obesity (SO), in which sarcopenia and obesity coexist, has emerged. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was first to assess the prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (Mets) among individuals with and without SO, and second, to determine if SO may increase the relative risk of Mets. METHODS This study was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the data were collated by means of metaanalysis and narrative synthesis. RESULTS Twelve studies including a total of 11,308 adults with overweight or obesity of both genders met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing two main findings. First, a similar overall prevalence of Mets in individuals with SO (61.49%; 95% CI: 52.19-70.40) when compared to those without SO (56.74%; 95% CI: 47.32-65.93) was identified. Second, the presence of SO appears not to increase the risk of Mets with respect to those without SO (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.99- 1.17, p = 0.07). CONCLUSION No higher prevalence of Mets among individuals with SO when compared to those with obesity only, nor a significant association between SO and a higher risk of Mets was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences; Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020 Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon; Tel: +961 1 300110; Ext: 2332; E-mails: ;
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An KO, Kim J. Associations between Handgrip Strength with Adverse Cardiometabolic Health among Representative Korean Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010269. [PMID: 31906011 PMCID: PMC6981938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reduced muscle mass and strength are notable features of aging. Loss of muscle mass contributes to cardiometabolic health. Although many studies have focused on skeletal muscle mass, it remains unclear whether muscle strength is beneficial for cardiometabolic health. We aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength and the risk of adverse cardiometabolic health in middle-aged and older adults in the Korean general population. The study participants included 7602 adults from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES). The odds ratio for adverse cardiometabolic health significantly and linearly decreased according to the category of handgrip strength adjusted for potential confounding factors (p-Value < 0.05). In the stratified models by sex we also observed significant associations between handgrip strength and cardiometabolic health in men (p-Value < 0.001), but not in women. Our findings suggest that maintaining higher handgrip strength may contribute to improved cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Ok An
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea;
| | - Junghoon Kim
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Laboratory, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
- Correspondence:
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