Heavily calcified gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Pathophysiology and implications of a rare clinicopathologic entity

Table 1 Selected features of the reported cases of extensively calcified gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Ref.	Year	Age, sex	Site	Size (mm)	Mitotic index(HPF)	IHC pattern	Calcification pattern	Clinical presentation	Risk1
Izawa et al[20]	2012	61 yr, female	Stomach	32 × 23 × 23	< 5/50	KIT+, CD34+, S-100-, desmin-, SMA-	Peripheral ring	Epigastric discomfort	Low
Kim et al[17]	2012	53 yr, male	Stomach	80 × 75 × 50	< 5/50	KIT+, CD34+, S-100-, desmin-, SMA- KIT+, CD34+, S-100-, desmin-, SMA-	Extensively calcified	Epigastric pain	Intermediate
				62 × 55 × 42
		69 yr, female	Stomach		< 5/50		Extensively calcified	Epigastric pain	Intermediate
Yu et al[21]	2011	81 yr, female	Stomach	60	< 5/50	KIT+, CD34+, S-100-, desmin-	Semicircular plate	Abdominal pain, hematemesis	Intermediate
Ong et al[18]	2006	94 yr, female	Rectum	25 × 15 × 15	< 5/50	KIT+, CD34+, S-100-, desmin-	Entirely	Rectal bleeding	Low
Yoshida et al[22]	2005	77 yr, male	Stomach	28 × 26 × 26	< 5/50	KIT+, CD34+, vimentin+, S-100-, desmin-, SMA-	Patchy	Chest discomfort, loss of consciousness	Low
Testroote et al[23]	2007	53 yr, male	Rectum	31 × 23 × 18	< 5/50	KIT+, CD34+, SMA focally positive	Entirely	Abdominal pain, constipation	Low
Rana et al[19]	2006	62 yr, female	Colon	39 × 56	NA	KIT+, CD34+	Multiple shadowing	Abdominal pain	NA

¹Risk is expressed according to the modified NIH classification system[15]. HPF: High-power field; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; N/A: Not applicable.