Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2016; 8(11): 757-771
Published online Nov 15, 2016. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i11.757
Table 1 Studies overview
Ref.YearCountryStudy designSurgical techniquePlatformNo. of pts RobotNo. of pts LapNo. of pts Open
Park et al[8]2015South KoreaComparativeHybridDV13384
Levic et al[9]2014DenmarkComparativeNSDV5636
Yoo et al[10]2014South KoreaComparativeTot robNS4426
Koh et al[11]2014SingaporeComparativeNSNS1919
Melich et al[12]2014CanadaComparativeTot robDV92106
Barnajian et al[13]2014United StatesComparativeHybridDV-S202020
Ielpo et al[14]2014SpainComparativeTot robNS5687
Tam et al[15]2014United StatesComparativeHybridDV2121
Ghezzi et al[16]2014BrazilComparativeTot robDV-S65109
Kuo et al[17]2014TaiwanComparativeTot robDV3628
Park et al[18]2014South KoreaComparativeHybridDV3232
Saklani et al[19]2013South KoreaComparativeNSNS7464
Fernandez et al[20]2013United StatesComparativeHybridDV-S1359
Erguner et al[21]2013TurkeyComparativeHybridNS2737
D’Annibale et al[22]2013ItalyComparativeTot robDV-S5050
Kang et al[23]2013South KoreaComparativeTot robNS165165165
Park et al[24]2013South KoreaComparativeHybridDV4040
Kim et al[25]2012South KoreaComparativeTot robDV62147
Kim et al[26]2012South KoreaComparativeHybridDV3039
Bertani et al[27]2011ItalyComparativeTot robDV5234
Kwak et al[28]2011South KoreaComparativeTot robDV5959
Baek et al[29]2011United StatesComparativeNSNS4141
Park et al[30]2011South KoreaComparativeHybridDV5212388
Patriti et al[31]2009ItalyComparativeHybridDV2937
Baik et al[32]2008South KoreaComparativeHybridDV1818
Pigazzi et al[33]2006United StatesComparativeHybridDV66
Parisi et al[34]2014ItalyCase seriesHybridDV Si40
Baek et al[35]2014South KoreaCase seriesNSNS182
Shiomi et al[36]2014JapanCase seriesHybridDV113
Kim et al[37]2014South KoreaCase seriesTot robDV-S200
Stănciulea et al[38]2013RomaniaCase seriesTot robDV-Si100
Zawadzki et al[39]2013United StatesCase seriesHybridDV77
Sng et al[40]2013South KoreaCase seriesTot robDV-S197
Du et al[41]2013ChinaCase seriesTot robDV22
Alimoglu et al[42]2012TurkeyCase seriesTot robDV7
Akmal et al[43]2012United StatesCase seriesHybridDV80
Park et al[44]2012United StatesCase seriesHybridDV-S30
Kang et al[45]2011South KoreaCase seriesHybridDV389
deSouza et al[46]2010United StatesCase seriesHybridDV44
Pigazzi et al[47]2010United StatesCase seriesHybridDV143
Choi et al[48]2009South KoreaCase seriesTot robDV50
Ng et al[49]2009SingaporeCase seriesHybridDV8
Hellan et al[50]2007United StatesCase seriesHybridDV39
Table 2 Demographics and preoperative data
Ref.M/FAgeBMIASA
Preop CHTType of operation
1234ARLARULARAPR
Park et al[8]86/4759.2 (32-86)23.1 (14.6-32.8)943180151003300
Levic et al[9]34/2265 (23-83)24.8 (16-34.5)173540150411015
Yoo et al[10]35/959.77 (+ 12.33)24.13 (+ 3.33)2617102400440
Koh et al[11]15/462 (47-92)-51400800172
Melich et al[12]52/4060 (57.7-62.2)23.1 (22.5-23.7)1 (1-3)1309200
Barnajian et al[13]12/862 (44-82)22 (18-31)041601001505
Ielpo et al[14]25/3143.4 (+ 11)22.8 (+ 2.5)113211046040115
Tam et al[15]10/1160 (41-73)25 (20-37)____1811145
Ghezzi et al[16]41/246124.71249404704411102
Kuo et al[17]21/1555.9 (30-89)-033302800360
Park et al[18]32/0-23.8----15 (+ RT)02291
Saklani et al[19]50/2459.6 (32-85)23.4 (16.9-29.8)50240074046262
Fernandez et al[20]13/067.9 (+ 2.1)-00112100508
Erguner et al[21]14/1354 (24-78)28.3 (19.8-30.8)----402700
D’Annibale et al[22]30/2066 (+ 12.1)-----34 (+ RT)173300
Kang et al[23]104/6161.2 (+ 11.4)23.1 (+ 2.8)1095600391653000
Park et al[24]41/215624.23328109051101
Kim et al[25]28/1257.323.9279403200400
Kim et al[26]18/1254.13 (+ 8.52)24.36 (+ 2.4)2910010291300
Bertani et al[27]31/2159.6 (+ 11.6)24.8 (+ 3.62)4932405200
Kwak et al[28]39/2060 (53-68)23.3 (21.8-25.2)2827408 (RT)05450
Baek et al[29]25/1663.6 (48-87)-0182213303326
Park et al[30]28/2457.323.721265012 (+ RT)52000
Patriti et al[31]11/1868242131407 (+ RT)29000
Baik et al[32]14/457.3 (37-79)22.8 (19.4-31.7)12600-18000
Pigazzi et al[33]2/460 (42-78)31 (25-36)024020600
Parisi et al[34]19/2167 (39-86)25.22 (18.36-33.20)2014601703505
Baek et al[35]117/6557.6 (26-78)23.4 (14.8-30.5)111656050018200
Shiomi et al[36]78/3564 (23-84)23.4 (16.7-30.6)39740031171238
Kim et al[37]134/6658.1523.85----43020000
Stănciulea et al[38]66/3462 (32-84)26 (16.4-38)----583039823
Zawadzki et al[39]45/3260.1 (34-82)28 (18-43)6215048068900
Sng et al[40]131/6660 (20-89)23.5 (16.9-33.1)11771905431265513
Du et al[41]14/856.4 (+ 7.8)22.5 (+ 2.1)-----02200
Alimoglu et al[42]5/252.9 (32-88)-----40007
Akmal et al[43]50/3060.35 (24-85)27.2 (18-44)037394620402119
Park et al[44]16/145827.60121802005196
Kang et al[45]252/13759 (26-86)-28010720723821306
deSouza et al[46]28/1663-4271303103068
Pigazzi et al[47]87/5662 (26-87)26.5 (16.5-44)005793 (+ RT)08032310
Choi et al[48]32/1858.5 (30-82)23.2 (19.4-29.2)2719403 (+ RT)04082
Ng et al[49]5/355 (42-80)------2060
Hellan et al[50]21/1858 (26-84)26 (16-44)001733022116
Table 3 Operative data
Ref.PatientsMesorectumTechniqueMean operative time (min)EBL (mL)Conversion to open (%)Stoma (%)
Park et al[8]133RMEHybrid205.7 (109-505)77.6 (0-700)0 (0)29 (21.8)
84LMETot lap208.8 (94-407)82.3 (0-1100)6 (7.1)20 (23.8)
Levic et al[9]56RMENS247 (135-111)150 (0-400)13 (5.4)31 (55.3)
36LMESP295 (108-465)135 (0-400)10 (0)9 (25)
Yoo et al[10]44RMETot rob316.43 (+ 65.11)239.77 (+ 278.61)0 (0)44 (100)
26LMETot lap286.77 (+ 51.46)215.38 (+ 247.29)0 (0)26 (100)
Koh et al[11]19RMENS390 (289-771)1-1 (5.2)17 (89)
19LMEHAL225 (130-495)1-5 (26.3)0 (0)
Melich et al[12]92RMETot rob285 (266-305)201 (165-237)1 (1.1)-
106LMETot lap262 (252-272)232 (191-272)4 (3.8)-
Barnajian et al[13]20RMEHybrid240 (150-540)1125 (50-650)10 (0)11 (55)
20LMETot lap180 (140-480)1175 (50-900)12 (10.5)11 (55)
20OMEOpen240 (115-475)1250 (50-800)1na12 (60)
Ielpo et al[14]56RMETot rob309 (150-540)280 (0-4000)2 (3.5)28 (50)
87LMETot lap252 (180-420)240 (0-4000)10 (11.5)53 (60.9)
Tam et al[15]21RMEHybrid274.8 (189-449)252.6 (30-2000)1 (4.7)13 (62)
21LMETot lap236.3 (171-360)271.4 (50-1200)0 (0)11 (52)
Ghezzi et al[16]65RMETot rob299 (+ 58)0 (0-175)11 (1.5)51 (91.1)
109OMEOpen207 (+ 56.5)150 (0-400)1na66 (63.3)
Kuo et al[17]36RMENS485.8 (315-720)80 (30-200)0 (0)7 (19.4)
28LMETot lap374.3 (210-570)103.6 (30-250)0 (0)13 (46.4)
Park et al[18]32RMEHybrid---3 (9.4)
32LMETot lap---3 (9.4)
Saklani et al[19]74RMENS365.2 (150-710)180 (0-1100)1 (1.4)53 (71.6)
64LMETot lap311.6 (180-530)210 (0-1200)4 (6.3)35 (54.7)
Fernandez et al[20]13RMEHybrid528 (416-700)1157 (50-550)11 (8)-
59LMEHAL344 (183-735)1200 (25-1500)110 (17)-
Erguner et al[21]27RMEHybrid280 (175-480)50 (20-100)0 (0)19 (70.3)
37LMETot lap190 (110-300)125 (50-400)0 (0)13 (35.1)
D’Annibale et al[22]50RMETot rob270 (240-315)1-0 (0)-
50LMETot lap280 (240-350)1-6 (12)-
Kang et al[23]165RMETot rob309.7 (+ 115.2)133 (+ 192.3)1 (0.6)41 (25)
165LMETot lap277.8 (+ 81.9)140.1 (+ 216.4)3 (1.8)43 (27.2)
165OMEOpen252.6 (+ 88.1)275.4 (+ 368.4)na47 (31.8)
Kim et al[25]62RMETot rob390 (+ 97)-3 (4.8)22 (35.5)
147LMETot lap285 (+ 80)-5 (3.4)34 (23.1)
Park et al[24]40RMEHybrid235.5 (+ 57.5)45.7 (+ 40)0 (0)14 (35)
40LMETot lap185.4 (+ 72.8)59.2 (+ 35.8)0 (0)6 (15)
Kim et al[26]30RMEHybrid----
39LMETot lap----
Bertani et al[27]52RMETot rob260 (190-570)100 (50-1000)--
34OMETot lap164 (100-350)120 (50-2000)--
Kwak et al[28]59RMETot rob270 (241-325)1-0 (0)25 (42.4)
59LMETot lap228 (177-254)1-2 (3.4)26 (44.1)
Baek et al[29]41RMENS296 (150-520)200 (20-2000)13 (7.3)33 (94.3)
41LMENS315 (174-584)300 (17-1000)19 (22)14 (40)
Park et al[30]52RMEHybrid232.6 (+ 54.2)-0 (0)1 (1.9)
123LMETot lap158.1 (+ 49.2)-0 (0)5 (4.1)
88OMEOpen233.8 (+ 59.2)-na4 (4.5)
Patriti et al[31]29RMEHybrid202 (+ 12)137.4 (+ 156)0 (0)0 (0)
37LMETot lap208 (+ 7)127 (+ 169)7 (19)0 (0)
Baik et al[32]18RMEHybrid217.1 (149-315)-0 (0)-
18LMETot lap204.3 (114-297)-2 (11)-
Pigazzi et al[33]6RMEHybrid264 (192-318)104 (50-200)0 (0)-
6LMETot lap258 (198-312)150 (50-300)0 (0)-
Parisi et al[34]40RMEHybrid340 (235-460)150 (20-250)10 (0)22 (55)
Baek et al[35]182RMENS----
Shiomi et al[36]113RMEHybrid302 (135-683)117 (0-690)10 (0)-
Kim et al[37]200RMETot rob308.3-1 (0.5)9 (4.5)
Stănciulea et al[38]100RMETot rob-150 (0-250)14 (4)64 (64)
Zawadzki et al[39]77RMEHybrid327 (178-510)1189 (30-1000)13 (3.9)53 (69)
Sng et al[40]197RMETot rob278.7 (145-515)< 50 (50-1500)10 (0)-
Du et al[41]22RMETot rob220 (152-286)33 (10-70)0 (0)-
Alimoglu et al[42]7RMETot rob--0 (0)-
Akmal et al[43]80RMEHybrid303.5-4 (5)46 (57.5)
Park et al[44]30RMEHybrid369 (306-410)1100 (75-200)1--
Kang et al[45]389RMEHybrid322.35-3 (0.7)93 (24)
deSouza et al[46]44RMEHybrid347 (155-510)1150 (50-1000)1-34 (77.2)
Pigazzi et al[47]143RMEHybrid297 (90-660)283 (0-6000)7 (4.9)71 (50)
Choi et al[48]50RMET Tot rob304.8 (190-485)-0 (0)16 (32)
Ng et al[49]8RMEHybrid278.7 (145-515)-0 (0)6 (75)
Hellan et al[50]39RMEHybrid285 (180-540)1200 (25-6000)11 (2.5)4 (10.2)
Table 4 Postop data
Ref.PtsMesorectumFlatus (POD)Liquid diet (POD)Solid diet (POD)Length of stay (d)30 d mortality (%)Reinterventions (%)
Park et al[8]133RME2.42 (1-6)-4.92 (3-11)5.86 (4-14)0 (0)-
84LME2.47 (1-6)-5.19 (2-11)6.54 (3-25)0 (0)-
Levic et al[9]56RME---8 (4-100)0 (0)-
36LME---7 (3-51)2 (5.6)-
Yoo et al[10]44RME--2.58 (+ 1.62)11.41 (+ 5.56)0 (0)-
26LME--2.48 (+ 1.53)11.04 (+ 6.33)0 (0)-
Koh et al[11]19RME---7 (4-21)10 (0)1 (5.2)Bleeding
19LME---6 (4-28)10 (0)3 (15.7)Adhesive SBO, colonic infarction, anastomotic leak
Melich et al[12]92RME---9.6 (8.3-11)-6 (6.5)6 leak/abscess
106LME---9.9 (8.5-11.3)-5 (4.7)4 leak/abscess, 1 obstruction due to adhesions
Barnajian et al[13]20RME3 (1-8)1-4 (2-9)16 (4-31)10 (0)2 (10)Presacral bleeding, pelvic abscess
20LME4 (3-13)1-4 (4-14)17 (5-36)10 (0)1 (5)Pancreatic tail injury
20OME4 (2-8)1-4.5 (2-9)17 (3-16)10 (0)2 (10)Presacral bleeding, enterotomy
Ielpo et al[14]56RME---13 (5-60)0 (0)3 (5.3)NS
87LME---10 (5-16)0 (0)3 (3.4)NS
Tam et al[15]21RME---8.7 (4-23)-0 (0)
21LME---6 (3-14)-1 (5)Bleeding
Ghezzi et al[16]65RME2 (1-2)1 (1-2)-6 (5-8)10 (0)3 (4.6)NS
109OME3 (2-5)5 (4-6)-9 (8-10)10 (0)2 (1.8)NS
Kuo et al[17]36RME2.9 (1-6)-6.4 (4-12)14.2 (9-27)--
28LME3.4 (1-11)-5.8 (3-16)15.1 (7-57)--
Park et al[18]32RME------
32LME------
Saklani et al[19]74RME2.45 (1-10)-4.6 (2-13)8 (4-21)0 (0)-
64LME2.48 (1-6)-5.1 (2-14)9.2 (5-29)0 (0)-
Fernandez et al[20]13RME---1310 (0)2 (15)SBO
59LME---811 (2)7 (12)NS
Erguner et al[21]27RME----1 (3.7)1 (3.7)Colonic necrosis
37LME----1 (2.7)3 (8.1)1 ileostomy retraction, 2 anastomotic leak
D’Annibale et al[22]50RME-3 (3-5)1-8 (7-11)10 (0)0 (0)
50LME-5 (4-6)1-10 (8-14)10 (0)3 (6)Anastomotic leak
Kang et al[23]165RME2.2 (+ 1.1)-4.5 (+ 1.9)10.8 (+ 5.5)0 (0)15 (9)NS
165LME2.4 (+ 1.2)-5.2 (+ 2.4)13.5 (+ 9.2)0 (0)5 (15)NS
165OME3 (+ 1.4)-6.4 (+ 2.5)16 (+ 8.6)0 (0)9 (5.4)NS
Kim et al[25]62RME--6 (+ 5)12 (+ 6)--
147LME--7 (+ 5)14 (+ 9)--
Park et al[24]40RME2.4 (+ 1.6)-7.5 (+ 3.5)10.6 (+ 4.2)0 (0)2 (5)Anastomotic leak
40LME2.5 (+ 1.3)-7.7 (+ 2.3)11.3 (+ 3.6)0 (0)1 (2.5)Anastomotic leak
Kim et al[26]30RME------
39LME------
Bertani et al[27]52RME2 (1-5)2 (1-13)-6 (4-51)1-2 (4)
34OME3 (1-9)3 (2-12)-7 (4-24)1-0 (0)
Kwak et al[28]59RME------
59LME------
Baek et al[29]41RME-2.3 (1-13)-6.5 (2-33)0 (0)-
41LME-2.4 (1-9)-6.6 (3-20)0 (0)-
Park et al[30]52RME3.2 (+ 1.8)-6.7 (+ 3.8)10.4 (+ 4.7)0 (0)-
123LME3 (+ 1.1)-6.1 (+ 2.7)9.8 (+ 3.8)0 (0)-
88OME4.4 (+ 3)-7.6 (+ 3.3)12.8 (+ 7.1)1 (1.1)-
Patriti et al[31]29RME---11.9 (6-29)0 (0)--
37LME---9.6 (5-37)0 (0)--
Baik et al[32]18RME1.8 (1-2)1--6.9 (5-10)1-0 (0)
18LME2.4 (1-6)1--8.7 (6-12)1-0 (0)
Pigazzi et al[33]6RME---4.5 (3-11)-0 (0)
6LME---3.6 (3-6)-0 (0)
Parisi et al[34]40RME1 (1-3)11 (1-5)12 (2-6)15 (3-18)10 (0)1 (2.5)Anastomotic leak
Baek et al[35]182RME-------
Shiomi et al[36]113RME2 (1-3)13 (3-7)1-7 (6-24)10 (0)2 (1.8)Anastomotic leak
Kim et al[37]200RME2.4-510.716 (8)ns
Stănciulea et al[38]100RME---10 (6-38)1-6 (6)3 anastomotic leak, 1 bowel obstruction, 1 bleeding, 1 bowel injury
Zawadzki et al[39]77RME---6.4 (3-26)0 (0)3 (3.9)Anastomotic leak
Sng et al[40]197RME---9 (5-122)1--
Du et al[41]22RME2.6 (1.41-4.37)1--7.8 (7-13)1--
Alimoglu et al[42]7RME---8.1 (5-10)10 (0)0 (0)
Akmal et al[43]80RME-2.75 (1-19)-7.55 (2-33)0 (0)-
Park et al[44]30RME---4 (3-6)10 (0)-
Kang et al[45]389RME2.33.9-13.50 (0)36 (9.2)ns
deSouza et al[46]44RME---5 (3-36)11 (0.46)2 (0.92)1 anastomotic leak
Pigazzi et al[47]143RME-2.7 (1-19)-8.3 (2-33)0 (0)-
Choi et al[48]50RME1.9 (1-3)2.6 (2-12)-9.2 (5-24)-0 (0)
Ng et al[49]8RME---5 (4-30)10 (0)--
Hellan et al[50]39RME-2 (1-11)1-4 (2-22)10 (0)4 (10.3)Anastomotic leak
Table 5 Complications according to Clavien Dindo classification
Ref.PtsMesorectumComplicated pts (%)1 (%)2 (%)3 (%)
4 (%)5 (%)
3a3b
Park et al[8]133RME26 (19.5)11 (42.3)5 (19.2)9 (34.6)1 (3.8)
84LME19 (22.6)7 (36.8)4 (21)6 (31.6)2 (10.5)
Yoo et al[10]44RME17 (38.6)13 (76.5)4 (23.5)
26LME7 (26.9)5 (71.4)2 (28.5)
Koh et al[11]19RME3 (15.7)2 (66.7)1 (33.3)
19LME7 (36.8)4 (57)3 (43)
Melich et al[12]92RME17 (18.4)11 (64.7)6 (35.3)
106LME18 (17)13 (72.2)5 (27.8)
Barnajian et al[13]20RME8 (40)33 (37.5)2 (25)
20LME4 (10)211
20OME8 (40)521 (33.3)
Ielpo et al[14]56RME15 (26.8)11 (73.3)4 (26.7)
87LME20 (23)15 (75)5 (25)
Ghezzi et al[16]65RME27 (41.5)22 (81.5)5 (18.5)
109OME45 (41.3)38 (84.5)7 (15.5)
Kuo et al[17]36RME11 (30.5)4 (36.3)3 (27.2)4 (36.3)
28LME14 (50)11 (78.6)1 (7)2 (14.2)
Fernandez et al[20]13RME2
59LME
Erguner et al[21]27RME3 (11.1)2 (66.7)1 (33.3)
37LME8 (21.6)5 (62.5)3 (37.5)
D’Annibale et al[22]50RME5 (10)5 (100)
50LME10 (20)7 (70)3 (30)
Kang et al[23]165RME34 (20.6)16 (47.1)3 (8.8)
165LME46 (27.9)20 (43.5)1 (2.2)
165OME41 (24.8)30 (73.2)2 (4.9)
Park et al[24]40RME6 (15)4 (66.7)2 (33.3)
40LME5 (12.5)4 (80)1 (20)
Park et al[30]52RME10 (19.2)6 (60)4 (40)
123LME15 (12.2)9 (60)6 (40)
88OME18 (20.5)9 (50)9 (50)
Baik et al[32]18RME4 (22.2)3 (75)1 (25)
18LME1 (5.5)1 (100)
Pigazzi et al[33]6RME1 (16.6)1 (100)
6LME1 (16.6)1 (100)
Parisi et al[34]40RME4 (10)1 (25)1 (25)2 (50)
Shiomi et al[36]113RME23 (20.3)10 (43.5)10 (43.5)1 (4.3)2 (8.7)
Kim et al[37]200RME16 (59.2)
Stănciulea et al[38]100RME18 (18)10 (55.5)2 (5.5)6 (38.9)
Zawadzki et al[39]77RME23
Sng et al[40]197RME74 (37)58 (78.3)5 (6.8)9 (12.1)1 (1.3)1 (1.3)
Du et al[41]22 (4.5)RME1 (4.5)1 (100)0
Alimoglu et al[42]7RME2 (28.5)2 (100)
Kang et al[45]389RME74 (19)34 (45.9)4 (5.4)36 (48.6)
deSouza et al[46]44RME19 (43)15 (79)1 (5.2)1 (5.2)1 (5.2)1 (5.2)
Choi et al[48]50RME9 (18)4 (44.4)5 (55.5)
Hellan et al[50]39RME15 (38.4)11 (73.3)4 (26.7)
Table 6 Short term oncologic outcomes
Ref.PtsMesorectumDSF% (yr)LR (%)Distant metastases (%)OS % (yr)F-u mo (median)
Park et al[8]133RME81.9 (5)3 (2.3)16 (12)92.8 (5)58 (4-80)
84LME78.7 (5)1 (1.2)14 (16.6)93.5 (5)58 (4-80)
Levic et al[9]56RME0 (0)8 (14.3)12 (1-31)
36LME0 (0)2 (5.6)10 (1-33)
Yoo et al[10]431RME76.7 (3)6 (12.8)95.2 (3)33.9 (4.4-61.3)
26LME75 (3)2 (8.3)88.5 (3)36.5 (3.7-69.9)
Ghezzi et al[16]65RME73.2 (5)2 (3.2)19 (29.6)85 (5)60
109OME69.5 (5)17.5 (16.1)26 (24.2)76.1 (5)60
Saklani et al[19]74RME77.7 (3)2 (2.7)90 (3)30.1 (11-61)2
64LME78.8 (3)4 (6.3)92.1 (3)30.1 (11-61)2
Kim et al[25]62RME0 (0)3 (4.2)98 (1.5)17.4
147LME1 (0.7)8 (5.4)98 (1.7)20.6
Kwak et al[28]59RME1 (1.8)2 (3.6)17 (11-25)
59LME1 (1.9)2 (3.7)13 (9-22)
Patriti et al[31]29RME100 (3)0 (0)0 (0)96.6 (2.4)29.22
37LME83.7 (3)2 (5.4)4 (6)97.2 (1.5)18.72
Stănciulea et al[38]100RME2 (2)90 (3)24 (9-63)
Alimoglu et al[42]7RME100 (1)0 (0)0 (0)100 (1)12 (6-21)2
Pigazzi et al[47]143RME77.6 (3)2 (1.4)13 (9)97 (3)17.4 (0.1-52.5)2
Table 7 Histopathological data
Ref.PtsMesorectumHarvested nodesQuality of mesorectum (complete)Proximal margin (mm)Distal margin (mm)Distal margin+ (%)CRM (mm)CRM + (%)pTpN stage (%)
01234
Park et al[8]133RME16.34 (2-43)-111.7 (40-350)27.5 (10-140)0 (0)-9 (6.8)0 (0)49 (36.8)36 (27.1)48 (36.1)0 (0)
84LME16.63 (2-49)-105.1 (40-340)28.7 (10-90)0 (0)-6 (7.1)0 (0)22 (26.2)28 (33.3)34 (40.5)0 (0)
Levic et al[9]56RME21 (7-83)134-30 (5-80)1 (0.56)9 (0-60)1-3 (5.4)12 (21.4)20 (35.7)21 (37.5)0 (0)
36LME13 (3-33)126-30 (5-75)0 (0)10 (1-43)1-1 (2.8)6 (16.7)15 (41.7)14 (38.8)0 (0)
Yoo et al[10]44RME13.93 (+ 9.27)-225.2 (+ 102.5)13.3 (+ 9.7)--4 (9.1)5 (11.4)14 (31.8)11 (25)9 (20.5)5 (11.4)
26LME21.42 (+ 15.71)-208.4 (+ 89.5)16.7 (+ 30)--5 (19.2)1 (3.8)7 (26.9)8 (30.8)8 (30.8)2 (7.7)
Koh et al[11]19RME16 (4-24)119--1 (5.2)-1 (5.2)2(10.5)3 (15.7)4 (21)9 (47.3)1 (5.2)
19LME14 (5-27)119--0 (0)-0 (0)0 (0)5 (26.3)4 (21)9 (47.3)1 (5.2)
Melich et al[12]92RME17.2 (15-19.5)---1 (1.1)-3 (3.3)-----
106LME16.3 (14.4-18.1)---0 (0)-3 (2.8)-----
Barnajian et al[13]20RME14 (3-22)116-20.5 (5-50)1-10.5 (1-30)1-0 (0)6 (40)4 (25)10 (35)0 (0)
20LME11 (4-18)119-21.5 (1-55)1-4 (0-30)1-0 (0)7 (35)3 (15)10 (50)0 (0)
20OME12 (4-20)119-20.5 (1-45)1-8 (0-30)1-0 (0)8 (40)3 (15)9 (45)0 (0)
Ielpo et al[14]56RME10 (0-29)-----2 (3.6)0 (0)14 (25)21 (37.5)21 (37.5)0 (0)
87LME9 (0-17)-----2 (2.3)0 (0)19 (21.8)38 (43.6)30 (34.5)0 (0)
Tam et al[15]21RME19.7 (8-40)--460 (10-180)0 (0)-0 (0)2 (10)5 (24)4 (19)9 (43)1 (5)
21LME14.8 (8-21)--510 (5-80)1 (5)-1 (5%)3 (14)7 (33)4 (19)7 (33)0 (0)
Ghezzi et al[16]65RME20.1--27 (16-44)--0 (0)10 (15.4)5 (7.7)17 (26.2)27 (41.5)6 (9.2)
109OME14.1--22 (15-30)--2 (1.8)15 (13.8)10 (9.2)38 (34.9)42 (38.5)4 (3.7)
Kuo et al[17]36RME14 (2-33)--22 (4-42)0 (0)6.7 (0-18)4 (11.1)7 (19.4)4 (11.1)11 (30.5)14 (38.8)0 (0)
28LME13.9 (3-31)--17.9 (1-60)1 (3.6)7 (0-16)4 (14.2)6 (21.4)2 (7.1)8 (28.6)12 (42.8)0 (0)
Park et al[18]32RME------------
32LME------------
Saklani et al[19]74RME11.6 (1-36)-128 (50-240)17 (1-60)--3 (4)18 (24.3)16 (21.6)22 (29.7)18 (24.3)0 (0)
64LME14.7 (1-27)-140 (55-280)22 (2-70)--1 (1.6)8 (12.5)13 (20.3)23 (35.9)20 (31.3)0 (0)
Fernandez et al[20]13RME169--0 (0)-0 (0)----
59LME2024--1 (2)-1 (2)----
Erguner et al[21]27RME16 (3-38)19120 (40-180)40 (30-80)0 (0)4 (2-8)-0 (0)15 (55.5)11 (40.7)1 (3.7)0 (0)
37LME16 (3-31)17140 (45-230)25 (5-50)0 (0)4 (1-10)-0 (0)17 (46)16 (43.2)4 (10.8)0 (0)
D’Annibale et al[22]50RME16.5 (11-44)--30 (20-70)--0 (0)-----
50LME13.8 (4-29)--30 (10-60)--6 (12)-----
Kang et al[23]165RME15 (+ 9.4)-120 (+ 49)19 (+ 14)0 (0)-7 (4.2)4 (2.4)56 (33.9)51 (30.9)54 (32.7)0 (0)
165LME15.6 (+ 9.1)-113 (+ 51)20 (+ 17)0 (0)-11 (6.7)9 (5.4)55 (33.1)47 (28.5)54 (32.7)0 (0)
165OME17.4 (+ 10.9)-114 (+ 55)22 (+ 17)0 (0)-17 (10.3)14 (8.5)55 (33.3)41 (24.8)55 (33.3)0 (0)
Kim et al[25]62RME16 (+ 10)--30 (+ 14)--2 (3.2)4 (6.5)17 (27.4)16 (25.8)24 (38.7)0 (0)
147LME16 (+ 9)--25 (+ 16)--4 (2.7)6 (4.1)55 (37.7)35 (24)46 (31.5)4 (2.7)
Park et al[24]40RME12.9 (+7.5)-198 (+ 69)14 (+ 9)0 (0)6.2 (4.7)3 (7.5)0 (0)19 (47.5)9 (22.5)11 (27.7)1 (2.5)
40LME13.3 (+8.6)-213 (+ 139)13 (+ 9)0 (0)6.9 (5.1)2 (5)0 (0)13 (32.5)15 (37.5)11 (27.5)1 (2.5)
Kim et al[26]30RME-29-27.9 (+ 10.2)0 (0)-2 (6)-----
39LME-37-28.6 (+ 13.6)0 (0)-1 (2.5)-----
Bertani et al[27]52RME20.5 (5-43)1--26 (1-70)--2 (4)-----
34OME16 (6-46)1--26 (1-80)--2 (6)----
Kwak et al[28]59RME20 (12-27)1--22 (15-30)0 (0)-1 (1.7)3 (5.1)16 (27.1)23 (39)13 (22)4 (6.8)
59LME21 (14-28)1--20 (12-35)0 (0)-0 (0)3 (5.1)16 (27.1)23 (39)12 (20.3)5 (8.5)
Baek et al[29]41RME13.1 (3.33)--36 (4-100)0 (0)-1 (2.4)7 (17.1)12 (29.3)4 (9.8)15 (36.6)3 (7.3)
41LME16.2 (5-39)--38 (4-110)0 (0)-2 (4.9)3 (7.3)15 (36.6)3 (7.3)19 (46.3)1 (2.4)
Park et al[30]52RME19.4 (+ 10.2)-165 (+ 60)28 (+ 19)0 (0)7.9 (+ 4.5)1 (1.9)0 (0)15 (28.8)15 (28.8)22 (42.3)0 (0)
123LME15.9 (+ 10.1)-169 (+ 84)32 (+ 21)0 (0)8.2 (+ 5.8)3 (2.4)0 (0)34 (27.6)52 (42.3)37 (30.1)0 (0)
88OME18.5 (+ 10.9)-124 (+ 66)23 (+ 15)0 (0)8.5 (+ 5.7)2 (2.3)0 (0)27 (30.7)32 (36.4)29 (33)0 (0)
Patriti et al[31]29RME10.3 (+ 4)--21 (+ 9)---0 (0)11 (38)9 (31)7 (24.1)2 (6.9)
37LME11.2 (+ 5)--45 (+ 72)---0 (0)17 (46)8 (21.6)10 (27.2)2 (5.4)
Baik et al[32]18RME20 (6-49)17109 (75-200)40 (10-55)--0 (0)5 (27.8)4 (22.2)9 (50)0 (0)
18LME17.4 (9-42)13103 (55-85)37 (15-60)---0 (0)5 (27.8)4 (22.2)9 (50)0 (0)
Pigazzi et al[33]6RME14 (9-28)--38 (18-90)--------
6LME17 (9-39)--35 (22-50)--------
Parisi et al[34]40RME19 (6-35)132118.5 (65-390)140 (20-80)10 (0)--2 (5)10 (25)9 (22.5)19 (47.5)0 (0)
Baek et al[35]182RME14.8 (2-47)--22 (+ 14.3)--10 (5.5)5 (2.7)57 (31.3)52 (28.5)62 (34)6 (3.3)
Shiomi et al[36]113RME32 (11-112)1113180 (65-376)26 (5-100)0 (0)-0 (0)5 (4.4)35 (31)28 (24.7)38 (33.6)7 (6.2)
Kim et al[37]200RME16.1-132.5220 (0)-2 (1)-----
Stănciulea et al[38]100RME14 (4-32)1--30 (2-70)1---5 (5)24 (24)43 (43)21 (21)7 (7)
Stănciulea et al[38]77RME12.9 (3-45)---2 (2.6)-1 (1.2)26 (34)8 (10)15 (19)26 (34)2 (3)
Sng et al[40]197RME16 (1-80)1--17 (0-8.3)1--2 (2.5)-----
Du et al[41]22RME14.3 (8-27)119-26 (10-55)---0 (0)1 (4.5)9 (40.9)12 (54.5)0 (0)
Alimoglu et al[42]7RME16 (14-21)-----0 (0)0 (0)3 (42.8)1 (14.2)3 (42.8)0 (0)
Akmal et al[43]80RME14.2 (2-33)--32.5 (2-100)-1.8 (0-45)-15 (18.8)20 (25)12 (15)27 (33.8)5 (6.3)
Park et al[44]30RME20 (14-25)125---11 (5-20)0 (0)6 (20)7 (23.3)4 (13.3)10 (33.3)3 (10)
Kang et al[45]389RME15.7 (+ 10)-11.72.15--14 (3.6)24 (6.2)122 (31.4)103 (26.5)140 (36)0 (0)
deSouza et al[46]44RME14 (5-45)---1 (2.7)-0 (0)4 (9.1)14 (31.8)15 (34.1)8 (18.2)3 (6.8)
Pigazzi et al[47]143RME14.1 (1-39)--29 (0-100)-19 (1-45)1 (0.7)18 (12.6)36 (25.2)36 (25.2)53 (37)0 (0)
Choi et al[48]50RME20.6 (6-48)--19 (5-45)0 (0)-1 (2)0 (0)10 (20)19 (38)19 (38)2 (4)
Ng et al[49]8RME15 (2-26)1-----0 (0)0 (0)3 (37.5)2 (25)2 (25)0
Hellan et al[50]39RME13 (7-28)1--26.5 (4-75)10 (0)-0 (0)8 (20.5)13 (33.3)4 (10.3)13 (33.3)1 (2.6)
Table 8 Short term oncologic outcomes
Ref.PtsMesorectumDSF% (yr)LR (%)Distant mtx (%)OS % (yr)F-u mo (median)
Park et al[8]133RME81.9 (5)3 (2.3)16 (12)92.8 (5)58 (4-80)
84LME78.7 (5)1 (1.2)14 (16.6)93.5 (5)58 (4-80)
Levic et al[9]56RME0 (0)8 (14.3)12 (1-31)
36LME0 (0)2 (5.6)10 (1-33)
Yoo et al[10]431RME76.7 (3)6 (12.8)95.2 (3)33.9 (4.4-61.3)
26LME75 (3)2 (8.3)88.5 (3)36.5 (3.7-69.9)
Ghezzi et al[16]65RME73.2 (5)2 (3.2)19 (29.6)85 (5)60
109OME69.5 (5)17.5 (16.1)26 (24.2)76.1 (5)60
Saklani et al[19]74RME77.7 (3)2 (2.7)90 (3)30.1 (11-61)2
64LME78.8 (3)4 (6.3)92.1 (3)30.1 (11-61)2
Kim et al[25]62RME0 (0)3 (4.2)98 (1.5)17.4
147LME1 (0.7)8 (5.4)98 (1.7)20.6
Kwak et al[28]59RME1 (1.8)2 (3.6)17 (11-25)
59LME1 (1.9)2 (3.7)13 (9-22)
Patriti et al[31]29RME100 (3)0 (0)0 (0)96.6 (2.4)29.22
37LME83.7 (3)2 (5.4)4 (6)97.2 (1.5)18.72
Stănciulea et al[38]100RME2 (2)90 (3)24 (9-63)
Alimoglu et al[42]7RME100 (1)0 (0)0 (0)100 (1)12 (6-21)2
Pigazzi et al[47]143RME77.6 (3)2 (1.4)13 (9)97 (3)17.4 (0.1-52.5)2