Metastatic tumors to the pancreas: The role of surgery

Table 1 Pancreatic resections for metastates from renal cell carcinoma

Ref.	No. of patients	Treatment	Mortality-morbidity	Follow-up; (mo) median (range)	Dead
Niess et al[29]	16	DP (10); PPPD (3); PD (2); TP	0-NA	39 (4-76)	6 (37.5%)
Yazbek et al[30]	11	NA	5/11/2001	78 (12-108)	4 (36.3%)
Alzahrani et al[31]	12 (7 resected)	DP (3); TP (2); CP; PD	1/7/2000	19 (1-96)	5 (41.6%)
D’Ambra et al[32]	8 (7 resected)	NA	0 – 3/7	43 (12.9-74.5)	NA
You et al[33]	7	NA	0-NA	34 (7-69)	1 (14.3%)
Konstantinidis et al[12]	20	NA	0-NA	36.8 (0.5-143)	NA
Masetti et al[28]	6	TP (5); PD	1/6/2000	3	0
Tanis et al[34]	10	NA	0-NA	NA	3 (30%)
Zerbi et al[10]	36 (23 resected)	DP (11); enucleation (5); PD (4); TP (2); CP	0-14/23	31 (12-98)	9 (25%)
Reddy et al[9]	21	NA	0-NA	57.6 (4.2-219.6)	19 (90.5%)
Schauer et al[35]	10	TP (5); PD (3); PPPD; DP	2/10/2001	56 (56-60)	NA
Karimi et al[36]	3	DP (3)	NA	96 (60-156)	0
Eidt et al[37]	7	PPPD (4); TP (2); DP	0-NA	36 (12-156)	2 (28.6%)
Sellner et al[23]	3	NA	0-NA	48 (36-60)	0
Crippa et al[24]	5	DP (3); PPPD; PD	0-NA	41 (21-95)	1 (20.0%)
Wente et al[38]	15	DP (7); PD (3); TP (3); PP (2)	4/15/2000	10 (1-28)	1 (6.7%)
Jarufe et al[39]	7	NA	1-NA	24	NA
Moussa et al[40]	10 (7 resected)	PD (6); TP	1-NA	61	6 (60.0%)
Law et al[41]	14	NA	0-NA	130 (32-315)	3 (21.4%)
Sperti et al[16]	2	TP; CP + enucleation	0-NA	18 (14-21)	1 (50.0%)
Zacharoulis et al[42]	3 (2 resected)	NA	2/3/2000	26 (7-88)	0
Yachida et al[43]	5	NA	0-NA	12 (2-160)	0
Faure et al[44]	8	PD (5); TP (3)	1/8/2000	38 (13-83)	2 (25.0%)
Sohn et al[45]	10	PPPD (5); DP (2); PD (2); TP	0-3	8 (3-117)	2 (20.0%)
Ghavamian et al[46]	11	DP (8); TP (3)	0-NA	50 (5-120)	3 (27.3%)
Kassabian et al[47]	5	CP; PPPD; TP; PD; DP	0-NA	48	1 (20.0%)
Thompson et al[48]	21 (15 resected)	DP (9); PP (4); PD (2)	0-NA	NA	NA
Butturini et al[49]	5	NA	NA	19 (7-27)	1 (20.0%)
Z’graggen et al[3]	2	TP (2)	0-NA	20 (20-40)	2 (100%)
Total	293 (270 resected)	DP (59); TP (32); PD (31); PPPD (16); CP (3); PP (6); enucleation (6)	4 (1.5%)-36 (13.3%)	36.8	72/227 (31.7%)

NA: Not available; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectony; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; CP: Central pancreatectomy; TP: Total pancreatectomy; PP: Partial pancreatectomy.

Table 2 Pancreatic resections for metastatic colorectal cancer

Ref.	Year	No	Site of primary	Interval (mo)	Treatment	Survival (mo)
						Dead	Alive
Roland et al[56]	1989	1	Colon	NR	DP		27, AWD
Nakeeb et al[57]	1995	1	Colon	34	PD		43, AWD
Harrison et al[58]	1997	2	Colon Colon	15 15	PD PD	41 21
Inagaki et al[59]	1998	1	Rectum	132	DP		8
Yoshimi et al[60]	1999	1	Colon	51	PD	24
Le Borgne et al[26]	2000	1	Colon	60	PD	12
Tutton et al[61]	2001	1	Colon	23	DP		12
Torres-Villalobos et al[62]	2004	1	Cecum	8	DP		6
Crippa et al[24]	2006	1	Colon	7	PPPD	13
Matsubara et al[55]	2007	1	Rectum	28	PD	24
Eidt et al[37]	2007	1	Colon	12	PPPD	105
Shimoda et al[63]	2007	1	Rectum	44	PD	8
Bachmann et al[64]	2007	2	Rectum Rectum	24 30	DP DP		1.5 6
Sperti et al[54]	2008	9	Colon (7) Rectum (2)	10-80	PD (2) PPPD (3) DP (4)	525	30, AWD
Reddy et al[9]	2008	2	NR	NR	NR		42
Grève et al[65]	2008	1	Rectum	54	DP	NR	NR
Gravalos et al[66]	2008	1	Cecum	17	DP		12
Machado et al[67]	2010	1	Colon	105	DP	9
Lasithiotakis et al[68]	2010	1	Colon	24	PD	27
Lee et al[69]	2010	1	Rectum	24	DP		12
Stoltz et al[70]	2011	1	Colon	24	DP		6, AWD
Georgakarakos et al[71]	2011	1	Colon	12	PD		6
Tanemura et al[72]	2012	2	Rectum Rectum	72 84	MSPP DP		16 6
Niess et al[29]	2013	2	Colon Colon	0 14	PPPD DP	68	21, AWD
Total		37	Colon (24) Rectum (11) NR (2)	24 (median)	PD (11) DP (17) PPPD (6) MSPP (1)	21 (median)	12 (median)

NR: Not reported; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; MSPP: Middle-segment-preserving pancreatectomy; SMV: Superior mesenteric vein; AWD: Alive with disease.

Table 3 Pancreatic resections for metastatic melanoma

Ref.	Year	No	Interval (Yr)	Primary site	Surgery	Follow-up (mo)	Outcome
Dasgupta et al[77]	1964	1	2	Skin	DP + duodenal resection	10	DOD
Johansson et al[78]	1970	1	12	Ocular	PD	11	ANED
Lasser et al[79]	1990	1	8	Skin	PD	10	ANED
Bianca et al[80]	1991	1	NA	NA	PD	12	AWD
Brodish et al[81]	1993	1	34	Skin	DP	8	AWD
Harrison et al[58]	1997	1	NR	NA	PD	108	ANED
Medina-Franco et al[82]	1999	1	NA	NA	PPPD	6	DOD
Wood et al[74]	2001	8	NA	NA	PD	37.5%1	DOD
Hiotis et al[83]	2002	1	NR	NR	PD	NR	DOD
Camp et al[84]	2002	1	6	Ocular	DP	20	ANED
Nikfarjam et al[85]	2003	2	12, 13	Ocular	PPPD, TP	6, 7	ANED
Carboni et al[86]	2004	1	9	Skin	PD	4	DOD
Crippa et al[24]	2006	1	2.8	Skin	PPPD	14	DOD
Belágyi et al[87]	2006	1	6	Skin	Enucleation	4	DOD
Edit et al[37]	2007	4	3, 4, 4, 14	NA	PPPD (4)	12, 25 30, 76	DOD ANED
Vagefi et al[88]	2009	1	28	Ocular	DP	NR	NR
Sperti et al[89]	2009	1	3	NA	DP	24	DOD
He et al[90]	2010	1	5	Ocular	DP	25	ANED
Lanitis et al[91]	2010	1	5	Skin	PD	96	ANED
Moszkowicz et al[92]	2011	1	15	Skin	PD	NA	NA
Portale et al[93]	2011	1	7	Skin	DP	NA	ANED
Goyal et al[94]	2012	5	3, 22, ?, 5, ?	Skin (3), NA (2)	PPPD (4),DP(1)	15, 3, 11.4, 4.5, 25	DOD
Sugimoto et al[95]	2013	1	1	Nasal	DP	10	DOD
Total		38	6 (median)	Skin = 12; Ocular = 6; Nasal = 1; NA = 18; NR = 1	PD (16), DP (9), PPPD (11), TP (1), Enucleation (1)	11, 7 (median)

¹5 years survival rate. NR: Not reported; NA: Not available; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; MSPP: Middle-segment-preserving pancreatectomy; SMV: Superior mesenteric vein; DOD: Dead of disease; ANED: Alive not evidence of disease; AWD: Alive with disease.

Table 4 Pancreatic resections for metastatic breast cancer

Ref.	Yr	No	Interval (mo)	Treatment	Survival (mo)
					Dead	Alive
Bednar et al[99]	2013	1	216	PD		48 mo, AWD
Razzetta et al[100]	2011	1	0	PD		11 mo, AWD
Bonapasta et al[101]	2010	1	23	PD	36
Mourra et al[102]	2010	1	9	DP		20 mo
Sweeney et al[103]	2009	1	60	DP		NA
Reddy et al[9]	2008	1	NR	NR	NR	13 mo
Jiménez-Heffernan et al[104]	2006	1	0	PD		10 mo
Tohnosu et al[105]	2006	1	52	DP		5 mo
Crippa et al[24]	2004	3	60/36/84	PPPD (3)	26	21AWD/37
Moussa et al[40]	2004	1	45	TP	7
Minni et al[106]	2004	1	26	enucleation		80
Ogino et al[107]	2003	1	72	PD	Dead (-)
Le Borgne et al[26]	2000	1	0	PD		12
Nomizu et al[108]	1999	1	80	PD		18
Mehta et al[109]	1997	1	36	PD		27
Nakeeb et al[57]	1995	1	19	PD		12
Azzarelli et al[110]	1982	1	43	PD		72
Total		19	39.5 mo (median)	PD (10) DP (3) PPPD (3) Enucleation (1) TP (1)	26 (median)	19 (median)

NR: Not reported; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; NA: Not available; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; TP: Total pancreatectomy; AWD: Alive with disease.

Table 5 Pancreatic resections for metastatic lung cancer

Ref.	No	Interval (mo)	Type of primary	Treatment	Survival (mo)
					Dead	Alive
Igai et al[114]	1	60	NSCLC	PD		6
Lasithiotakis et al[68]	1	6	NSCLC	PD	/	/
Mourra et al[102]	2	0, 10	NSCLC	DP (2)	10	20
Wilson et al[115]	1	NA	NSCLC	PD		22
Mori et al[116]	1	22	NSCLC	PPPD		24
Pericleous et al[117]	1	0	NSCLC	PPPD		18
Crippa et al[24]	1	5	NSCLC	PPPD	14
García Vidal et al[118]	1	0	NSCLC	PD		NA
Hiotis et al[83]	1	NA	NA	DP	DOD
Le Borgne et al[26]	1	0	SCLC	PD	4
Medina-Franco et al[82]	1	17	NSCLC	PD		12
Nakeeb et al[57]	1	8	NSCLC	PD	3
Total	13	6 (median)	NSCLC = 10 SCLC = 1	PD (7) DP (3) PPPD (3)	7 (median)	19 (median)

NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; SCLC: Small cell lung cancer; NA: Not available; DP: Distal pancreatectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPPD: Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; DOD: Dead of disease.