Risk factors for recurrence and metastasis of stage IIIC colorectal cancer: A two-center retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between non-recurrence/metastasis group (n = 148) and recurrence/metastasis group (n = 107), n (%)

Variable	Non-recurrence/metastasis (n = 148)	Recurrence/metastasis (n = 107)	P value
Gender
Female	85 (57.4)	54 (50.5)	0.270
Male	63 (42.6)	53 (49.5)
Age (year)
< 60	76 (51.4)	38 (35.5)	0.012
≥ 60	72 (48.6)	69 (64.5)
BMI (kg/m2)
< 18	10 (6.8)	2 (1.9)	0.163
18-23.9	76 (51.4)	54 (50.5)
≥ 24	62 (41.9)	51 (47.7)
Preoperative intestinal obstruction
No	48 (32.4)	24 (22.4)	0.080
Yes	100 (67.6)	83 (77.6)
CEA (μg/L)
< 5	99 (66.9)	49 (45.8)	0.001
≥ 5	49 (33.1)	58 (54.2)
Tumor location
Right colon	28 (18.9)	26 (24.3)	0.141
Left colon	31 (20.9)	30 (28.0)
Rectum	89 (60.1)	51 (47.7)
CA19-9 (kU/L)
< 37	116 (78.4)	66 (61.7)	0.004
≥ 37	32 (21.6)	41 (38.3)
ALB (g/L)
< 35	23 (15.5)	14 (13.1)	0.583
≥ 35	125 (84.5)	93 (86.9)
Pathological Ki-67
Low	76 (51.4)	56 (52.3)	0.877
High	72 (48.6)	51 (47.7)
Vascular invasion
No	75 (50.7)	41 (38.3)	0.051
Yes	73 (49.3)	66 (61.7)
Neural invasion
No	63 (42.6)	32 (29.9)	0.039
Yes	85 (57.4)	75 (70.1)
Root lymph nodes
Negative	109 (73.6)	45 (42.1)	< 0.001
Positive	39 (26.4)	62 (57.9)
Tumor size (cm)
< 5	95 (64.2)	79 (73.8)	0.103
≥ 5	53 (35.8)	28 (26.2)
Histological differentiation
Others	100 (67.6)	69 (64.5)	0.607
Poorly-differentiated	48 (32.4)	38 (35.5)
Pathological appearance
Infiltrative	10 (6.8)	6 (5.6)	0.933
Ulcerative	97 (65.5)	71 (66.4)
Protruding	41 (27.7)	30 (28.0)
MLR
< 0.51	96 (64.9)	40 (37.4)	< 0.001
≥ 0.51	52 (35.1)	67 (62.6)
pT stage
3	73 (49.3)	28 (26.2)	0.001
4a	68 (45.9)	71 (66.4)
4b	7 (4.7)	8 (7.5)
Chemotherapy regimens
Xelox	130 (87.8)	91 (85.0)	0.518
Folfox	18 (12.2)	16 (15.0)

BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; ALB: Preoperative albumin level; MLR: Metastatic lymph node ratio; pT: Pathological T.

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative recurrence or metastasis in stage IIIC colorectal cancer

Variable	B	SE	Wald χ2	P value	HR	95%CI
Age (year)	0.217	0.214	1.031	0.310	1.242	0.817-1.888
CEA (μg/L)	0.626	0.199	9.909	0.002	1.871	1.267-2.763
CA19-9 (kU/L)	0.290	0.203	2.042	0.153	1.337	0.898-1.990
Neural invasion	0.196	0.220	0.797	0.372	1.217	0.791-1.873
PRL	0.471	0.205	5.292	0.021	1.602	1.072-2.393
MLR	0.757	0.219	11.945	0.001	2.132	1.388-3.275
pT stage			5.381	0.068
T4a vs T3	0.532	0.234	5.143	0.023	1.702	1.075-2.694
T4b vs T3	0.556	0.416	1.787	0.181	1.744	0.772-3.944

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PRL: Positive root lymph node; MLR: Metastatic lymph node ratio; pT: Pathological T.