Effectiveness of a standardized nursing pathway in perioperative care for endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal tumors

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups, n (%)

Indicator	Study group (n = 80)	Control group (n = 80)	t/χ2	P value
Gender			1.616	0.204
Male	48 (60.00)	40 (50.00)
Female	32 (40.00)	40 (50.00)
Age (years)	58.42 ± 10.12	58.90 ± 9.87	0.304	0.762
BMI (kg/m2)	24.36 ± 3.12	24.58 ± 3.05	0.451	0.653
Surgical type			0.227	0.634
Gastric ESD	35 (43.75)	38 (47.50)
Intestinal ESD	45 (56.25)	42 (52.50)
Maximum tumor diameter (cm)	1.85 ± 0.78	1.90 ± 0.82	0.395	0.693
ASA classification			1.911	0.385
Grade I	50 (62.50)	58 (72.50)
Grade II	25 (31.25)	19 (23.75)
Grade III	5 (6.25)	3 (3.75)
NRS 2002 score (points)	1.25 ± 0.68	1.32 ± 0.71	0.637	0.525
History of gastrointestinal disease	22 (27.50)	18 (22.50)	0.533	0.465
Use of anticoagulants/antiplatelet agents	9 (11.25)	12 (15.00)	0.493	0.482

BMI: Body mass index; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; NRS 2002: Nutritional Risk Screening 2002.

Table 2 Comparison of perioperative primary outcomes between the two patient groups, mean ± SD

Group	n	Total hospital stay (days)	Postoperative hospital stay (days)	Hospital costs (¥10000)	Medication costs (¥10000)
Study group	80	3.25 ± 0.75	1.45 ± 0.51	1.85 ± 0.45	0.35 ± 0.12
Control group	80	4.10 ± 1.05	2.16 ± 0.72	2.16 ± 0.63	0.48 ± 0.15
t		5.892	7.197	3.581	6.053
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001

Table 3 Comparison of overall complication rates between the two patient groups, n (%)

Group	n	Delayed/postoperative bleeding	Perforation	Infection (local or systemic)	Total incidence
Study group	80	1 (1.25)	1 (1.25)	1 (1.25)	3 (3.75)
Control group	80	6 (7.50)	2 (2.50)	3 (3.75)	11 (13.75)
χ2					5.010
P value					0.025

Table 4 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores between two groups (points), mean ± SD

Group	n	Preoperative day 1	Postoperative day 1	Postoperative day 2	Discharge day
Study group	80	45.85 ± 7.20	40.12 ± 6.50	37.37 ± 6.10	36.55 ± 5.90
Control group	80	46.30 ± 7.10	45.25 ± 6.85	42.10 ± 6.75	40.85 ± 6.25
t		0.398	4.859	4.650	4.475
P value		0.691	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Between-group effect: F = 40.312, P < 0.001; time effect: F = 182.520, P < 0.001; time × between-group effect: F = 20.115, P < 0.001.

Table 5 Comparison of preoperative and postoperative pain scores between two groups (points), mean ± SD

Group	n	Preoperative day 1	Postoperative day 1	Postoperative day 2	Discharge day
Study group	80	0.35 ± 0.20	2.05 ± 0.85	1.10 ± 0.55	0.85 ± 0.40
Control group	80	0.38 ± 0.18	3.10 ± 1.00	2.05 ± 0.85	1.41 ± 0.62
t		0.997	7.156	8.393	6.789
P value		0.320	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Between-group effect: F = 72.104, P < 0.001; time effect: F = 620.352, P < 0.001; time × Between-group interaction: F = 46.255, P < 0.001.

Table 6 Comparison of nursing satisfaction between two groups, n (%)

Group	n	Very satisfied	Satisfied	Dissatisfied	Overall satisfaction
Study group	80	56 (70.00)	23 (28.75)	1 (1.25)	79 (98.75)
Control group	80	45 (56.25)	24 (30.00)	11 (13.75)	69 (86.25)
χ2					9.01
P value					0.002