Endoscopic treatment of calcifying fibrous tumor of the esophagus combined with esophageal cancer: A case report

Table 1 Clinical features of identified esophageal calcifying fibrous tumor cases

Ref.	n	Age/sex	Location/size	Presentation	Treatment/follow-up	Synchronous ESCC	Pathological features	Immunophenotype
Lee et al[6]	1	54/F	Distal esophagus, 1 cm above the esophagogastric junction; 4 cm	Foreign body sensation/intermittent dysphagia	Local surgical excision; no recurrence at 1 year	Not reported	Abundant collagen, calcification, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration	CD32 (-), CD117 (-), S-100 (-), desmin (-)
Jahanbin et al[7]	1	23/F	Cervical esophagus; 5 cm	Dysphagia; discovered during surgery for myasthenia gravis	Local surgical excision; no recurrence at 21 months	Not reported	Hyalinized collagen fibers, lympho-plasmacytic infiltration, psammomatous/dystrophic calcifications	ALK (-), CD34 (focally weakly +)
Liu et al[8]	1	37/F	Cervical esophagus; 33 mm × 30 mm × 20 mm on pathology	Foreign body sensation; initially misdiagnosed as thyroid nodule	Local surgical excision; no recurrence at 2 years	Not reported	Dense collagen fibers, focal calcification, lymphocytic infiltration	Vimentin (+), SMA (+), desmin (-), CD34 (-), CD99 (-), STAT6 (-)
Sulaiman et al[9]	1	67/M	Upper thoracic esophagus, 20 cm from the incisors; 1.3 mm × 0.8 mm × 0.6 cm	Intermittent dysphagia to liquids; foreign body sensation	Endoscopic mucosal resection; no recurrence at 6 months	Not reported	Abundant hyalinized collagen, spindle cells, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, widespread dystrophic calcifications	FXIIIa (+), ALK-1 (-), CD117 (-), desmin (-), DOG1 (-), SMA (-), S-100 (-), STAT6 (-), IgG4 (-)
Present case	1	69/M	Upper esophagus, 21-24 cm from the incisors; approximately 4 cm/40 mm × 20 mm on EUS	Dysphagia; detected during evaluation after chest CT	STER combined with ESD in the same session; no objective endoscopic or imaging follow-up; symptom-based telephone follow-up only	Yes; adjacent moderately differentiated ESCC	Dense collagenous stroma with multiple calcifications, paucicellular bland spindle cells, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and chondroid-like hyalinized stroma; no cytologic atypia or increased mitotic activity	CD34 (-), SMA (-), desmin (-), S-100 (-), CD117 (-), DOG1 (-), Ki-67 (< 1%)

To identify previously reported cases of esophageal calcifying fibrous tumor, we performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, supplemented by a search of the Chinese databases CNKI and Wanfang, from database inception to July 2026. The search strategy combined the terms ‘calcifying fibrous tumor’ OR ‘calcifying fibrous pseudotumor’ AND ‘esophagus’ OR ‘esophageal’ OR ‘oesophageal’. Only full-text case reports or case series with available clinical and pathological data were included. Abstracts, conference proceedings, and duplicate publications were excluded. No language restriction was imposed during the initial search; however, no eligible non-English or non-Chinese reports were identified during the screening process. The search was updated at the time of revision (July 2026). Based on this systematic retrieval, the clinical features of the identified esophageal calcifying fibrous tumor cases are summarized in Table 1 for comparison with our case. It should be noted that Geng et al[10] reported 3 esophageal calcifying fibrous tumors as part of a pooled analysis of 36 gastrointestinal calcifying fibrous tumors, but individual patient-level clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical data for the esophageal subset were not separately reported. Therefore, it is not included in the table for comparison. “Not reported” indicates that esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was not described in the cited report. ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; F: Female; M: Male; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography; CT: Computed tomography; STER: Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; ALK: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase; CD: Cluster of differentiation; STAT6: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6; SMA: Smooth muscle actin; IgG4: Immunoglobulin G4.