Ferroptosis-mitochondria-related molecular subtypes and prognostic signature reveal immune and pathway heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 External validation performance summary of the six-gene risk score

Dataset	n	HR	95%CI	Cox P value	KM log-rank P	1-year AUC	3-year AUC	5-year AUC
GSE14520	221	1.60	1.01-2.54	0.047	0.158	0.623	0.567	0.508
ICGC-LIRI-JP	93	2.58	1.15-5.80	0.022	0.327	0.682	0.648	0.581

Hazard ratios were derived from univariate Cox regression using the continuous risk score. The dichotomized Kaplan-Meier analysis was used only to visualize risk-group separation. AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio; KM: Kaplan-Meier; ICGC-LIRI-JP: International Cancer Genome Consortium Liver Cancer-RIKEN Japan.

Table 2 Descriptive comparison of external International Cancer Genome Consortium validation performance with previously reported hepatocellular carcinoma prognostic signatures

Signature	Biological basis	Genes, n	External validation cohort	1-year AUC	3-year AUC	5-year AUC	Interpretation
Present ferroptosis-mitochondria model	Ferroptosis-mitochondria-related genes	6	ICGC-LIRI-JP	0.682	0.648	0.581	Moderate external performance
Ferroptosis-only model[12]	Ferroptosis-related genes	10	ICGC	0.680	0.718	NA	Reported external performance
Mitochondria-only model[13]	Mitochondria-related genes	6	ICGC	0.726	0.727	NA	Reported external performance

Values for References 12 and 13 were reproduced from the original reports. Training-cohort or full-cohort areas under the curve were not used as the primary basis for comparison because these estimates may represent apparent performance and may be affected by overfitting. The comparison focused on external International Cancer Genome Consortium validation results when available. Because cohort composition, expression preprocessing, endpoint definitions, modeling strategies, and cutoff methods differed across studies, this comparison should be interpreted as descriptive rather than as a formal head-to-head comparison. AUC: Area under the curve; ICGC: International Cancer Genome Consortium; NA: Not available; ICGC-LIRI-JP: International Cancer Genome Consortium Liver Cancer-RIKEN Japan.