Prognostic impact of post-chemoradiotherapy muscle quality in non-elderly adults with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Participant baseline characteristics stratified by survival state

Characteristics	Overall	Survival	Death	P value
Sex				0.851
Female	55 (21.6)	20 (7.8)	35 (13.7)
Male	200 (78.4)	70 (27.5)	130 (51)
Age (year)	63.9 ± 9.4	63.4 ± 7.9	64.1 ± 10.1	0.591
KPS				0.028
70	6 (2.4)	0 (0)	6 (2.4)
80	107 (42)	31 (12.2)	76 (29.8)
90	140 (54.9)	59 (23.1)	81 (31.8)
100	2 (0.8)	0 (0)	2 (0.8)
Smoking history				0.445
No	108 (42.4)	41 (16.1)	67 (26.3)
Yes	147 (57.6)	49 (19.2)	98 (38.4)
Alcohol history				0.091
No	115 (45.1)	47 (18.4)	68 (26.7)
Yes	140 (54.9)	43 (16.9)	97 (38)
Tumor location				0.428
Cervical	8 (3.1)	5 (2)	3 (1.2)
Upper thoracic	53 (20.8)	21 (8.2)	32 (12.5)
Middle thoracic	96 (37.6)	32 (12.5)	64 (25.1)
Lower thoracic	86 (33.7)	29 (11.4)	57 (22.4)
Abdominal	12 (4.7)	3 (1.2)	9 (3.5)
RT dose (Gy)	66 (62, 66)	66 (60, 66)	66 (64, 66)	0.039
Post-TC (mmol/L)	4.48 (3.81, 5.28)	4.91 (4.05, 5.53)	4.22 (3.72, 5.13)	0.002
Post-TG (mmol/L)	1.30 (0.94, 1.66)	1.44 (1.02, 1.79)	1.23 (0.90, 1.53)	0.010
Post-BMI (kg/m2)	21.1 ± 2.7	21.5 ± 2.7	20.9 ± 2.7	0.072
Post-Hb (g/L)	111.63 ± 15.53	112.02 ± 15.84	111.42 ± 15.39	0.475
Post-Alb (g/L)	37.54 ± 7.12	38.11 ± 10.14	37.22 ± 4.73	0.763
T stage				< 0.001
2	28 (11)	22 (8.6)	6 (2.4)
3	114 (44.7)	47 (18.4)	67 (26.3)
4	113 (44.3)	21 (8.2)	92 (36.1)
N stage				0.011
0	6 (2.4)	5 (2)	1 (0.4)
1	79 (31)	29 (11.4)	50 (19.6)
2	118 (46.3)	45 (17.6)	73 (28.6)
3	52 (20.4)	11 (4.3)	41 (16.1)
Clinical stage				0.583
I-III	138 (54.1)	48 (18.8)	90 (35.3)
IV	117 (45.9)	42 (16.5)	75 (29.4)
Post-MYO				0.126
No	58 (22.7)	25 (9.8)	33 (12.9)
Yes	197 (77.3)	65 (25.5)	132 (51.8)
Post-LMM				0.216
No	188 (74)	70 (27.6)	118 (46.5)
Yes	66 (26)	19 (7.5)	47 (18.5)

Categorical variables were presented as n (%). Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status; RT: Radiotherapy; Post-TC: Post-treatment total cholesterol; Post-TG: Post-treatment triglyceride; Post-BMI: Post-treatment body mass index; Post-Hb: Post-treatment hemoglobin; Post-Alb: Post-treatment albumin; Post-MYO: Post-treatment myosteatosis; Post-LMM: Post-treatment low muscle mass.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of factors associated with overall survival

Characteristics	Total (n)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Sex	255
Female	55	Reference
Male	200	1.037 (0.714-1.507)	0.849
Age	255	1.012 (0.993-1.030)	0.217
KPS	255
70	6	Reference		Reference
80	107	0.483 (0.210-1.110)	0.086	0.632 (0.266-1.504)	0.300
90	140	0.380 (0.166-0.872)	0.022	0.522 (0.220-1.234)	0.138
100	2	0.966 (0.195-4.795)	0.966	1.167 (0.224-6.064)	0.855
Smoking history	255
No	108	Reference
Yes	147	1.161 (0.851-1.585)	0.346
Alcohol history	255
No	115	Reference		Reference
Yes	140	1.335 (0.979-1.821)	0.068	1.475 (1.073-2.026)	0.017
Tumor location	255
Cervical	8	Reference
Upper thoracic	53	2.242 (0.686-7.327)	0.181
Middle thoracic	96	2.234 (0.701-7.118)	0.174
Lower thoracic	86	2.144 (0.670-6.860)	0.199
Abdominal	12	2.300 (0.622-8.505)	0.212
TNM	255
I-III	138	Reference
IV	117	1.036 (0.762-1.408)	0.822
Chemotherapy cycle	255	0.927 (0.822-1.044)	0.211
RT dose	255	1.012 (0.983-1.042)	0.405
Post-TC	255	0.786 (0.675-0.914)	0.002	0.840 (0.716-0.985)	0.032
Post-TG	255	0.616 (0.465-0.815)	< 0.001	0.707 (0.526-0.949)	0.021
Post-BMI	255	0.918 (0.864-0.976)	0.006	0.925 (0.866-0.989)	0.022
Post-Hb	255	0.998 (0.988-1.007)	0.636
Post-Alb	255	0.992 (0.969-1.016)	0.524
Post-PNI	255	1.002 (0.988-1.017)	0.747
Post-NLR	255	1.004 (0.992-1.017)	0.485
Post-LMM	254
No	66	Reference
Yes	188	0.767 (0.547-1.076)	0.125
Post-SMD	255
Low group	155	Reference		Reference
High group	100	0.709 (0.516-0.976)	0.035	0.654 (0.473-0.905)	0.010

HR: Hazard ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; KPS: Karnofsky Performance Status; RT: Radiotherapy; Post-TC: Post-treatment total cholesterol; Post-TG: Post-treatment triglyceride; Post-BMI: Post-treatment body mass index; Post-Hb: Post-treatment hemoglobin; Post-Alb: Post-treatment albumin; Post-PNI: Post-treatment Prognostic Nutritional Index; Post-NLR: Post-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Post-LMM: Post-treatment low muscle mass; Post-SMD: Post-treatment skeletal muscle density.