HMGA2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via transforming growth factor-β/small mothers against decapentaplegic 2

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients stratified by HMGA2 expression, n (%)

Characteristic		Patients	HMGA2 (-)	HMGA2 (+)	χ2 value	P value
Gender	Female	21 (34.43)	10	11	0.131	0.717
	Male	40 (65.57)	21	19
Age (year)	< 60	30 (49.18)	14	16	0.407	0.523
	≥ 60	31 (50.82)	17	14
TBIL (μmol/L)	< 26	19 (31.15)	11	8	0.553	0.457
	≥ 26	42 (68.85)	20	22
GGT (U/L)	< 60	8 (13.11)	4	4	0.000	1.000
	≥ 60	53 (86.89)	27	26
ALP (U/L)	< 125	8 (13.11)	5	3	0.109	0.742
	≥ 125	53 (86.69)	26	27
CEA (ng/mL)	< 3.4	36 (59.02)	19	17	0.135	0.714
	≥ 3.4	25 (40.98)	12	13
CA125 (U/mL)	< 35	28 (45.90)	15	13	0.157	0.692
	≥ 35	33 (54.10)	16	17
CA199 (U/mL)	< 27	25 (40.98)	12	13	0.135	0.714
	≥ 27	36 (59.02)	19	17
Hepatitis B	Negative	51 (83.61)	27	24	0.162	0.687
	Positive	10 (16.39)	4	6
Hepatitis C	Negative	57 (93.44)	30	27	0.304	0.581
	Positive	4 (6.56)	1	3
Bile duct stones	No	31 (50.82)	17	14	0.407	0.523
	Yes	30 (49.18)	14	16
Differentiation degree	Well/moderately	40 (65.57)	22	18	0.812	0.367
	Poorly	21 (34.43)	9	12
Tumor size (cm)	< 3	22 (36.07)	10	12	0.396	0.529
	≥ 3	39 (63.93)	21	18
Bile duct type	Small	34 (55.74)	19	15	0.788	0.375
	Large	27 (44.26)	12	15
Surgical margin	Negative	57 (93.44)	29	28	0.000	1.000
	Positive	4 (6.56)	2	2
Vascular invasion	No	32 (52.46)	16	16	0.018	0.893
	Yes	29 (47.54)	15	14
Perineural invasion	No	30 (49.18)	18	12	1.991	0.158
	Yes	31 (50.82)	13	18
Lymph node metastasis	No	49 (80.33)	27	22	1.828	0.176
	Yes	12 (19.67)	4	8
Postoperative chemotherapy	No	20 (32.79)	9	11	0.403	0.525
	Yes	41 (67.21)	22	19

TBIL: Total bilirubin; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199.

Table 2 Univariate analyses of overall survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients

Variables	Factors	β	SE	Wald	P value	HR (95%CI)
Gender	Female/male	-0.221	0.312	0.502	0.479	0.802 (0.435-1.478)
Age	< 60/≥ 60	0.092	0.297	0.096	0.756	1.097 (0.612-1.964)
TBIL (μmol/L)	< 26/≥ 26	0.011	0.322	0.001	0.972	1.011 (0.538-1.901)
GGT (U/L)	< 60/≥ 60	0.430	0.477	0.810	0.368	1.537 (0.603-3.915)
ALP (U/L)	< 125/≥ 125	0.547	0.478	1.310	0.252	1.728 (0.677-4.406)
CEA (ng/mL)	< 3.4/≥ 3.4	0.119	0.299	0.158	0.691	1.126 (0.626-2.025)
CA125 (U/mL)	< 35/≥ 35	-0.373	0.304	1.506	0.220	0.689 (0.380-1.249)
CA199 (U/mL)	< 27/≥ 27	0.335	0.314	1.140	0.286	1.398 (0.756-2.585)
Hepatitis B	Negative/positive	-0.294	0.443	0.440	0.507	0.745 (0.313-1.776)
Hepatitis C	Negative/positive	0.299	0.535	0.313	0.576	1.349 (0.473-3.846)
Bile duct stones	No/yes	-0.208	0.296	0.493	0.483	0.812 (0.454-1.452)
Differentiation degree	Well, moderately/poorly	0.834	0.322	6.706	0.010	2.302 (1.225-4.328)
Tumor size	< 3/≥ 3	0.279	0.317	0.776	0.378	1.322 (0.711-2.460)
Bile duct type	Small/large	0.302	0.296	1.043	0.307	1.353 (0.757-2.417)
Surgical margin	Negative/positive	1.114	0.544	4.194	0.041	3.045 (1.049-8.840)
Vascular invasion	No/yes	0.684	0.310	4.869	0.027	1.982 (1.079-3.639)
Perineural invasion	No/yes	0.072	0.296	0.059	0.808	1.075 (0.602-1.920)
Lymph node metastasis	No/yes	0.282	0.361	0.610	0.435	1.326 (0.653-2.693)
Postoperative chemotherapy	No/yes	0.147	0.327	0.203	0.652	1.159 (0.610-2.199)
HMGA2	Negative/positive	0.790	0.323	5.977	0.014	2.203 (1.170-4.148)

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TBIL: Total bilirubin; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA125: Carbohydrate antigen 125; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199.

Table 3 Multivariate analyses of overall survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients

Variables	Factors	β	SE	Wald	P value	HR (95%CI)
Differentiation degree	Well, moderately/poorly	0.610	0.349	3.045	0.081	1.840 (0.928-3.650)
Surgical margin	Negative/positive	0.416	0.588	0.501	0.479	1.516 (0.479-4.800)
Vascular invasion	No/yes	0.713	0.323	4.869	0.027	2.040 (1.083-3.844)
HMGA2	Negative/positive	0.820	0.342	5.769	0.016	2.271 (1.163-4.437)

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.