Interventional radiology in the management of malignant biliary obstruction

Figure 1 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrating obstruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts due to a hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Figure 2 External biliary drainage catheter placed with common bile duct (CBD) obstruction secondary to pancreatic carcinoma.

Figure 3 Biopsy forceps in use at the distal CBD in this patient with pancreatic carcinoma.

Figure 4 Images showing different configurations of stents for bi-lobar biliary drainage.

Figure 5 Internal-external drainage catheter in place across a small common hepatic duct cholangiocarcinoma (arrow).

Figure 6 PTC shows tumor over-growth at the proximal end of the stent with no contrast flow distally. Also, tumor in-growth as evidenced by lack of contrast opacification outside the new coaxially placed stent.

Figure 7 CT scan showing an abscess in the right lobe of liver, secondary to cholangitis affecting undrained right hepatic ducts.