Direct gastric invasion is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma involving the lower-third esophagus

Figure 1 Study flow chart. CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier survival curves for overall survival according to treatment modality among 23 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and direct gastric invasion. CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; CRT + OP: Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.

Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival among 176 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma involving the lower third of the esophagus who received chemoradiotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. A: Overall survival according to the presence or absence of gastric invasion; B: Overall survival according to gastric invasion status and treatment modality. CRT: Chemoradiotherapy; CRT + OP: Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.