At the end of the last century, a far-sighted 'working party' held in Sydney, Australia addressed the clinicopathological issues related to gastric inflammatory diseases. A few years later, an international conference held in Houston, Texas, USA critically updated the seminal Sydney classification. In line with these initiatives, Kyoto Global Consensus Report, flanked by the Maastricht-Florence conferences, added new clinical evidence to the gastritis clinicopathological puzzle.The most relevant topics related to the gastric inflammatory diseases have been addressed by the Real-world Gastritis Initiative (RE.GA.IN.), from disease definitions to the clinical diagnosis and prognosis. This paper reports the conclusions of the RE.GA.IN. consensus process, which culminated in Venice in November 2022 after more than 8 months of intense global scientific deliberations. A forum of gastritis scholars from five continents participated in the multidisciplinary RE.GA.IN. consensus. After lively debates on the most controversial aspects of the gastritis spectrum, the RE.GA.IN. Faculty amalgamated complementary knowledge to distil patient-centred, evidence-based statements to assist health professionals in their real-world clinical practice. The sections of this report focus on: the epidemiology of gastritis; Helicobacter pylori as dominant aetiology of environmental gastritis and as the most important determinant of the gastric oncogenetic field; the evolving knowledge on gastric autoimmunity; the clinicopathological relevance of gastric microbiota; the new diagnostic horizons of endoscopy; and the clinical priority of histologically reporting gastritis in terms of staging. The ultimate goal of RE.GA.IN. was and remains the promotion of further improvement in the clinical management of patients with gastritis.

The burden of cancer can be altered by screening. The field of cancer screening is constantly evolving; from the initiation of program for new cancer types as well as exploring innovative screening strategies (e.g. new screening tests). The aim of this study was to perform a landscape analysis of existing cancer screening programs in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific.

We conducted an overview of cancer screening in the region with the goal of summarizing current designs of cancer screening programs. First, a selective narrative literature review was used as an exploration to identify countries with organized screening programs. Second, representatives of each country with an organized program were approached and asked to provide relevant information on the organizations of their national or regional cancer screening program.

There was wide variation in the screening strategies offered in the considered region with only eight programs identified as having an organized design. The majority of these programs did not meet all the essential criteria for being organized screening. The greatest variation was observed in the starting and stopping ages.

Essential criteria of organized screening are missed. Improving organization is crucial to ensure that the beneficial effects of screening are achieved in the long-term. It is strongly recommended to consider a regional cancer screening network.

In this study, we aimed to assess the accuracy of the proposed novel, noninvasive serum DSC test in predicting the risk of gastric cancer before the use of upper endoscopy. To validate the DSC test, we enrolled two series of individuals living in Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy (n = 53 and n = 113, respectively), who were referred for an endoscopy. The classification used for the DSC test to predict gastric cancer risk combines the coefficient of the patient's age and sex and serum pepsinogen I and II, gastrin 17, and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G concentrations in two equations: Y1 and Y2. The coefficient of variables and the Y1 and Y2 cutoff points (>0.385 and >0.294, respectively) were extrapolated using regression analysis and an ROC curve analysis of two retrospective datasets (300 cases for the Y1 equation and 200 cases for the Y2 equation). The first dataset included individuals with autoimmune atrophic gastritis and first-degree relatives with gastric cancer; the second dataset included blood donors. Demographic data were collected; serum pepsinogen, gastrin G17, and anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG concentrations were assayed using an automatic Maglumi system. Gastroscopies were performed by gastroenterologists using an Olympus video endoscope with detailed photographic documentation during examinations. Biopsies were taken at five standardized mucosa sites and were assessed by a pathologist for diagnosis. The accuracy of the DSC test in predicting neoplastic gastric lesions was estimated to be 74.657% (65%CI; 67.333% to 81.079%). The DSC test was found to be a useful, noninvasive, and simple approach to predicting gastric cancer risk in a population with a medium risk of developing gastric cancer.