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Mukenge EK, Sumbu BMM, Nkodila AN, Muwonga JM, Makulo JRR, Ngole MZ, Bepouka BI, Longokolo MM, Kamwiziku G, Situakibanza HN, Kayembe JMN, Longo-Mbenza B, Mvumbi GL, Buassa-Bu-Tsumbu B, Makangara JC, Mashinda DK, Mafuta EM, Mangala DS, Nkanga MN, Ilunga GN, Nkunda FT, Lengo CN, Ahuka SM. Incidence of dynamic seroconversion in subjects received the first dose of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine (AstraZeneca, Moderna and Pfizer) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2025; 25:342. [PMID: 40069636 PMCID: PMC11899428 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-025-10754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass vaccination efforts worldwide have reduced the incidence of COVID-19, but despite this reduction, seroconversion studies in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of seroconversion in subjects who received the first dose of SARS-COV-2 vaccine (AstraZeneca, Moderna and Pfizer) in Kinshasa. METHODS This was a prospective study recruiting 918 subjects vaccinated at the Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa between 19 April and 14 August 2021. Sociodemographic, haematological, biochemical and serological data were collected. Cox proportional hazards were used to identify predictors of seroconversion with a threshold of p < 0.05. RESULTS Of the 918 vaccinated individuals, 69.3% were men with a mean age of 47.4 ± 16.0 years. The incidence of seroconversion at last follow-up was 3.00 per 100 P-D. Patients receiving Pfizer (aRR: 3.19; 95% CI: 2.62-3.88) and Modern (aRR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.60-2.29) vaccines, men (aRR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.89-3.20), those with comorbidities (aRR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.89-3.21); subjects with normal creatinine (aRR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.88-3.32) and normal ALT (aRR: 3.04; 95% CI: 1.89-4.22) were the factors independently predicting seroconversion. CONCLUSION The vaccines used had conferred significant immunity on subjects upon receipt of the first dose. This immunity appears to be greater when using the mRNA vaccine than when using the inactivated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kasongo Mukenge
- Department of Clinical Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Protestant University of Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - Jeremie Masidi Muwonga
- Department of Clinical Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Mamy Zita Ngole
- Department of Clinical Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Ben Izizag Bepouka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Guyguy Kamwiziku
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | | | - Benjamin Longo-Mbenza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - George Lelo Mvumbi
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jean Claude Makangara
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Eric Musalu Mafuta
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Donatien Sonzi Mangala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Mireille Nganga Nkanga
- Department of Clinical Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Gustave Ntita Ilunga
- Department of Clinical Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Fonce Tshibawu Nkunda
- Department of Clinical Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Christian Nsimba Lengo
- Department of Clinical Biology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Steve Mundeke Ahuka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Haq MA, Roy AK, Ahmed R, Kuddusi RU, Sinha M, Hossain MS, Vandenent M, Islam MZ, Zaman RU, Kibria MG, Razzaque A, Raqib R, Sarker P. Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11467. [PMID: 38769324 PMCID: PMC11106241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated the longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 vaccines and the risk of (re)infection in Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm vaccines were enrolled at 2-4 weeks after second dosing and followed-up at 4-monthly interval for 1 year. Data on COVID-like symptoms, confirmed COVID-19 infection, co-morbidities, and receipt of booster dose were collected; blood was collected for measuring spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies. S-specific antibody titers reduced by ~ 50% at 1st follow-up visit and continued to decline unless re-stimulated by booster vaccine dose or (re)infection. Individuals infected between follow-up visits showed significantly lower S-antibody titers at preceding visits compared to the uninfected individuals. Pre-enrolment infection between primary vaccination dosing exhibited 60% and 50% protection against reinfection at 5 and 9 months, respectively. mRNA vaccines provided highest odds of protection from (re)infection up to 5 months (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.08), however, protection persisted for 9 months in AstraZeneca vaccine recipients (OR = 0.06). In conclusion, vaccine-mediated protection from (re)infection is partially linked to elevated levels of S-specific antibodies. AstraZeneca vaccine provided the longest protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsanul Haq
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Razu Ahmed
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rakib Ullah Kuddusi
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Monika Sinha
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Hossain
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Golam Kibria
- Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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Ma QL, Huang FM, Guo W, Feng KY, Huang T, Cai YD. Machine Learning Classification of Time since BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination Based on Array-Measured Antibody Activity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1304. [PMID: 37374086 DOI: 10.3390/life13061304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines trigger an immunological response that includes B and T cells, with B cells producing antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 immunity weakens over time after vaccination. Discovering key changes in antigen-reactive antibodies over time after vaccination could help improve vaccine efficiency. In this study, we collected data on blood antibody levels in a cohort of healthcare workers vaccinated for COVID-19 and obtained 73 antigens in samples from four groups according to the duration after vaccination, including 104 unvaccinated healthcare workers, 534 healthcare workers within 60 days after vaccination, 594 healthcare workers between 60 and 180 days after vaccination, and 141 healthcare workers over 180 days after vaccination. Our work was a reanalysis of the data originally collected at Irvine University. This data was obtained in Orange County, California, USA, with the collection process commencing in December 2020. British variant (B.1.1.7), South African variant (B.1.351), and Brazilian/Japanese variant (P.1) were the most prevalent strains during the sampling period. An efficient machine learning based framework containing four feature selection methods (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, light gradient boosting machine, Monte Carlo feature selection, and maximum relevance minimum redundancy) and four classification algorithms (decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, and support vector machine) was designed to select essential antibodies against specific antigens. Several efficient classifiers with a weighted F1 value around 0.75 were constructed. The antigen microarray used for identifying antibody levels in the coronavirus features ten distinct SARS-CoV-2 antigens, comprising various segments of both nucleocapsid protein (NP) and spike protein (S). This study revealed that S1 + S2, S1.mFcTag, S1.HisTag, S1, S2, Spike.RBD.His.Bac, Spike.RBD.rFc, and S1.RBD.mFc were most highly ranked among all features, where S1 and S2 are the subunits of Spike, and the suffixes represent the tagging information of different recombinant proteins. Meanwhile, the classification rules were obtained from the optimal decision tree to explain quantitatively the roles of antigens in the classification. This study identified antibodies associated with decreased clinical immunity based on populations with different time spans after vaccination. These antibodies have important implications for maintaining long-term immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fei-Ming Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kai-Yan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Hosseinian S, de Assis R, Khalil G, Luu M, Jain A, Horvath P, Nakajima R, Palma AM, Hoang A, Razzak E, Garcia N, Alger J, Kalantari M, Silzel EK, Jasinskas A, Zaldivar F, Schubl SD, Felgner PL, Khan S. Analysis and comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant antibodies and neutralizing activity for 6 months after a booster mRNA vaccine in a healthcare worker population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166261. [PMID: 37266444 PMCID: PMC10229859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a detailed characterization of antibody persistence over a 6-month period following vaccine booster dose is necessary to crafting effective public health policies on repeat vaccination. Methods To characterize the SARS-CoV-2 antibody profile of a healthcare worker population over a 6-month period following mRNA vaccination and booster dose. 323 healthcare workers at an academic medical center in Orange County, California who had completed primary vaccination and booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 were recruited for the study. A total of 690 blood specimens over a 6-month period were collected via finger-stick blood and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against 9 SARS-CoV-2 antigens using a coronavirus antigen microarray. Results The primary outcome of this study was the average SARS-CoV-2 antibody level as measured using a novel coronavirus antigen microarray. Additional outcomes measured include levels of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2. We also measured SARS-CoV-2 neutralization capacity for a subset of the population to confirm correlation with antibody levels. Although antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wane throughout the 6-month period following a booster dose, antibody levels remain higher than pre-boost levels. However, a booster dose of vaccine based on the original Wuhan strain generates approximately 3-fold lower antibody reactivity against Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 as compared to the vaccine strain. Despite waning antibody levels, neutralization activity against the vaccine strain is maintained throughout the 6-month period. Discussion In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections, our data indicate that breakthrough infections are likely driven by novel variants with different antibody specificity and not by time since last dose of vaccination, indicating that development of vaccinations specific to these novel variants is necessary to prevent future surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hosseinian
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rafael de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ghali Khalil
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Madeleine K. Luu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Peter Horvath
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Anton M. Palma
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Hoang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Eisa Razzak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Garcia
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Alger
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mina Kalantari
- Innovative Health Diagnostics, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Emily K. Silzel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sebastian D. Schubl
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Saahir Khan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Khan S, Hosseinian S, Assis R, Khalil G, Luu M, Jain A, Horvath P, Nakajima R, Palma A, Hoang A, Razzak E, Garcia N, Alger J, Kalantari M, Silzel E, Jasinskas A, Zaldivar F, Schubl S, Felgner P. Analysis and comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variant antibodies and neutralizing activity for 6 months after a booster mRNA vaccine in a healthcare worker population. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-2180753. [PMID: 36561177 PMCID: PMC9774221 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2180753/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a detailed characterization of antibody persistence over a 6-month period following vaccine booster dose is necessary to crafting effective public health policies on repeat vaccination. To characterize the SARS-CoV-2 antibody profile of a healthcare worker population over a 6-month period following mRNA vaccination and booster dose. 323 healthcare workers at an academic medical center in Orange County, California who had completed primary vaccination and booster dose against SARS-CoV-2 were recruited for the study. A total of 690 blood specimens over a 6-month period were collected via finger-stick blood and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against 9 SARS-CoV-2 antigens using a coronavirus antigen microarray. The primary outcome of this study was the average SARS-CoV-2 antibody level as measured using a novel coronavirus antigen microarray. Additional outcomes measured include levels of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 variants including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2. We also measured SARS-CoV-2 neutralization capacity for a subset of the population to confirm correlation with antibody levels. Although antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wane throughout the 6-month period following a booster dose, antibody levels remain higher than pre-boost levels. However, a booster dose of vaccine generates approximately 3-fold lower antibody reactivity against Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 as compared to the original Wuhan strain. Despite waning antibody levels, neutralization activity against the original Wuhan strain is maintained throughout the 6-month period. In the context of recurrent surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections despite vaccination with booster doses, our data indicate that breakthrough infections are likely driven by novel variants with different antibody specificity and not by time since last dose of vaccination, indicating that development of vaccinations specific to these novel variants is necessary to prevent future surges of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Hoshida S, Koeda N, Hattori H, Tanaka M, Tanaka I, Fukui H, Fujita J, Sasaki Y, Tamura S. Age- and sex-based changes in spike protein antibody status after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and effect of past-infection in healthcare workers in Osaka. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:709. [PMID: 36028796 PMCID: PMC9412794 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to compare the changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres based on age group and sex using paired blood sampling after vaccination in association with the presence of nucleocapsid protein antibody. Methods All participants were healthcare workers at Yao Municipal Hospital in Osaka who voluntarily provided peripheral blood samples (n = 636, men/women 151/485, mean age 45 years). We investigated the serial changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres at 1 and 7 months after the second vaccination regarding their relationship with sex and age group. At 7 months, we also examined anti-nucleocapsid assays. Antibody titres were shown as logarithmic values and the differences were assessed using a paired or unpaired student’s t-test as appropriate. Results Among participants younger than 30 years, the antibody titres of spike protein were significantly higher in women one (p = 0.005) and seven (p = 0.038) months after vaccination. However, among those aged 30–49 years, the antibody titres were not different between the sexes at either follow-up time point. In contrast, among those aged 50–59 years, between-sex differences in antibody titres were observed only at 7 months, which was associated with a significant reduction in men. A significant negative correlation was observed between the antibody titres for spike protein at both time points in participants with positive nucleocapsid protein antibody at 7 months (r = − 0.467, p = 0.043), although a significant positive correlation was observed in those with negative results (r = 0.645, p < 0.001), Conclusions Between-sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres by paired blood sampling at different time points after vaccination depended on age group. The presence of nucleocapsid protein antibody was associated with changes in spike protein antibody titres after vaccination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07695-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Hoshida
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Koeda
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Hideki Hattori
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukui
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Junya Fujita
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tamura
- Department of Clinical Practice, Yao Municipal Hospital, 1-3-1 Ryuge-cho, Yao, Osaka, 581-0069, Japan
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