This was a pooled analysis of data from weekly vinorelbine (VNR) treatment arms of four individual open-label, phase II studies to assess and refine the efficacy and tolerance of weekly oral VNR in a larger cohort of patients with advanced NSCLC.

All patients included in this pooled analysis received oral VNR at the dose of 60 mg/m2 weekly at cycle 1 (3-week cycle), followed by an increase to 80 mg/m2 weekly for subsequent cycles until disease progression or toxicity. Efficacy was based on objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease control rate (DCR).

A total of 247 patients were included. The ORR and DCR were 8.9% and 57.5% respectively, median PFS and OS were 3.3 and 8.5 months, respectively. Less than half (40.7%) of patients reported ≥1 serious AE (regardless of causality), with 12.3% reporting ≥1 treatment-related serious AE (grade ≥3: 11.1%). The most reported grade ≥3 AEs were neutropenia (17.6%), fatigue (5.8%), and decreased appetite (4.9%).

This pooled analysis showed that weekly oral VRN is a valid option, with an acceptable safety profile, in this population of patients with advanced NSCLC, confirming results from previous individual studies.

This bibliometric analysis aims to explore scientific data on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Head and Neck Cancer (HNC).

AI-related HNC articles from the Web of Science Core Collection were searched. VosViewer and Biblioshiny/Bibiometrix for R Studio were used for data synthesis. This analysis covered key characteristics such as sources, authors, affiliations, countries, citations and top cited articles, keyword analysis, and trending topics.

A total of 1,019 papers from 1995 to 2024 were included. Among them, 71.6% were original research articles, 7.6% were reviews, and 20.8% took other forms. The fifty most cited documents highlighted radiology as the most explored specialty, with an emphasis on deep learning models for segmentation. The publications have been increasing, with an annual growth rate of 94.4% after 2016. Among the 20 most productive countries, 14 are high-income economies. The keywords of strong citation revealed 2 main clusters: radiomics and radiotherapy. The most frequently keywords include machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence, and head and neck cancer, with recent emphasis on diagnosis, survival prediction, and histopathology.

There has been an increase in the use of AI in HNC research since 2016 and indicated a notable disparity in publication quantity between high-income and low/middle-income countries. Future research should prioritize clinical validation and standardization to facilitate the integration of AI in HNC management, particularly in underrepresented regions.

Radiomics is widely used to assist in clinical decision-making, disease diagnosis, and treatment planning for various target organs, including the breast. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have helped enhance radiomics analysis.

Herein, we sought to improve radiomics analysis by incorporating LLM-learned clinical knowledge, to classify benign and malignant tumors in breast mammography. We extracted radiomics features from the mammograms based on the region of interest and retained the features related to the target task. Using prompt engineering, we devised an input sequence that reflected the selected features and the target task. The input sequence was fed to the chosen LLM (LLaMA variant), which was fine-tuned using low-rank adaptation to enhance radiomics features. This was then evaluated on two mammogram datasets (VinDr-Mammo and INbreast) against conventional baselines.

The enhanced radiomics-based method performed better than baselines using conventional radiomics features tested on two mammogram datasets, achieving accuracies of 0.671 for the VinDr-Mammo dataset and 0.839 for the INbreast dataset. Conventional radiomics models require retraining from scratch for an unseen dataset using a new set of features. In contrast, the model developed in this study effectively reused the common features between the training and unseen datasets by explicitly linking feature names with feature values, leading to extensible learning across datasets. Our method performed better than the baseline method in this retraining setting using an unseen dataset.

Our method, one of the first to incorporate LLM into radiomics, has the potential to improve radiomics analysis.

Kaiso, a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer. Our research focuses on Kaiso inhibitros. Through virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulations, we discovered a promising Kaiso inhibitor called compound 5 (ZINC20577650). By modifying the structure of compound 5, a series of novel Kaiso inhibitors that contain a diphenyl ether ring were synthesized. Among them, compound 20 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against A549 cells (IC50 = 0.34 μM). Notably, its inhibitory activity surpassed that of the positive control MIRA-1 (IC50 = 654.065 μM). Molecular docking and dynamic studies revealed that the binding of the compound's amino and ester moieties to the active site of kaiso protein, as well as the extension of the benzene ring towards the Asn561 position in the cavity, contributed significantly to its potency. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of new Kaiso inhibitors.

Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) and Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC) are leading causes of cancer death worldwide, but their early detections remain hindered by a lack of genetic markers. Our study aims to find prospective biomarkers that could serve as prognostic indicators for efficient drug candidates for KIRC and LIHC treatment.

To detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs), four datasets were used: GSE66271 and GSE213324 for KIRC, and GSE135631 and GSE202853 for LIHC. Visualization of DEGs was done using heatmaps, volcano plots, and Venn diagrams. Hub genes were identified via PPI analysis and the cytoHubba plugin in Cytoscape. Their expression was evaluated using box plots, stage plots, and survival plots for prognostic assessment via GEPIA2. Molecular docking with PyRx's AutoDock Vina identified optimal binding interactions between compounds and proteins. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity analyses reinforced the drug-likeness and safety of these compounds.

In this study, 47 DEGs were identified, with the top 10 hub genes being TOP2A, BUB1, PTTG1, CCNB2, NUSAP1, KIF20A, BIRC5, RRM2, NDC80 and CDC45, chosen for their high MCC scores. Data mining revealed a correlation between TOP2A expression and clinical survival outcomes in KIRC and LIHC patients. Docking studies of the TOP2A structure identified a promising compound from Andrographis paniculata with high binding energy and interactions with TOP2A. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity assessments support its potential as a drug candidate.

Our study emphasizes TOP2A's prognostic significance in KIRC and LIHC and recognizes Andrographis paniculata compound as potential therapeutics, offering prospective for enhanced treatment and patient outcomes in these cancers.

Breast cancer remains the most diagnosed cancer among women world-wide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths accounting for 15% of deaths in 2018. Worldwide, the incidence increased from 1.4 million in 2011 to over 2 million in 2018 with a concomitant increase in mortality from 458,400 to 626,679 in the same period. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Botswana, have a disproportionate burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality and there is an urgent need to characterise the unique tumour molecular profiles that may be influencing mortality in these populations. Methods A retrospective study of 125 archived mastectomy specimens (from 2006 to 2009) from women with breast cancer in Botswana was conducted. We determined molecular characteristics of breast cancers by carrying out four immunohistochemistry (IHC)classification (PR, ER, HER2 receptors and Ki 67), cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR1.Statistical software STATA and SPSS were used to determine the relationship between histology, IHC of biomarkers of interest. Results Out of 125 breast cancer tissues, the distribution of molecular subtypes were as follows: Luminal A (44/125; 35.2%), Luminal B (and TNBC (23/125; 18,4%), HER2 Enriched (17/125; 13.6%), and Luminal B HER2 Enriched (9/125; 7.2%), Basal (9/125; 7.2%), and CK5/6 was expressed by 12.8% (16/125) of tumours. Furthermore 6% of the tumours were basal positive luminal tumours. Morphological 76% of tumours were IDC-NOS and 24% were special type, majority were grade 2 (40%) followed by grade 1(30.4%), grade 3 (23.2%) was and mucinous types were 6.4%. Clinical staging and tumour involvement data were incomplete. Conclusion The discovery of basal positive luminal breast tumours in women from Botswana original not accounted for in the four distinct molecular subtype calls for an expanded antibody panel 6-IHC panel) in order to stratify women of African descent patients into good/poor prognostic groups. Characterising tumour subtypes will better inform optimal therapeutic regimens for women with breast cancer in Botswana.

Primary liver cancer ranks as the sixth most prevalent malignant tumor and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, posing a significant threat to public health. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone treatment for achieving radical cure and prolonged survival in HCC patients. Contrary to Western countries, the majority of HCC patients in China present with hepatitis B virus infection and consequent liver cirrhosis, with most cases diagnosed at an intermediate or advanced stage. This complexity results in a poor prognosis. Recent advancements in local therapeutic techniques and the introduction of systemic therapies, including targeted and immunotherapy agents, have provided new avenues for both clinical and basic conversion therapy for advanced HCC. Integrating multi-dimensional local and systemic therapies, multi-modal sequential, and comprehensive multidisciplinary approaches into the management of HCC patients has demonstrated promising conversion success rates. This holistic management strategy involves combining multiple treatment modalities vertically and coordinating various disciplines horizontally. However, significant challenges remain, including the precise selection of patients eligible for conversion therapy, the optimal choice of conversion therapy regimens, and the accurate determination of surgical timing post-conversion therapy. Addressing these challenges is crucial for hepatobiliary surgeons. High-quality, randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to generate robust evidence for clinical practice. This review aims to synthesize the latest research developments both in China and internationally and examines key issues in the realm of HCC conversion therapy.

The pathogenesis of CRC requires primary genetic and epigenetic mechanisms including, methylation of CpG islands of the genes. In the current study, micro RNA-139-5p (miR-139-5p) promoter methylated DNA was evaluated in tumor tissue and plasma samples from CRC affected patients.

MiR-139-5p promoter methylation was investigated in 80 samples of tumoral tissue and healthy marginal tissue and the same number of plasma samples, using the MethyLight method. The miR-139-5p expression was assessed using the qPCR method. BT (Bioassay Technology) Elisa kit was applied to measure RAP-1b as a target gene of miR-139-5p.

Median PMR values of 12.4 (95% CI, 3.23-32.25) and 0.66 (95%CI, 0.51-1.0) were obtained from plasma samples of CRC patients and controls, sequentially. In plasma samples, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-139-5p promoter methylated marker were 75% and 92.5%, in the same order (AUC = 0.958). Lower expression of miR-139-5p in plasma and tumor tissue of patients (P < 0.001) was shown. Also, a significant rise of RAP-1b protein concentration was observed in both mentioned specimens.

Hyper-methylation of miR-139-5p could be suggested as high accuracy diagnostic biomarker for the detection of CRC in plasma samples, pending further validation with large prospective studies.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, faces treatment challenges due to drug resistance and poor bioavailability, with sorafenib, a key therapy, characterized by rapid clearance and significant side effects. This paper describes the development of amphiphilic graft copolymers for efficient loading and delivery of sorafenib through controlled Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). The amphiphilic graft copolymer PHEA-g-IB-(pButMA)-g-PEG-Bt was synthesized to enhance tumor specificity via biotin-mediated targeting. The synthesis involved a three-step process, with successful functionalization confirmed through NMR and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) analyses. Sorafenib-loaded nanoparticles, prepared via dialysis-based nanoprecipitation, exhibited a mean size of ∼ 300 nm, suitable for oral and parenteral administration, while drug release studies confirmed a sustained release profile, minimizing premature systemic loss and reducing the need for frequent administration. Evaluation of cytocompatibility and anticancer efficacy tested in vitro on HepG2 and HuH-7 cell lines revealed that biotinylated sorafenib-loaded nanoparticles had the highest ability to reduce cell viability. The enhanced anticancer effect of biotinylated NPs was validated in vivo using a murine tumor xenograft model, as evidenced by reduced tumor growth, lower Ki-67 proliferation index, and diminished CD31-positive vasculature. Protein expression analysis demonstrated that PBB-Bt@SOR elicited the strongest activation of p-p38 MAPK and caspase-8-mediated apoptosis, while enhancing the expression of the pro-survival AKT pathway. Overall, the study confirms that biotinylated sorafenib-loaded nanoparticles improve tumor suppression in HCC models, demonstrating their effectiveness in targeted drug delivery. These findings suggest biotin decorated polyamino aspartamide-based nanoparticles as a promising strategy to optimize chemotherapy regimens, minimizing systemic toxicity in HCC treatment.

The effect of statin use on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still unclear. In this umbrella review, we aimed to assess the available evidence for the association of statin use and HCC risk in the target population.

We carried out an umbrella review of previous systematic reviews/meta-analyses indexed in Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases and published between Jan 1st, 2013, and Oct 22, 2024. We used random effects models to recalculate summary risk estimates for HCC incidence. Using A Measurement Tool to Assess methodological quality of systematic Review (AMSTAR2) tool, two independent reviewers evaluated each article for eligibility and methodologic quality and gathered data from the included studies.

Of the initially identified 1,038 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, three non-overlapping studies with medium/high quality were included for qualitative synthesis. Statin use in people with T2DM was reported in six studies belonging to two meta-analyses. The results showed that statins were associated with a decreased risk of HCC (RR: 0.16, 95% CI: [0.03, 0.98]). However, the association was nonsignificant in patients with MASLD comprising five studies from one meta-analysis (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: [0.56, 1.40]).

Statin use is associated with a decreased incidence of HCC in people with T2DM. In patients with MASLD, the association is not significant. However, the effects of other variables including the stage of inflammation and/or liver fibrosis on the outcome need to be explored in future studies.

Metastasis to the clivus and sphenoid sinus from breast cancer is exceedingly rare, with few cases documented in the literature. This case report presents a 68-year-old female with a history of breast cancer who developed metastasis to the clivus extending into the sphenoid sinus. The clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic interventions are discussed, with a review of similar cases in the literature to highlight the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in facilitating a range of cancerous processes by modulating the tumor microenvironment thus being a target for cancer treatment. Astragaloside III (AS-III), a compound derived from Astragalus triterpenoid saponins, has demonstrated immunomodulatory and anticancer properties, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that AS-III suppressed metastasis, angiogenesis and induced apoptosis of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting macrophage M2 polarization and inducing M1 phenotype transformation. This was achieved through the inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the tumor inhibitory effects of AS-III were found to be mediated by the Akt/mTOR pathway. Overall, these results highlight the role of AS-III in modifying the TAMs in TME, offering fresh perspectives on tumor immunotherapy by means of targeting macrophage.

Transcription factor E74 like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4), a member of the ETS family, is highly expressed in normal human hematopoietic tissue, ovary, placenta, colon, and certain pathological cell lines. During normal physiological processes, ELF4 regulates differentiation in osteogenic, adipocyte, and neuronal types. It also exerts a critical impact on the development of the immune system. However, its function is dysregulated through posttranslational modifications, gene fusions, and complex signaling crosstalk under pathological conditions. Furthermore, serving as a double-edged sword in cancer, ELF4 exhibits both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting effects. Specifically, ELF4 plays a critical role in cancer metastasis, proliferation, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This review provides an in-depth overview of the molecular structure and post-translational modifications of ELF4. It also summarizes the hallmarks of ELF4 in physiology and diseases, with a particular focus on its significance in oncology. Notably, this review underscores the potential of ELF4 as a prognostic biomarker, highlighting its clinical relevance. Finally, it discusses unresolved questions and future research directions of ELF4. An in-depth understanding of ELF4 biology could facilitate its clinical translation and offer promising targeted therapeutic strategies.

Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who have residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) benefit from adjuvant capecitabine. Older patients are not always treated according to guidelines, likely due to concerns regarding tolerance. We examined the use of adjuvant capecitabine, its association with outcomes, and subsequent emergency room visits (ER) and hospitalizations (HSP) among older patients with early-stage TNBC.

Retrospective, observational study using data in the SEER-Medicare database. Older patients (≥ 66 years) with early-stage TNBC, diagnosed in 2010-2019, who received NACT, underwent surgery, and were prescribed adjuvant capecitabine were included. We analyzed capecitabine use, its association with overall survival and breast-cancer specific survival, and time to first ER/HSP. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Cox regression models with propensity score adjustments were used.

239 of 1,799 older patients with TNBC received adjuvant capecitabine. Capecitabine use increased from 1.3% in 2010 to 29.6% in 2019. Older age, ≥ 71 years, (OR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.32-0.92) and ≥ 2 comorbidities (OR = 0.42, 95%CI 0.2-0.9) were associated with decreased odds of receiving ≥ 6 cycles of capecitabine. Increasing number of cycles of capecitabine was associated with decreased risks of death (HR = 0.74, 95%CI 0.66-0.83) and breast cancer-specific death (HR = 0.73, 95%CI 0.61-0.89). 55 patients (23%) treated with capecitabine experienced ER/HSP.

In recent years, adjuvant capecitabine is increasingly used for patients with early-stage TNBC. Patients with older age and more comorbidities received fewer cycles of capecitabine. While one-fourth of patients had ER/HSP, receipt of more cycles was associated with better survival.

The initiation and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are closely linked to significant metabolic alterations. Specifically, lipid metabolism alterations and their association with the high invasiveness in ccRCC require further investigation. After conducting RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we discovered that Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Trifunctional Multienzyme Complex Subunit Beta (HADHB) was significantly downregulated in the highly invasive ccRCC cell line. It was found that the expression of HADHB in ccRCC tumor tissues was lower than that in paracancer tissues, which is associated with poor patient prognosis. Subsequently, we confirmed that highly invasive ccRCC exhibited an increased lipid accumulation due to the suppression of mitochondrial fatty acid transport and enhanced conversion of fatty acids to triglycerides within cancer cells. Specifically, the downregulation of HADHB inhibited mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in cancer cells, leading to partial impairment of mitochondrial function and decreased ATP production. However, this trade-off involving the reduction of a high-yield ATP production conferred an advantage by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within cancer cells, thereby protecting them from oxidative stress and enhancing their invasive potential. Furthermore, the downregulation of HADHB promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis in cancer cells, accelerating the progression of ccRCC and endowing ccRCC cells with metastatic capabilities.

The 9th version of the AJCC staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma introduces important refinements, emphasizing improved prognostic accuracy, clarity, and clinical relevance. Building on the 8th version, it refines TNM classifications to address limitations in survival outcome stratification and incorporates new criteria. Specifically, the 9th version clarifies the criteria for T3 disease by requiring unequivocal evidence of bone involvement, namely of the skull base (including pterygoid plates), cervical vertebrae, or paranasal sinuses. It additionally introduces advanced radiologic extranodal extension as a criterion for the N3 category and subclassifies M1 disease into M1a (3 or fewer metastatic lesions) versus M1b (more than 3 metastatic lesions) disease to enhance risk stratification. Developed through extensive multicenter studies and validated by international panels, the 9th version redefines NPC stage groups, aligning clinical management with evidence-based practices and improving prognostic accuracy. This review highlights key modifications in the 9th version that are relevant to radiologists, providing imaging examples and considering implications for clinical practice, prognosis, and treatment planning.

Efficacy of 2nd line treatment in advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma remains limited with no identified strong predictor of treatment efficacy. We evaluated the prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) plus chemotherapy in the randomized PRODIGE 59-FFCD 1707-DURIGAST trial.

ctDNA was evaluated before treatment (baseline) and at 4 weeks (before the third cycle of treatment, C3) using droplet-digital PCR assays based on the detection of CpG methylation.

Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were shorter in patients with a high (>1.1 ng/mL) versus low (<1.1 ng/mL) ctDNA concentration at baseline (2.3 vs. 5.8 months; HR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.09-4.41; p = 0.03 and 4.5 vs. 12.9 months; HR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.29-5.75; p < 0.01), respectively, after adjustment for identified prognostic variables. Patients with a ctDNA decrease ≤75% between baseline and C3 versus a ctDNA decrease >75% had a worse objective response rate (p = 0.007), shorter PFS (2.2 vs. 7.4 months, HR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.03-3.51; p = 0.04) and OS (6.6 vs 16.0 months; HR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.09-4.37; p = 0.03).

An early decrease in ctDNA concentration is a strong predictor of the therapeutic efficacy of ICI plus chemotherapy in advanced gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Clinical Trial Information NCT03959293 (DURIGAST).

Background: Research suggests that fear of cancer could be a significant predictor influencing participation in cancer screening. However, no tools have been validated to measure breast cancer fear among women in Bangladesh, while the Breast Cancer Fear Scale (BCFS) has been extensively examined in Western contexts. Thus, this study intends to validate the Bangla version of the BCFS among female university students aged (> 18) years, given the urgent need for a culturally relevant tool to evaluate fear associated with breast cancer screening practices in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 among female university students in Bangladesh. Participants were aged > 18 years, able to read Bangla, and had no personal or familial history of cancer or chronic illnesses. Data were collected via an online survey using a random sampling method, resulting in 456 eligible participants after data cleaning. The BCFS was translated into Bangla following the standard forward-backward translation process. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to evaluate the structure of the scale factor. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were also assessed. Results: The results showed that the mean age of the participants was 22.91 (SD: 1.12). The Bangla version of the BCFS showed a single-factor structure, high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.939), and good test-retest reliability (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). The CFA results are consistent with the EFA findings, confirming that the scale is a good fit for the one-factor structure. The loadings range from 0.679 (Fear1) to 0.920 (Fear4) in the total sample, indicating that the items are significant indicators of the latent construct. The BCFS demonstrated an acceptable model fit, with RMSEA values below the 0.08 cutoff and SRMR values well below the 0.05 threshold across all samples. Additionally, the GFI, AGFI, NFI, TLI, and CFI values were all above the recommended thresholds, indicating a high fit for the model. Conclusions: The Bangla version of the BCFS has proven to be a powerful and reliable tool for gauging the multifaceted nature of breast cancer fear among Bangladeshi women, particularly female university students. This culturally tailored instrument holds the potential to shed light on the psychological barriers that hinder breast cancer screening.

As a form of inflammation-associated cell death, pyroptosis has gained widespread attention in recent years. Accumulating evidence indicates that pyroptosis regulates tumor growth and is associated with autoimmune disorders and inflammatory response. Paclitaxel, a traditional Chinese medicine, usually induces death of cancer cells as a chemotherapeutic agent. Previous studies have revealed that paclitaxel can exert an anti-tumor effect through a variety of cell death mechanisms, of which pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we summarize the current advances in therapeutic connections between pyroptosis and paclitaxel in anti-tumor effects.

Background: Spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) has demonstrated superior diagnostic performance and image quality in liver disease assessment compared with traditional CT. Selecting the right reconstruction algorithm and tube voltage is essential to avoid increased noise and diagnostic errors. Objectives: This study evaluated improvements in image quality achieved using various virtual tube voltages and reconstruction algorithms for diagnosing common liver diseases with spectral CT. Methods: This retrospective study involved forty-seven patients who underwent spectral CT scans for liver conditions, including fatty liver, hemangiomas, and metastatic lesions. The assessment utilized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), with images reconstructed using various algorithms (IMR, iDose) at different levels and virtual tube voltages. Three experienced radiologists analyzed the reconstructed images to identify the best reconstruction methods and tube voltage combinations for diagnosing these liver pathologies. Results: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was highest for spectral CT images using the IMR3 algorithm in metastatic, hemangioma, and fatty liver cases. A strong positive correlation was found between IMR3 at 120 keV and 70 keV (p-value = 0.000). In contrast, iDOSE2 at 120 keV and 70 keV showed a low correlation of 0.291 (p-value = 0.045). Evaluators noted that IMR1 at 70 keV provided the best visibility for liver lesions (mean = 3.58), while IMR3 at 120 keV had the lowest image quality (mean = 2.65). Conclusions: Improvements in image quality were noted with SDCT, especially in SNR values for liver tissues at low radiation doses and a specific IMR level. The IMR1 algorithm reduced noise, enhancing the visibility of liver lesions for better diagnosis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and is closely linked to the gut microbiota. Identifying reproducible and generalizable microbial signatures holds significant potential for enhancing early detection and advancing treatment for this deadly disease.

This study integrated various publicly available case-control datasets to identify microbial signatures for CRC. Alpha and beta diversity metrics were evaluated to characterize differences in gut microbial richness, evenness, and overall composition between CRC patients and healthy controls. Differential abundance analysis was conducted using ANCOM-BC and LEfSe to pinpoint individual taxa that were enriched or depleted in CRC patients. Additionally, sccomp, a Bayesian machine learning method from single-cell analysis, was adapted to provide a more robust validation of compositional differences in individual microbial markers.

Gut microbial richness is significantly higher in CRC patients, and overall microbiome composition differs significantly between CRC patients and healthy controls. Several taxa, such as Fusobacterium and Peptostreptococcus, are enriched in CRC patients, while others, including Anaerostipes, are depleted. The microbial signatures identified from the integrated data are reproducible and generalizable, with many aligning with findings from previous studies. Furthermore, the use of sccomp enhanced the precision of individual microbial marker identification.

Biologically, the microbial signatures identified from the integrated data improve our understanding of the gut microbiota's role in CRC pathogenesis and may contribute to the development of translational targets and microbiota-based therapies. Methodologically, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of adapting robust techniques from single-cell research to improve the precision of microbial marker discovery.

Early prediction of cancer is crucial for effective treatment decisions. Stomach cancer is one of the worst malignancies in the world because it does not reveal the growth in symptoms. In recent years, non-invasive diagnostic methods, particularly exhaled breath analysis, have attracted interest in detecting stomach cancer. This review discusses invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods for stomach cancer, with a special emphasis on breath analysis and electronic nose (e-nose) technology. Various analytical methods have been used to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with stomach cancer. Gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry is one of the most widely used techniques. These techniques enable the detection and analysis of VOCs, offering a promising route for early stomach cancer diagnosis. The e-nose system has been introduced as a cost-effective and portable alternative for VOC detection in stomach cancer to overcome the challenges associated with conventional methods. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the e-nose system. This review recommends that e-nose sensors, combined with advanced pattern recognition techniques, be utilized to enable rapid and reliable diagnosis of stomach cancer.

Background Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD) is an adverse effect of the combination of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (GnP) treatment that has raised concerns because the incidence rate of DI-ILD in the real world is higher than that reported in initial clinical trials. The present study assessed the cumulative incidence rate of DI-ILD among patients treated with GnP based on previously published studies and explored any potential bias in the results. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from 2013 to 2024, using specific keywords. Randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, retrospective studies, and case-control studies that reported the incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) among patients treated with GnP were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the included studies. Results Nine studies involving 1,980 patients were included in this analysis. Nine studies were conducted in Japan. The pooled incidence of DI-ILD was 5.9%. A subgroup analysis revealed that smaller studies reported higher incidence rates (≤200 vs. ≥201 cases: 9.4% vs. 4.1%). There was significant heterogeneity and publication bias, suggesting that the variability in incidence rates was due to the study size and potential biases. Conclusion The pooled incidence of ILD among patients treated with GnP was 5.9%. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity and publication bias. Further global studies are required to determine the true incidence of ILD.

This study investigates the acceptability of Virtual reality (VR) technology for emotional regulation among cancer patients. Drawing from extensive literature, we enhanced external variables across user characteristics, product impact factors, and social environment influences, creating the "Theoretical Model of Cancer Patients' Acceptance of VR Intervention for Self-Emotion Regulation." Surveying 489 Chinese cancer patients validated the model's strong reliability through SPSS AMOS analysis. The acceptance of VR intervention for self-emotional regulation among cancer patients was assessed, revealing that the average scores across all 13 dimensions exceeded 3. This indicates that cancer patients hold a positive attitude toward VR-based emotional regulation interventions. Perceived usefulness, usage attitude, social norms, immersion, and personal innovation correlated positively with behavioral intention, while technological anxiety and perceived risk showed negative correlations. Findings support 15 hypotheses, offering theoretical backing for VR technology in emotional regulation for cancer patients. These insights provide medical institutions with valuable data on patient attitudes, facilitating the development of targeted treatment approaches.

Sorafenib is used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sorafenib with a commonly co-prescribed drug, dexamethasone, using meloxicam as an internal standard. The separation was achieved with acetonitrile and water with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 65:35 v/v, eluted at 1.0 mL/min at a wavelength of 265 nm. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an ACE Generic C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm × 150 mm, UK) column by injecting a sample volume of 20 µL into the HPLC system. The analytes were extracted with acetonitrile using the protein precipitation method. The chromatographic parameters were optimized, and the method was validated as per the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. The internal standard concentration was kept constant (1.0 μg/mL) in all samples. The method was linear for both sorafenib and dexamethasone in the concentration ranges of 25-1,000 ng/mL and 50-2,000 ng/mL, respectively, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999 for both the analytes. The target compounds were well resolved within 8 min. The limits of detection (LODs) are 9 ng/mL and 14 ng/mL, while the limits of quantification (LOQs) are 26 ng/mL and 47 ng/mL for sorafenib and dexamethasone, respectively. The method was found to be accurate and precise with a percentage relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than ±15. The method was successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a sorafenib nanoformulation and a conventional formulation. The AUC0-t was significantly increased for the sorafenib nanoformulation (129.8 ± 1.54 µg-hrml-1) compared to the conventional formulation (15.0 ± 0.014 µg-hrml-1), while clearance was reduced for the sorafenib nanoformulation (31.551 ± 0.007 mlh-1kg-1) compared with the conventional formulation (426.856 ± 0.098 mlh-1kg-1).

Background and Objectives: Is it possible to predict the course of disease in patients with pseudoexfoliation based on blood examination? Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 800 patients recruited for cataract surgery in the Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Serbia. The patients were divided into four groups: pseudoexfoliation syndrome early stage group (n = 200 patients), pseudoexfoliation syndrome late stage group (n = 200 patients), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma group (n = 200 patients) and the control group (n = 200 patients). During the preoperative process, some blood examination must be performed. We retrospectively used the results for the blood cell counts that we obtained from the patients. We recorded the neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, monocyte and leucocyte numbers, as well as the lipid profile, and simply calculated the ratio of their values, which we considered through different stages of the disease. Results: Our results indicated that there were no significant differences between all the groups examined in terms of leucocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte count, but we recorded significant differences in the monocyte and platelet count. It was interesting that the monocyte count increased in the late stage of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, in comparison with the control group and patients with early stage pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The lipid profile analysis indicated only increased values of LDL in patients with pseudoexfoliation (syndrome/glaucoma) in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: Monocytes are the main source of various cytokines, so our results support the proinflammatory theory of pseudoexfoliation development. Monocytes are the main cells in chronic inflammation, which leads to pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Platelets play an important role in the differentiation and activation of monocytes, as well as in the process of chronic inflammation and fibrosis, which are significant for pseudoexfoliation material production. A disturbed lipid profile in patients with pseudoexfoliation is expected, as they are at higher risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Prostate cancer (PC) contributes to male mortality worldwide. The objective of this study is to comprehensively depict the scientific accomplishments and research trends in nanotechnology for PC applications.

Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection database, publications were gathered on the basis of inclusion and selection criteria. The publications were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer, R-studio and CiteSpace software tools.

A total of 1949 studies were incorporated. Farokhzad was the most productive author. The United States and China released 58.13% of the total publications. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most influential institution, and the International Journal of Nanomedicine stood out as a prominent journal in this field. The most frequently referenced publication and research subject category were identified. The most extensively investigated area was nanoparticle-based drug delivery, while recent research has focused on anticancer with novel nanocarriers.

A bibliometric analysis in the PC and nanotechnology was conducted between 2004 and 2023. The overview and characteristics of the publications were identified. We discussed the application and restrictions faced by nanotechnology in PC management. The study of nanotechnology in PC treatment needs to be further studied.

To clarify the short- and long-term validity of pancreatoduodenectomy in octogenarian patients with biliary tract carcinoma.

We compared 23 and 141 patients aged ≥80 and <80 years, who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for biliary tract carcinoma (distal cholangiocarcinomas and ampullary carcinomas) and evaluated the relationship between age, clinicopathological factors, and surgical and oncological outcomes, especially in terms of recurrence.

Median overall survival time of distal cholangiocarcinoma and ampullary carcinoma was 92 and 109 months (p = 0.13). Postoperative complications, mortality, and adjuvant chemotherapy rates did not differ between the groups. Although the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was similar, the 5-year disease-specific survival and overall survival rate were significantly shorter in octogenarians (≥80 years: 43.5, 47.1, and 35.3%; <80 years: 54.1, 69.2, and 63.0%; p = 0.41, 0.016, and 0.034, respectively). The median time from recurrence to death for octogenarian patients was significantly shorter than that of younger patients (3.3 vs. 16.1 months, p < 0.001). At recurrence, the serum albumin level, prognostic nutritional index, controlling nutritional status score, and treatment rate for recurrence were lower in octogenarians. The multivariate analysis identified age ≥80 years (hazard ratio: 3.8), low prognostic nutritional index (hazard ratio: 2.9), high serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (hazard ratio: 2.6), and failure to implement treatment after recurrence (hazard ratio: 3.0) as independent risk factors for a short time from recurrence to death. Furthermore, age ≥80 years (odds ratio 0.09) was an independent risk factor for treatment implementation after recurrence.

Octogenarians had a shorter survival time after recurrence, resulting from low nutritional indices and a reduced rate of treatment implementation at the time of recurrence.

Circ_DLG1 is found to be aberrantly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues, but its role in the progression of ESCC remains to be elucidated.

The expression of circ_DLG1, miR-338-3p and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9 (MAP3K9) was measured by qRT-PCR. Cell cycle, viability, migration and invasion were investigated using flow cytometry, MTT assay and transwell assay, respectively. The protein levels of MAP3K9, p38, phosphor p38 (p-p38), ERK1/2 (ERKs), phosphor ERKs (p-ERKs) were detected by western blot. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to verify the putative relationship between miR-338-3p and circ_DLG1 or MAP3K9. Animal experiments were performed to ascertain the role of circ_DLG1 in vivo.

Circ_DLG1 expression was elevated in ESCC tissues, plasma and cells. Circ_DLG1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. MAP3K9 was highly expressed in ESCC, and its overexpression rescued the effects of circ_DLG1 knockdown on cell proliferation and metastasis. Besides, circ_DLG1 positively regulated MAP3K9 expression by competitively targeting miR-338-3p. Also, miR-338-3p inhibition or MAP3K9 overexpression recovered the inhibiting effect of circ_DLG1 knockdown on the phosphorylated levels of p38 and ERKs. In addition, circ_DLG1 knockdown blocked the tumor growth in vivo by regulating the miR-338-3p/MAP3K9 axis.

Circ_DLG1 promoted malignant progression of ESCC by mediating the miR-338-3p/MAP3K9/p38/ERK pathway, indicating that targeted inhibition of the circ_DLG1/miR-338-3p/MAP3K9/p38/ERK axis might be an effective strategy for the treatment of ESCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers for humans. HCC is highly heterogeneous. In this study, we performed ultra-depth (~1 million reads per spot) spatial sequencing on a case of HCC. Sixteen distinct spatial expression clusters were identified. Each of these clusters was spatially contiguous and had distinct gene expression patterns. In contrast, benign liver tissues showed minimal heterogeneity in terms of gene expression. Numerous immune cell-enriched spots were identified in both HCC and benign liver regions. Cells adjacent to these immune cell-enriched spots showed significant alterations in their gene expression patterns. Interestingly, the responses of HCC cells to the nearby immune cells were significantly more intense and broader, while the responses of benign liver cells to immune cells were somewhat narrow and muted, suggesting an innate difference in immune cell activities towards HCC cells in comparison with benign liver cells. When standard-depth sequencing was performed, significant numbers of genes and pathways that were associated with these changes disappeared. Qualitative differences in some pathways were also found. These results suggest that deep spatial sequencing may help to uncover previously unidentified mechanisms of liver cancer development.

Background and Objectives: Recent studies have supported the non-inferiority of the minimally invasive treatment approach over the open approach. However, they have also underlined its inferiority regarding its oncological results, while preserving the short-term benefits. The direct effects of these results were represented by indication changes in international guidelines on the application of minimally invasive surgery for treating early-stage cervical cancer. Material and metods: Herein, a literature review, including studies between 1992 and 2017, was performed. Results: The results show that the studies published during this period supported the non-inferiority of the minimally invasive treatment approach for early-stage cervical cancer compared with the open approach. However, the studies included were unicentric, non-randomized and relied on a reduced number of patients. The results of the Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer [LACC] trial could not have been considered, since only studies published between 1992 and 2017 were included. This trial firmly supported the advantages of the minimally invasive approach in treating early-stage cervical cancer. The literature published after 2018 highlighted the necessity for new clinical studies, randomized and prospective ones, to cover the defects of this study and to verify (or not) its results. Conclusions: the studies published after 2018 mainly focused on the deficiencies of the LACC trial and also on developing new methods that could improve this surgical technique, thus enhancing the safety of the minimally invasive approach in treating early-stage cervical cancer. However, none of the included studies succeeded to provide enough evidence to oppose the results obtained in the LACC trial. Therefore, in order to clarify the state of this surgical approach, the results of three ongoing randomized clinical trials are expected.

Impaired double strand DNA repair by homologous repair deficiency (HRD) leads to sensitivity to poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition. A subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harbour impaired DNA double strand break repair. This study aims to investigate meta-analysis on the olaparib monotherapy or combination therapy in lung cancer.

A comprehensive search was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar data bases up to August 13, 2023 related articles were extracted title, abstract and full text of articles were screened. The quality included articles were assessing the data was extracted and hence analysis.

After screening 5208 articles, 9 were selected for final review based on relevance to the topic. Olaparib monotherapy increased progression free survival (PFS) level [ES= 7.76; 95% CI= 0.16 to 1.36; P=0.208]. Olaparib maintenance therapy increased PFS compared to placebo in platinum-sensitive NSCLC patients [ES= 0.9; 95% CI= 0.9 to 0.9]. Combination therapy with durvalumab and olaparib decreased PFS level compared to the olaparib group [ES=6.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.67 to 11.46; P=0.000]. Adding gefitinib to olaparib decreased PFS compared to olaparib only group, significantly (ES=3.39; 95% CI=-0.78 to 7.56; P=0.609).

Our study demonstrated olaparib as monotherapy can increase the PFS of patients with lung cancer, but the combination of olaparib and gefitinib or the combination of olaparib plus durvalumab couldn't have a significant effect. According to the high heterogeneous rate of studies further large-scale randomized control trials are still required to progress association.

Open Science Framework (OSF).

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with 1.8 million deaths annually. Early detection is vital for improving patient outcomes; however, survival rates remain low due to late-stage diagnoses. Accumulating data supports the idea that screening methods are useful for improving early diagnosis in high-risk patients. However, several barriers limit the application of lung cancer screening in real-world settings. The widespread diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI), radiomics, and machine learning has dramatically changed the current diagnostic landscape. This review explores the potential of AI and biomarker-driven methods, particularly liquid biopsy, in enhancing early lung cancer detection. We report the findings of major randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and research on AI algorithms that use multi-modal imaging (e.g., CT and PET scans) and liquid biopsy to identify early molecular alterations. AI algorithms enhance diagnostic accuracy by automating image analysis and reducing inter-reader variability. Biomarker-driven methods identify molecular alterations in patients before imaging signs of cancer are evident. Both AI and liquid biopsy show the potential to improve sensitivity and specificity, enabling the detection of early-stage cancers that traditional methods, like low-dose CT (LDCT) scans, might miss. Integrating AI and biomarker-driven methods offers significant promise for transforming lung cancer screening. These technologies could enable earlier, more accurate detection, ultimately improving survival outcomes. AI-driven lung cancer screening can achieve over 90% sensitivity, compared to 70-80% with traditional methods, and can reduce false positives by up to 30%. AI also boosts specificity to 85-90%, with faster processing times (a few minutes vs. 30-60 min for radiologists). However, challenges remain in standardizing these approaches and integrating them into clinical practice. Ongoing research is essential to fully realize their clinical benefits and enhance timely interventions.

Breast cancer emerged as number one cancer among women worldwide in terms of incidence and mortality. Majority of breast cancers diagnosed in India are among women aged 45 years and above. A low proportion of Indian female population in reproductive age group (30-49 years) underwent breast cancer screening. The national operational framework includes mammography as one of the investigation modalities under the algorithm for early detection and management of breast cancer. This study describes prevalence and associated factors of mammography uptake in women aged 45 years and above.

We utilized data from 35,083 women aged ≥ 45 years in the Longitudinal Aging Study of India, a nationwide representative survey of the Indian population. The outcome variable was self-reported history of undergoing mammography in past two years before the survey as a representation of early detection of breast cancer. Demographic, behavioural, and clinical characteristics were taken as independent variables. Univariable and multivariable models were applied for the following age groups: 45-59 years and ≥ 60 years, and unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were calculated.

The prevalence of mammography was 1.3% among Indian women aged 45 years and above, 1.7% among 45-59 years and 0.9% among women ≥ 60 years. The highest prevalence was reported in Kerala and the lowest was in Nagaland. Among women in 45-59 years age group, secondary or higher education, being currently in union, having diabetes, neurological illness, hearing problems, and reproductive health problems, better cognition level, and self-history of cancer were found to be associated with increased mammography uptake. Urban residence, being currently in union, having bone/joint disease, hearing problem, and one or multi-morbidity, better cognition level and self and family history of cancer were associated with higher mammography uptake among elderly women.

Low rates of mammography among women across the country, along with inter-state disparities, highlight inadequate coverage of early detection of breast cancer under National program. Increasing burden of breast cancer in all states underscores need to implement early detection program proactively. Disparities in mammography uptake by age, residence and co-morbidities reflect the need for special focus and context-specific research for pragmatic interventions.

Advances in medical care have made cancer rehabilitation an essential component of comprehensive cancer treatment. However, bibliometric analyses in this field remain limited. This study maps the global research landscape of cancer rehabilitation over the past decade.

Relevant publications on cancer rehabilitation from 2013 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "Bibliometrics."

A total of 6743 publications from 98 countries demonstrated sustained growth, peaking in 2022. The USA (1581 publications) and China (974) led in research output, while the Netherlands recorded the highest citation impact (32.75 citations per paper). Key institutions included the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (148 publications) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (40.58 citations per paper). Supportive Care in Cancer ranked as the most influential journal. Research efforts primarily focused on exercise interventions (n = 404), quality of life (n = 688), and breast cancer rehabilitation (n = 440). Recent trends highlighted telemedicine, digital health, and breast cancer-related lymphedema.

This analysis highlights the dominance of high-income countries in cancer rehabilitation research and identifies exercise, quality of life, and breast cancer as enduring focal points. Emerging priorities include technology-driven interventions and lymphedema management. However, critical gaps remain, such as the underrepresentation of low-resource regions, limited focus on pediatric populations, and insufficient integration of advanced technologies (e.g., AI, wearables). Future efforts should emphasize equitable resource distribution, evidence-based pediatric rehabilitation models, and scalable technology-driven solutions to address global disparities and improve survivorship care.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in gut health, and its dysbiosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of various intestinal diseases. The field of gut microbiota and intestinal diseases has not yet been systematically quantified through bibliometric methods. This study conducted bibliometric analysis to delineate the evolution of research on gut microbiota and intestinal diseases. Data were sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2009 to 2023 and were scientometrically analyzed using CiteSpace. We have found that the number of annual publications has been steadily increasing and showing an upward trend. China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences are the country and institution with the most contributions, respectively. Frontiers in Microbiology and Nutrients are the journals with the most publications, while Plos One and Nature are the journals with the most citations. The field has shifted from focusing on traditional descriptive analysis of gut microbiota composition to exploring the causal relationship between gut microbiota and intestinal diseases. The research hotspots and trends mainly include the correlation between specific intestinal diseases and gut microbiota diversity, the mechanism of gut microbiota involvement in intestinal diseases, the exploration of important gut microbiota related to intestinal diseases, and the relationship between gut microbiota and human gut health. This study provides a comprehensive knowledge map of gut microbiota and intestinal diseases, highlights key research areas, and outlines potential future directions.

Lung cancer (LC) is a highly aggressive malignancy and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which includes adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), accounts for the majority of these deaths. Due to the lack of early clinical symptoms and late-stage diagnosis, there is an urgent need for precise and targeted therapeutic strategies. Cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B), a key regulator of the cell cycle, has been implicated in various human cancers. Emerging evidence suggests that its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for early detection and targeted therapy.

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the role of CKS1B in LUAD and LUSC. Differential gene expression analysis, survival analysis, immune infiltration correlation, and pathway enrichment analysis were performed using publicly available transcriptomic datasets. Additionally, gene interaction networks were analyzed to assess the functional significance of CKS1B in lung cancer progression.

Our findings indicate a significant overexpression of CKS1B in LUAD and LUSC compared to normal lung tissues. Survival analysis demonstrated that higher CKS1B expression correlates with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a potential role of CKS1B in modulating the tumor microenvironment, further supporting its relevance in lung cancer progression. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted its involvement in critical oncogenic pathways, including cell cycle regulation and immune modulation.

The results suggest that CKS1B serves as a potential biomarker for early detection and prognosis in NSCLC. Its association with immune response pathways underscores its possible role in immunotherapy. However, despite these promising findings, further in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to validate CKS1B's clinical applicability as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for lung cancer.

This study aims to analyze and identify primary research trends in targeted therapy for thyroid carcinoma (TC). It seeks to provide a factual foundation for researchers, as TC often presents with advanced stages and aggressive subtypes, leading to unfavorable clinical outcomes. The evolution of targeted therapies introduces promising treatment possibilities, necessitating a bibliometric analysis to better understand the current state and trends in this field. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Advanced search queries established a literature database, and the analysis was performed using tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Tableau, and Microsoft Excel. The study focused on publications from 2013 to 2023, examining patterns, geographical contributions, institutional output, and influential journals. The analysis identified 763 publications on TC targeted therapy during the study period, with significant contributions from the United States, China, and Italy, and the United States leading in output. Research activity peaked in 2021, showing overall fluctuating growth. Key contributing institutions included the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the University of Pisa. Notable journals, such as Cancers and Thyroid, were among the most cited, underscoring their impact in the field. The study highlighted an increase in global research output and robust international collaborations, particularly among the leading contributing countries. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of significant contributions and trends in targeted therapy research for TC. It identifies key development processes and research hotspots, offering valuable insights to guide future research directions. The findings aim to stimulate further studies and foster advancements in this critical area of oncology.