• Humans
• T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
• Precision Medicine
• Neoplasms/immunology
• Neoplasms/genetics
• Neoplasms/therapy
• Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
• Immunotherapy/methods
• Tumor Escape/genetics
• Tumor Escape/immunology
• Immune Tolerance/genetics
• Immune Tolerance/immunology

• Gastric cancer
• Immunoscore
• Immunotherapy
• Tumor immune microenvironment

Solid tumors are constituted of a variety of cellular components, including bona fide malignant cells as well as endothelial, structural and immune cells. On one hand, the tumor stroma exerts major pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive functions, reflecting the capacity of cancer cells to shape the microenvironment to satisfy their own metabolic and immunological needs. On the other hand, there is a component of tumor-infiltrating leucocytes (TILs) that has been specifically recruited in the attempt to control tumor growth. Along with the recognition of the critical role played by the immune system in oncogenesis, tumor progression and response to therapy, increasing attention has been attracted by the potential prognostic and/or predictive role of the immune infiltrate in this setting. Data from large clinical studies demonstrate indeed that a robust infiltration of neoplastic lesions by specific immune cell populations, including (but not limited to) CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Th1 and Th17 CD4⁺ T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophages constitutes an independent prognostic indicator in several types of cancer. Conversely, high levels of intratumoral CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells, Th2 CD4⁺ T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, M2 macrophages and neutrophils have frequently been associated with dismal prognosis. So far, only a few studies have addressed the true predictive potential of TILs in cancer patients, generally comforting the notion that—at least in some clinical settings—the immune infiltrate can reliably predict if a specific patient will respond to therapy or not. In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the results of clinical trials that have evaluated/are evaluating the prognostic and predictive value of the immune infiltrate in the context of solid malignancies.

• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
• Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy
• Disease Progression
• Humans
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
• Immune System/drug effects
• Immune System/immunology
• Immune System/physiopathology
• Immunoassay
• Neoplasm Staging
• Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Neoplasms/etiology
• Neoplasms/immunology
• Neoplasms/therapy
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Prognosis
• Risk Assessment
• Severity of Illness Index
• Survival Analysis
• Treatment Outcome

• IL-9
• Oxford 40 ligand
• T regulatory cell
• TGFβ1
• mast cell

Automatic quantification of biomarkers such as tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and PD‐L1 is one of the most studied topics in digital pathology image analysis (DIA). However, direct comparison between the DIA of a whole‐slide image (WSI) and that of regions of interest (ROIs) chosen by pathologists has not been performed. In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic value of tumor microenvironment markers CD8 and PD‐L1, measured by DIA of WSIs and ROIs. We selected 153 primary gastric cancer tissues and stained them with CD8 and PD‐L1. All IHC slides were scanned at ×200 magnification and ratios of CD8 and PD‐L1 were measured in WSIs and ROIs from the invasive front, within the tumor, and the mucosa. Patients with high CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios showed more favorable outcomes compared to those with low ratios. Pathologist‐aided DIA predicted the survival of patients more accurately than WSI analysis (CD8, p = 0.025 versus p = 0.068; PD‐L1, p = 0.008 versus p = 0.2). Although a high density of CD8+ T cells at the invasive front correlated best with patient survival, CD8 ratio in the mucosa could also predict patient outcome. In conclusion, CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios measured by pathologist‐aided DIA predicted survival more accurately than WSI analyses and ROIs at the invasive front correlated best with patient outcome.

• automatic
• cancer
• digital image
• gastric
• microenvironment
• pathology
• tumor

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• CD25
• Foxp3
• Treg cells
• pediatric

CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play a major role in antitumor immunity. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are related to diverse immune cells in solid tumors. We analyzed CD8+ and Foxp3+ TILs in combination with HEVs to determine their prognostic role in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We enrolled 157 patients with AGC in this study. The densities of CD8+ TILs and Foxp3+ TILs were calculated using immunohistochemical staining. HEVs were evaluated by MECA-79 expression. HEVs were identified in 60 (38.2%) cases and was significantly associated with an increased number of CD8+ TILs (p = 0.027) but not of Foxp3+ TILs (p = 0.455) and CD20+ TILs (p = 0.163). A high CD8+/HEV+ level was significantly associated with nodal metastasis (p = 0.048). In survival analysis, patients with high CD8+/HEV+ levels demonstrated the longest overall survival (OS) (p = 0.015). Furthermore, a high CD8+/HEV+ level was an independent prognostic factor in AGC (p = 0.011; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.435; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.245–0.837). HEVs were found to play an important role in antitumor immunity associated with CD8+ TILs in AGC. This analysis of HEVs and CD8+ TILs helps stratify patients with AGC and sheds light on tumor immunity.

• CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
• gastric cancer
• high endothelial venule
• prognosis

• Breast cancer
• Foxp3
• Regulatory T cell
• Targeted therapy

Gastrointestinal cancers are still responsible for high numbers of cancer-related deaths despite advances in therapy. Tumor-associated cells play a key role in tumor biology, by supporting or halting tumor development through the production of extracellular matrix, growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles. Here, we review the roles of these tumor-associated cells in the initiation, angiogenesis, immune modulation, and resistance to therapy of gastrointestinal cancers. We also discuss novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies directed at tumor-associated cells and their potential benefits for the survival of these patients.

• gastric cancer
• meta-analysis
• outcome
• prognostic indicators
• tumor infiltrating lymphocytes

• Gastric cancer
• Immunosuppression
• Immunotherapy
• Mechanism
• Prognosis
• Regulatory T cells

The tumor microenvironment contributes to the survival and development of tumor cells and is therefore a key target for cancer therapy. The tumor microenvironment has unique physical and chemical properties and is associated with inflammation and immunity. To examine the correlation between tumor microenvironment-associated factors and the efficacy and prognosis of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer, and to compare the differences between two treatments [neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) vs. neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR)], an immunohistochemical method was used to measure the expression levels of CD4⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), cluster of differentiation (CD)8⁺TILs, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)⁺TILs, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4⁺TILs and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)⁺TILs in 109 patients with rectal cancer, pre- and post-neoadjuvant therapy. The significance of these protein expression patterns was also analyzed using tissue microarrays, and the prognostic significance of these findings evaluated. The results indicated that high levels of CD4⁺TILs, CD8⁺TILs and PD-L1⁺TILs may be associated with favorable responses to neoadjuvant therapy, whereas high levels of FOXP3⁺TILs were associated with poor therapeutic responses. Expression levels of CD8⁺TILs and FOXP3⁺TILs following neoadjuvant therapy were independent prognostic factors and affected the total survival of patients subjected to neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of rectal cancer. Moreover, the effects of NAC and NACR on the tumor microenvironment may be different.

• neoadjuvant therapy
• rectal cancer
• tissue microarrays
• tumor microenvironment
• tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

• Gastric cancer
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors
• Immunotherapy
• Prognostic significance
• Tumor immune microenvironment

• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
• Biological Products/pharmacology
• Biological Products/therapeutic use
• Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
• Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors/immunology
• Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors/metabolism
• Humans
• Immunotherapy/methods
• Immunotherapy/trends
• Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
• Molecular Targeted Therapy/trends
• Prognosis
• Signal Transduction/drug effects
• Signal Transduction/immunology
• Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
• Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
• Treatment Outcome
• Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
• Tumor Microenvironment/immunology

• gastric cancer
• meta-analysis
• prognosis
• til subtype
• tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

• CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
• Disease-Free Survival
• Humans
• Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
• Prognosis
• Proportional Hazards Models
• Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology

To understand the cellular and molecular changes in peripheral blood that can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provide new methods for its diagnosis and treatment.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of HCC patients and normal controls and then analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)+ regulatory cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood was measured, and the expression of TGF-β was also determined. Then, the relationship between the changes and the 5-year survival of patients was analyzed. In addition, recombinant human TGF-β (rhTGF-β) and recombinant human interleukin-6 were added to stimulate the cultured cells, and their effects on HCC were evaluated.

The expression of TGF-β and the percentage of TGF-β+ Tregs in the peripheral blood of HCC patients increased significantly compared with normal controls. Compared with the low TGF-β expression group, the high TGF-β expression group had a significantly lower 5-year survival rate, and the same result was found in the two TGF-β+ Treg groups, suggesting that TGF-β and TGF-β+ Tregs were negatively correlated with the overall survival of the patients. In addition, rhTGF-β promoted the growth of tumor cells and induced high expression levels of IL-6, which further promoted tumor proliferation.

The results showed that TGF-β may promote tumor growth and proliferation by inducing the production of IL-6, and TGF-β and TGF-β+ Tregs may serve as new markers for predicting a poor prognosis in HCC.

• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Transforming growth factor-β
• Regulatory cells
• Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
• Interleukin-6

• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Proliferation
• Female
• Flow Cytometry
• Forkhead Transcription Factors
• Humans
• Interleukin-6/metabolism
• Liver Neoplasms/blood
• Liver Neoplasms/mortality
• Liver Neoplasms/pathology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Primary Cell Culture
• Prognosis
• Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
• Survival Rate
• T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
• Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism

• gastric cancer
• meta-analysis
• overall survival
• tumor infiltrating lymphocytes

• Humans
• Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
• Prognosis
• Stomach/pathology
• Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Survival Rate

• Biomarkers
• Biomarqueurs
• Immunity
• Immunité
• Inflammation
• Radiotherapy
• Radiothérapie

The aim of the present study was to investigate the novel mechanisms of forkhead box protein P3 (foxp3) in T regulatory (Treg) cells in lung cancer behavior. Treg cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and then co-cultured with 95D cells. A plasmid overexpressing foxp3 was constructed and transfected into Treg cells and an MTS assay was performed to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA expression. A Transwell assay was used to assess cell invasion. Treg cells were successfully isolated from peripheral blood with purity of 94.26%. Foxp3 expression in Treg cells was significantly increased following co-culture with 95D cells, while matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression was upregulated in 95D cells co-cultured with Treg cells. The apoptosis, invasion and migration abilities of 95D cells were suppressed by co-culture with Treg cells, whereas the adhesive ability was enhanced. Foxp3 overexpression in Treg cells enhanced the viability and invasiveness of 95D cells, whereas cell adhesion and migration were decreased. The results of the present study demonstrate that the viability and invasiveness of 95D cells are enhanced by foxp3 overexpression in Treg cells, indicating that increased levels of foxp3 in the tumor microenvironment may promote tumor cell growth.

• CD8+ T-cells
• immunosuppression
• immunotherapy
• regulatory T-cells
• tumor microenvironment

• gastric cancer
• meta-analysis
• overall survival
• prognosis
• tumor-infiltrating immune cells

• Gastric adenocarcinoma
• P21
• Treg
• Tumor suppression protein
• Tumoral FOXP3

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed in a subgroup of gastric cancers that may benefit from immunotherapy. Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) is a potential predictive factor for response to immunotherapy targeting the PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1. The relationship between PD-L1 expression and MSI-H status remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated PD-L1 expression in patients with MSI-H gastric cancer. We analyzed PD-L1 expression in 78 MSI-H gastric cancer tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 expression was classified as expression on tumor cells or on immune cells. We observed PD-L1 expression in 48 gastric cancer samples (61.5%), consisting of 7 (9.0%) cases with tumor PD-L1 expression and 47 (60.3%) cases with immune cell PD-L1 expression. Immune cell PD-L1 expression was frequently associated with intestinal type cancer by the Lauren classification (p = 0.015), with a lower risk of lymph node metastasis (p = 0.027) and lower tumor stages (p = 0.029) compared to MSI-H gastric cancers without PD-L1 expression. Moreover, immune cell PD-L1 expression was an independent favorable prognostic factor for overall survival (versus PD-L1 negative; hazard ratio, 3.451; 95% confidence interval, 1.172–12.745; p = 0.025). In MSI-H gastric cancer, PD-L1 expression was observed to be independently associated with a longer survival.

• gastric cancer
• immune
• prognosis
• programmed death-ligand 1
• therapy

• EBV
• PD-L1
• biomarker
• gastric cancer
• gene signature
• immune response
• prognosis
• survival
• tumor infiltrating lymphocyte

• Gastric cancer
• Immunotherapy
• Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

In patients with gastric cancer, the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is still controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of TILs in gastric cancer.

We identify studies from PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library to assess the prognostic effect of TILs in patients with gastric cancer. Fixed-effects models or random-effects models were used estimate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), which depend on the heterogeneity.

A total of 31 observational studies including 4,185 patients were enrolled. For TILs subsets, the amount of CD8⁺, FOXP3⁺, CD3⁺, CD57⁺, CD20⁺, CD45RO⁺, Granzyme B⁺ and T-bet⁺ lymphocytes was significantly associated with improved survival (P < 0.05); moreover, the amount of CD3+ TILs in intra-tumoral compartment (IT) was the most significant prognostic marker (pooled HR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.43–0.63; P < 0.001). However, CD4⁺ TILs was not statistically associated with patients’ survival. FOXP3+ TILs showed bidirectional prognostic roles which had positive effect in IT (pooled HR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.04–2.37; P = 0.033) and negative effect in extra-tumoral compartment (ET) (pooled HR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.60–0.96; P = 0.022).

This meta-analysis suggests that some TIL subsets could serve as prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to decide if these TILs could serve as targets for immunotherapy in gastric cancer.

• TILs
• biomarker
• gastric cancer
• meta-analysis
• prognosis

• Gastric cancer
• Hedgehog/GLI signaling
• Helicobacter pylori
• Tumor microenvironment

The prognostic effects of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid derived suppressing cells (MDSCs) are inconclusive in gastric cancers. We investigated the frequencies of TILs including CD8+ T cells, CD45+CD4+CD25± FOXP3+ Tregs, CD45+CD11b+ CD14+ HLA−DR− MDSCs in 28 gastric cancer tissues by using multicolor flow cytometry. In gastric cancer tissue, the percentage of Tregs among the CD4+ T cell subset was substantially increased compared to that of Tregs among peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from the controls. High frequency of CD8+ T cells among CD3+ T cells correlated with increased overall survival (OS) (p = 0.005). High frequency of Tregs among CD4+ T cells correlated with increased OS (p < 0.001), and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.039) and was an independent prognostic factor in OS (Hazard ratio: 0.047; 95% confidence interval, 0.006-0.372; p = 0.004). High frequency of MDSCs among total examined cells correlated with decreased OS (p = 0.027) and was an independent prognostic factor in OS (Hazard ratio 8.601; 95% confidence interval, 1.240-59.678; p = 0.029). We have demonstrated that high levels of Tregs among tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells were favorable, but an increased proportion of MDSCs was an adverse independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Our results may provide important insights for future immunotherapy in gastric cancer.

• gastric cancer
• myeloid derived suppressor cells
• prognosis
• regulatory T cells

Survival for patients with advanced oesophageal and stomach cancer is poor; together these cancers are responsible for more than a million deaths per year globally. As chemotherapy and targeted therapies such as trastuzumab and ramucirumab result in modest improvements in survival but not long-term cure for such patients, development of alternative treatment approaches is warranted. Novel immunotherapy drugs such as checkpoint inhibitors have been paradigm changing in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and urothelial cancers. In this review, we assess the early evidence for efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with gastroesophageal cancer in addition to considering biomarkers associated with response to these treatments. Early results of Anti- Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-PD-L1 and anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assosciated protein-4 (anti-CTLA4) trials are examined, and we conclude with a discussion on the future direction for immunotherapy for gastroesophageal cancer patients.

• anti-PD-1
• anti-PD-L1
• checkpoint inhibitor
• esophageal cancer
• gastric cancer
• immunotherapy
• ipilimumab
• nivolumab
• pembrolizumab

• T-regulatory cells
• breast cancer
• myeloid-derived suppressor cells
• prognosis

• correlation
• forkhead box protein 3
• gastric carcinoma

• CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell
• CTLA-4
• Foxp3
• GITR
• Tumor immunity

• NLR
• NSCLC
• TIL
• prognosis

• FOXP3
• Gastric adenocarcinoma
• Lats2
• YAP

• Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
• Adenocarcinoma/mortality
• Adenocarcinoma/pathology
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
• Cell Cycle Proteins
• Female
• Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
• Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
• Hippo Signaling Pathway
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry
• Kaplan-Meier Estimate
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
• Prognosis
• Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
• Signal Transduction
• Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
• Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Tissue Array Analysis
• Transcription Factors/metabolism
• Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism

• Aged
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Cell Nucleus/metabolism
• Female
• Humans
• Macrophage Activation
• Macrophages/immunology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Protein Transport
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• beta Catenin/metabolism

• Basic (laboratory) research/science
• biomarker
• cancer/malignancy/neoplasia: skin
• flow cytometry
• immune regulation
• immunobiology
• kidney transplantation/nephrology
• monitoring: immune
• nonmelanoma
• organ transplantation in general
• translational research/science

The characterization of CD4⁺ T-cell subsets reflects the immune status and is important in the maintenance of tumorigenesis and homeostasis. To identify changes in the balance of T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) in individuals with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the present study investigated a total of 131 patients with RCC and 36 healthy volunteers. The number of CD4⁺ T-bet⁺ cells, CD4⁺ GATA binding protein 3⁺ cells, CD4⁺ RAR-related orphan receptor γt⁺ cells, CD4⁺ CD25^hi CD127^lo CD45RA⁻ cells and CD4⁺ CD25^hi CD127^lo CD45RA⁺ cells, defined as Th1, Th2, Th17, activated and naïve Treg cells, respectively, were detected in the peripheral blood using flow cytometric analysis. In addition, tumor-infiltrating forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)⁺ cells were examined using immunohistochemistry. Compared with healthy volunteers, a significant decrease in the peripheral percentages of Th1, activated and naïve Treg cells was observed in patients with RCC, while those of the Th2 and Th17 cells were increased. In particular, as the tumor stage and grade progressed, the levels of Th1, activated and naïve Treg cells in the peripheral blood decreased; however, the levels of Th2 and Th17 cells increased. Furthermore, the number of tumor-infiltrating Foxp3⁺ cells increased with increasing tumor stage. These results demonstrated that the balance of Th1 and Th2 cells was skewed towards the Th2 profile and the balance of Th17 and Treg cells was skewed towards the Th17 profile in the peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Treg cells were recruited to the tumor sites. Therefore, dysfunctional host anti-tumor immunity was observed in patients with RCC, with a skewed Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance.

• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
• Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
• Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Female
• Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
• Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
• Gene Expression
• Humans
• Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Liver Neoplasms/genetics
• Liver Neoplasms/mortality
• Liver Neoplasms/pathology
• Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
• Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
• Male
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
• Odds Ratio
• Prognosis
• Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
• Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• Survival Analysis

• B7-H1
• Clinicopathology
• Correlation
• FOXP3(+) T(regs)
• Gastric cancer
• Prognosis

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
• Female
• Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
• Humans
• Immunohistochemistry
• Lymphatic Metastasis
• Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prognosis
• Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
• Up-Regulation
• Young Adult

• Breast neoplasms
• Foxp3 protein
• Humans
• Regulatory
• T-lymphocyte

• Gastritis
• Helicobacter pylori
• TGF-β1
• Virulence factors

• Adult
• Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
• Female
• Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
• Gastric Mucosa/microbiology
• Gastritis/genetics
• Gastritis/metabolism
• Gastritis/microbiology
• Helicobacter Infections/genetics
• Helicobacter Infections/metabolism
• Helicobacter Infections/microbiology
• Helicobacter pylori/genetics
• Helicobacter pylori/metabolism
• Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
• Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
• Virulence Factors/genetics
• Virulence Factors/metabolism
• Young Adult

• regulatory t cells
• cytotoxic t cells
• tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
• gastric cancer
• cancer immunology
• immune evasion

• CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
• Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
• Humans
• Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
• Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
• Stomach Neoplasms/mortality
• Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
• T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology