Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. May 16, 2017; 9(5): 211-219
Published online May 16, 2017. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v9.i5.211
Table 1 Demographic and personal characteristics, preoperative findings, prolapse stage and associated procedures in Group A and B patients
No. of patientsGroup A 25Group B 18P
Demographic and personal details, mean (SD)
Mean age55.8 (± 10.2)56.1 (± 8.6)0.9
Parity2 (± 0.9)1.5 (± 0.6)0.14
BMI25.2 (± 4.7)23.9 (± 2.7)0.41
Symptomatic preoperative findings
Vaginal bulge, n (%)25 (100)18 (100)> 0.99
Stress urinary incontinence, n (%)4 (16)2 (11.1)> 0.99
ODS, n (%)00> 0.99
Constipation, n (%)3 (12)3 (16.6)0.68
POPDI-6 (PFDI)a, mean (SD)53.9 (± 13.8)51.6 (± 1.5)0.52
UDI-6 (PFDI)b, mean (SD)12.3 (± 19.4)21.2 (± 2.4)0.21
CRADI-8 (PFDI)c, mean (SD)9.0 (± 12.2)11.1 (± 1.2)0.58
Agachan-Wexner scored, mean (SD)3.9 (± 4.2)6.4 (± 9.1)0.08
PISQ-12e, mean (SD)10.1 (± 3.9)9.11 (± 3.8)0.38
POP-Q stage at baseline, n (%)
Utero-vaginal prolapse13 (52)14 (77.8)0.11
Vaginal cuff prolapse6 (24)4 (28.6)> 0.99
Anterior stage 212 (48)8 (44.4)> 0.99
Anterior stage 35 (20)7 (38.8)0.3
Anterior stage 400> 0.99
Apical stage 212 (48)7 (38.8)0.75
Apical stage 310 (40)9 (50)0.54
Apical stage 43 (12)2 (11.1)> 0.99
Posterior stage 23 (12)5 (27.7)0.24
Posterior stage 32 (8)00.5
Posterior stage 400> 0.99
Intraoperative data
Concomitant subtotal hysterectomy, n (%)13 (52)13 (72.2)0.21
Concomitant total hysterectomy, n (%)01 (5.5)0.41
Concomitant sub-urethral sling placement, n (%)4 (16)2 (11.1)> 0.99
Cervical stump fixation, n (%)13 (52)13 (72.2)0.21
Vaginal cuff fixation, n (%)6 (24)5 (27.8)> 0.99
Uterine preservation, n (%)6 (24)00.03
Operating time (min), mean (SD)132 (± 27)141 (± 21)0.11
Hb decrease (g/dL), mean (SD)1.1 (± 0.6)1.2 (± 0.5)0.48
Hospital stay, mean (SD)2.2 (± 1.1)2.9 (± 1.1)0.06
aPelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory-6 scores ranges from 0 to 100 with lower scores indicating a better quality of life;
bUrinary Distress Inventory-6 scores ranges from 0 to 30 with lower scores indicating a better quality of life;
cColo-rectal-anal Distress Inventory-8 scores rangefrom 0-48, with a higher score indicating a better sexual function;
dThe Agachan-Wexner score ranges from 0 to 30 with the lower scores indicating a lower bowel dysfunction;
eThe PISQ-12 score ranges from 0-48 with a higher score indicating a more satisfactory sexual function. SD: Standard deviation; Hb: Hemoglobin.
Table 2 Symptomatic postoperative findings, anatomical results and late complications in Group A and B patients
No. of patientsGroup A 25Group B 18P
Follow-up, mo (SD)19.5 (± 8.4)17.3 (± 9.8)0.33
Symptomatic post-operative findings
Persistent vaginal bulge, n (%)2 (8)1 (5.5)> 0.99
De novo stress urinary incontinence, n (%)03 (16.6)0.07
De novo ODS, n (%)04 (22.2)0.021
De novo constipation, n (%)00> 0.99
POPDI-6 (PFDI)a, mean (SD)4 (± 11.6)6.8 (± 1.5)0.5
UDI-6 (PFDI)b, mean (SD)3.2 (± 5.4)7.1 (± 1.0)0.11
CRADI-8 (PFDI)c, mean (SD)8.3 (± 12.2)16.9 (± 21.6)0.1
Agachan-Wexner scored, mean (SD)3.0 (± 3.0)6.8 (± 5.2)0.00
PISQ-12e, mean (SD)7.6 (3.3)5.7 (± 2.9)0.06
Anatomical results, n (%)
Recurrence of vault prolapse01 (5.5)0.41
Cystocele recurrence/de novo1 (4)1 (5.5)> 0.99
Rectocele recurrence/de novo00> 0.99
Late complications, n (%)
Erosion01 (5.5)0.41
Reinterventionf1 (4)2 (11.1)0.56
aPelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory-6 scores ranged from 0 to 100 with lower scores indicating a better quality of life;
bUrinary Distress Inventory-6 scores ranged from 0 to 30 with the lower scores indicating a better quality of life;
cColo-rectal-anal Distress Inventory-8 scores ranged from 0-48, with a higher score indicating a better sexual function;
dThe Agachan-Wexner score ranges from 0 to 30 with the lower scores indicating a lower bowel dysfunction;
eThe PISQ-12 score ranges from 0-48 with a higher score indicating a more satisfactory sexual function;
fAnterior recurrence and mesh erosion; 1Statistically significant. SD: Standard deviation.
Table 3 Laparoscopic sacropexy functional outcomes, associated procedures, mesh type and placement: Literature review
Ref.N° pzFU (mo)Bowel dysfunction (n)Bowel dysfunction (%)SUI (n)SUI (%)Associated procedures
Mesh characteristics
SLHTLHUterus pres.TOT/TVTBurchPVRACRPCRLMTypeN°Anterior placementPosterior placement
[5]7711.400006001007400055Polyest.2VaginaVagina
[19]41241 (ODS)2.412.40013150000Polyest.2Below the trigonePerineal body
[20]7127.548 (C)65.70013055240000Polyest.1 or 2VaginaLevator ani
[21]32514.620 (C)6195.801516300000Polyest.2VaginaLevator ani
[18]43602 (ODS)4.612.300046280190Polyprop.2VaginaPerineal body/vagina
[22]1011218 (C)17.82423.75503000000Polyprop.2Below the trigoneLevator ani
[23]832119 (C)22.844.812293800000Polyprop.2VaginaLevator ani
[24]1384326 (C;ODS)13.4 (C) 5.8 (ODS)75000636324770Polyest.2VaginaLevator ani/vagina
[25]4733.58 (C)17612.7/0/00000Xenograft2VaginaLevator ani
[26]13212.55 (C)3.786120500000Polyprop.2VaginaLevator ani
[27]8430.723 (C;ODS)15.4 (C) 11.9 (ODS)1821.498391300000Polyest.2VaginaLevator ani
[28]1766047 (C)26.373.9013100250000polyprop.2Vagina (before the trigone)Levator ani
[29]116342 (C;D)1.7 (C) 0 (D)65.15602810000Polyest.2VaginaLevator ani
[30]50120.728 (C)5.5183.5nrnrnr00000Polyest./ polyprop.2Vagina (before the trigone)Levator ani
[31]801213 (ODS)16.21012.54703700000Polyest.2Vagina (3°superior)Levator ani
[32]15028 (C;ODS)3.3 (C) 2 (ODS)106.62603500000Polyest./ polyprop.1 or 2nrLevator ani
2165 (total)26.5 (mean)268 (total)12.3 (mean)139 (total)6.4 (mean)
ACR: Anterior colporrhaphy; C: Constipation; D: Dischezia; FU: Follow up; LM: Levator miorrhaphy; nr: Not reported; PCR: Posterior colporrhaphy; PVR: Paravaginal repair; SLH: Subtotal laparoscopic hysterectomy; TLH: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy; TOT/TVT: Transobturator tape/tension-free vaginal tape; Uterus pres.: Uterus preservation.