Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Feb 16, 2017; 9(2): 61-69
Published online Feb 16, 2017. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v9.i2.61
Table 1 Patient characteristics and their associations with gastric intestinal metaplasia
Gastric IM (+)Gastric IM (-)Univariate analysisMultivariate analysis
n = 468n = 171[OR (95%CI)]
Age (mean/median, yr)61.0/64.048.8/53.0P < 0.001--
Male sex208 (44.4%)77 (45.0%)P = 0.928--
Family history of gastric cancer23 (5.7%)15 (2.9%)P = 0.5571.38 (0.52, 4.25), P = 0.555
Tobacco use214 (48.6%)261 (36.5%)3P = 0.0071.73 (1.18, 2.55), P = 0.005
Alcohol use100 (22.7%)246 (26.9%)P = 0.2190.76 (0.50, 1.16), P = 0.199
H2-blocker use21 (5.1%)413 (7.6%)P = 0.2510.74 (0.35, 1.59), P = 0.426
PPI use258 (62.6%)494 (55.6%)P = 0.0881.23 (0.84, 1.79), P = 0.282
Medicare245 (52.4%)46 (26.9%)P < 0.0011.94 (1.20, 3.17), P = 0.007
Medicaid24 (5.1%)27 (15.8%)P = 0.0030.57 (0.30, 1.09), P = 0.090
Private insurance118 (25.2%)72 (42.1%)P < 0.0010.66 (0.44, 0.99), P = 0.047
Uninsured68 (14.5%)32 (18.7%)P = 0.8851.04 (0.64, 1.71), P = 0.885
Table 2 Association among indications and gastric intestinal metaplasia
Frequency in patients with gastric IM1Frequency in patients without gastric IM1Univariate analysisMultivariate analysis
[OR (95%CI)]
Abdominal pain188 (41.7%)93 (54.4%)P = 0.0050.81 (0.55, 1.18), P = 0.267
Weight loss63 (13.5%)21 (7.4%)P = 0.0141.81 (0.95, 3.66), P = 0.073
GI bleed38 (8.4%)13 (7.6%)P = 0.7551.23 (0.63, 2.52), P = 0.558
Nausea60 (13.3%)27 (15.8%)P = 0.4260.97 (0.58, 1.65), P = 0.903
Dysphagia59 (13.1%)26 (15.2%)P = 0.4900.74 (0.44, 1.26), P = 0.259
Barrett’s esophagus10 (2.2%)8 (4.7%)P = 0.1230.32 (0.12, 0.92), P = 0.034
Table 3 Associations among endoscopic findings (prior to or without histopathology) and gastric intestinal metaplasia
Frequency in patients with gastric IM, n = 418Frequency in patients without gastric IM, n = 171Univariate analysisMultivariate analysis (OR, 95%CI)
Gastritis100 (23.9%)37 (21.6%)P = 0.5571.34 (0.84, 2.08), P = 0.223
Atrophic gastritis55 (13.2%)9 (5.3%)P = 0.0042.05 (1.00, 4.58), P = 0.051
Gastric mass20 (4.8%)0 (0%)P = 0.0018.84 (1.88, ∞), P = 0.005
Gastric ulcer42 (10.0%)11 (6.4%)P = 0.1631.42 (0.71, 3.01), P = 0.339
Gastric nodularity71 (17.0%)33 (19.3%)P = 0.5030.74 (0.46, 1.20), P = 0.213
Linitis plastica1 (0.2%)0 (0%)P = 0.7100.27 (0.01, ∞), P = 0.788
Esophagitis28 (6.7%)23 (13.4%)P = 0.0110.49 (0.26, 0.91), P = 0.023
Esophageal mass2 (0.5%)13 (7.6%)P < 0.0010.04 (0.01-0.16), P < 0.001
Barrett’s esophagus21 (5.0%)13 (7.6%)P = 0.2350.56 (0.26, 1.21), P = 0.134
Duodenitis17 (4.1%)11 (6.4%)P = 0.2340.69 (0.30, 1.60), P = 0.337
Duodenal polyp8 (1.9%)0 (0%)P = 0.0634.21 (0.81, ∞), P = 0.081
Duodenal mass4 (1.0%)0 (0%)P = 0.2531.58 (0.26, ∞), P = 0.353
Duodenal ulcer2 (0.5%)2 (1.2%)P = 0.4070.21 (0.02, 2.20), P = 0.179
Table 4 Association among histopathological biopsy results and gastric intestinal metaplasia
Frequency in patients with gastric IM,n = 468Frequency in patients without gastric IM,n = 171Univariate analysisMultivariate analysis (OR)
Chronic gastritis265 (56.6%)55 (32.2%)P < 0.0012.56 (1.75, 3.76), P < 0.001
Gastric polyp35 (7.5%)11 (6.4%)P = 0.6691.07 (0.53, 2.31), P = 0.861
MALT lymphoma5 (1.1%)0 (0.0%)P = 0.2091.48 (0.26, ∞), P = 0.372
Erosive gastritis1 (0.2%)6 (3.5%)P = 0.0020.06 (0.0, 0.43), P = 0.003
H. pylori infection46 (9.8%)6 (3.5%)P = 0.0073.07 (1.33, 8.20), P = 0.007
Gastric ulcer18 (3.8%)0 (0%)P = 0.0036.97 (1.47, ∞), P = 0.015
Gastric dysplasia19 (4.1%)1 (0.6%)P = 0.0176.11 (1.07, 131.57), P = 0.038
Gastric cancer21 (4.5%)1 (0.6%)P = 0.0106.53 (1.17, 139.41), P = 0.027
Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis12 (2.6%)0 (0%)P = 0.0235.64 (1.36, ∞), P = 0.035
Esophagitis5 (1.1%)5 (2.9%)P = 0.1250.36 (0.09, 1.41), P = 0.138
Barrett’s esophagus14 (3.0%)13 (7.6%)P = 0.0160.28 (0.12, 0.63), P = 0.003
Esophageal dysplasia2 (0.4%)4 (2.3%)P = 0.0530.11 (0.01, 0.64), P = 0.014
Esophageal cancer1 (0.2%)1 (0.6%)P = 0.5350.13 (0.01, 9.88), P = 0.402
Eosinophilic esophagitis1 (0.2%)6 (3.5%)P = 0.0020.10 (0.00, 0.74), P = 0.020
Carcinoid tumor10 (2.1%)0 (0%)P = 0.0435.13 (1.02, ∞), P = 0.047
Duodenitis2 (0.4%)6 (3.5%)P = 0.0060.13 (0.02, 0.65), P = 0.012
Duodenal polyp5 (1.1%)1 (0.6%)P = 0.6451.2 (0.16, 29.49), P = 0.944
Duodenal ulcer2 (0.4%)0 (0%)P = 0.5360.63 (0.07, ∞), P = 0.628