Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Apr 16, 2015; 7(4): 403-410
Published online Apr 16, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i4.403
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and a negative capsule endoscopy (n = 113)
% (n)
Age
≤ 65 years old37.2 (42)
> 65 years old62.8 (71)
Gender
Female64.6 (73)
Male35.4 (40)
Comorbidities
Chronic kidney disease12.4 (14)
Aortic stenosis6.3 (7)
Prior angiodysplasia3.5 (4)
Medication
None relevant54 (61)
Single anti-platelet agent16.8 (19)
Anticoagulant7.1 (8)
NSAID7.1 (8)
Double anti-platelet agent5.3 (6)
SSRI3.5 (4)
Occult OGIB69 (78)
Iron deficiency anemia63 (71)
Overt OGIB31 (35)
Melena19.5 (22)
Hematochezia11.5 (13)
[Hb] prior to WCE (median; IQR; g/L)86 (70-100)
Transfusional needs prior to WCE (RBC units; median; IQR)1 (1-2)
Technical Issues
Gastric Transit Time (min; median; IQR)18 (11-37)
Small-bowel Transit Time (min; median; IQR)253 (216-323)
WCE per Examiner (%)
Person A42.5 (n = 48)
Person B38.9 (n = 44)
Person C9.7 (n = 11)
Person D8.9 (n = 10)
Table 2 Characteristics of patients with a negative capsule endoscopy
VariableAllNon re-bleedersRe-bleedersP
Age (years old)67 ± 1565 ± 1572 ± 110.007
Gender (M/F)40/7327/5513/180.386
OGIB presentation (n)
Occult7961180.067
Overt342113
[Hb] (median)8686790.143
Anticoagulant use (n)11470.009
Small-bowel Transit time (median)253253.5251.50.650
Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate analysis via Cox proportional hazard regression model: Re-bleeding risk factors in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and a negative capsule endoscopy
VariablesUnivariate analysis
Multivariate analysis
HR95%CIPHR95%CIP
Female1.4080.676-2.9290.361
Age > 65 years old3.5991.364-9.5010.0102.5910.951-7.0600.063
Chronic kidney disease3.4981.265-9.6710.0162.2520.749-6.7700.148
Aortic stenosis4.1591.412-12.2470.0101.5480.352-6.8110.563
Prior angiodysplasia3.6370.851-15.4570.081
Bleeding-related drugs1.5860.761-3.3040.219
Anticoagulant use3.9031.542-9.8750.0042.6990.705-10.3300.147
Overt OGIB2.1041.011-4.3800.0471.9860.933-4.2310.075
[Hb] < 80 g/L1.8570.868-3.9700.111
Transfusional (RBC) needs prior to WCE1.1220.919-1.3700.257
Table 4 Comparison between patients presenting with occult/overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
VariableOccult OGIBOvert OGIBP
Age (years old)66680.448
Sex (M/F)24/5416/190.141
[Hb] (median)8.97.90.015
Anticoagulant use (n)831.000
Time from OGIB to WCE (d; median)31290.653
Follow-up period (mo; median)48420.450
Rebleeding cumulative events (at 12 mo) (n)9% (7)21% (7)0.133
Rebleeding cumulative events (at 36 mo) (n)20% (13)39% (11)
Rebleeding cumulative events (at 60 mo) (n)29% (16)39% (11)
Rebleeding cumulative events (at 84 mo) (n)34% (17)49% (12)
Rebleeding cumulative events (total) (n)1712
Time to rebleeding event (mo; IQR)22 (6-33)8.5 (0.5-27)0.257