Continued evidence for safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during pregnancy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and laboratory data

	All patients (n = 20)	Age 18-21 (n = 7)	Age 22-29 (n = 8)	Age≥30 (n = 5)
Age (yr)	26.4 (6.18)	20.1 (1.21)	26.5 (2.26)	35 (3.08)
Race (Caucasian/African American/other)	5/6/9	0/2/5	2/3/3	3/1/1
Parity	2.25 (1.16)	1.42 (0.78)	3 (0.92)	2.2 (1.3)
Past medical history
Hypertension	2	0	1	1
Hypothyroidism	1	0	1	0
History of latent tuberculosis	2	0	2	0
Depression	4	2	2	0
Asthma	1	0	1	0
Coagulopathy	1	0	0	1
Prior hepatitis B infection	2	1	0	1
Reflux disease	1	1	0	0
History of gallbladder disease	6	1	3	2
White blood cell (4.0-11.0 x 109/L)	8.6 (2.28)	8.42 (2.54)	9.61 (2.53)	7.54 (1)
Hemoglobin (11.7-16 g/L)	12 (1.29)	11.9 (0.88)	11.8 (1.93)	12.32 (0.23)
Platelet count (150-440 x 109/L)	261.1 (62.63)	263.1 (62.6)	255 (75.9)	267.2 (50.32)
AST (20-30 units/L)	163 (111.38)	127.4 (100.3)	162.1 (129.8)	214.2 (93.8)
ALT (5-32 units/L)	213.5 (214)	183.4 (165.3)	228.8 (299.7)	231 (135.5)
Total bilirubin (0.1-1.1 mg/dL)	2.6 (1.9)	2.84 (2.37)	2.36 (1.68)	2.64 (1.99)
Alkaline phosphatase (16-100 units/L)	189.1 (96)	162.8 (39.2)	223 (142.2)	171.6 (47.36)
Lipase (4-57 units/L)	1105 (1736.5)	519.7 (1258)	1669 (2104)	1025 (1719.2)

AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

Table 2 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography indications, outcomes, and complications

	All patients (n = 20)	Age 18-21 (n = 7)	Age 22-29 (n = 8)	Age≥30 (n = 5)
Trimester	2 (0.77)	2.14 (0.89)	2 (0.92)	1.8 (0.44)
Indication for ERCP
Common bile duct stone	17	5	8	4
Gallstone pancreatitis	2	2	0	0
Cholangitis	1	0	0	1
Protective shielding stated in note	8	3	1	4
Anesthesia
Midazolam	17	6	7	4
Fentanyl	5	2	3	0
Propofol	3	1	1	1
Meperidine	13	4	5	4
Fluoroscopy dose/min	3.8 (5.5)	6.5 (8.5)	2.2 (2.8)	2.7 (3.0)
Spot radiographs	6	2	3	1
Sphincterotomy	18	5	8	5
Stenting	4	2	1	1
2 ≥ stones removed	5	1	1	3
Post ERCP antibiotic
Piperacillin/tazobactam	2	0	1	1
Post-ERCP complications
Pancreatitis	2	1	1	0
Oversedation	0	0	0	0
Perforation	0	0	0	0
Cholangitis	0	0	0	0
Contrast dye reaction	0	0	0	0
Bleeding	2	1	1	0
Cholecystectomy
Prior history of receiving	3	0	1	2
Post ERCP	11	5	5	1

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Table 3 Pregnancy outcomes

	All patients (n = 16)	Age 18-21 (n = 6)	Age 22-29 (n = 6)	Age≥30 (n = 4)
Term pregnancy	15	6	6	3
Caesarean section	5	1	1	3
5 min Apgar score	8.77 (0.73)	9 (0)	9 (0)	8 (1.4)
Birth weight in grams	2638 (1227)	3200 (472)	3297 (408.8)	2838 (883)
Fetal malformations	1	0	0	1