Update on gastric varices

Table 1 Summary of larger and more recent studies using cyanoacrylate for the management of gastric variceal bleeding

Ref.	Type of study	No. of patients (follow-up)	Active bleeding	Haemostasis rate	Rebleeding rate	Complications
Cheng et al[19]	Case series	613 (30 mo)	23%	95%	8%	5% “major”
Kang et al[15]	Retrospective	127 (18 mo)	38%	98%	23%	3 % “major”
Seewaldet al[20]	Retrospective	131 (26 mo)	63%	100%	7%	0%
Paik et al[14]	Retrospective	121 (12 mo)	26%	91%	13% (at 4 wk)	2% (major complications)
Kind et al[21]	Case series	174 (36 mo)	100%	97%	13% “late rebleeding”	8%
Ali-Al et al[18]	Retrospective	37 (14 mo)	86%	95%	28%	0 % “major”
Rajoriyaet al[17]	Retrospective	31 (35 mo)	Not recorded	100%	16%	0 % “major”
						6% “minor”

Table 2 Summary of studies using thrombin for the management of gastric variceal bleeding

Ref.	Type of thrombin used	No. of patients (follow-up)	Haemostasis	Rebleeding
Williams et al[26]	Bovine	11 (9 mo)	100%	27%
Przemioslo et al[29]	Bovine	52 (15 mo)	94%	18%
Ramesh et al[27]	Bovine	13 (25 mo)	92%	0%
McAvoy et al[28]	Human	37 (22 mo)	Not recorded	10.8%