Yield, etiologies and outcomes of capsule endoscopy in Thai patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 1 Demographic data of 103 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding n (%)

Parameters	Type of OGIB			P value
	Total(n = 103)	Overt(n = 80)	Occult(n = 23)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	64 ± 16	62 ± 16	69 ± 14	0.059
Male, n	57 (55)	51 (64)	6 (26)	0.001
Episode, n
First	79 (77)	56 (70)	23 (100)	0.003
Recurrent	24 (23)	24 (30)	0
Hb (g/dL), mean ± SD	8.5 ± 2.4	8.7 ± 2.5	8.2 ± 1.9	0.371
Drugs, n
NSAIDs	30/100 (30)	22/77 (29)	8/23 (35)	0.568
Anticoagulants	4/100 (4)	2/77 (3)	2/23 (9)	0.226

Hb: Hemoglobin; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OGIB: Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Table 2 Capsule endoscopy findings in patients with overt and occult obscure gastrointestinal bleeding n (%)

Parameters	Type of OGIB			P value
	Total(n = 103)	Overt(n = 80)	Occult(n = 23)
Reaching caecum, n	77 (74)	60 (75)	17 (74)	0.916
Capsule endoscopy findings, n
Positive (P2)	37 (36)	28 (35)	9 (39)
Equivocal (P1)	15 (15)	11 (14)	4 (17)	0.792
Negative (P0)	51 (49)	41 (51)	10 (43)
Etiologies, n1
Ulcers	23 (44)	15 (38)	8 (61)
Angiodysplasia	14 (27)	12 (31)	2 (15)
Tumors	7 (13)	6 (15)	1 (8)	0.462
Miscellaneous	4 (8)	3 (8)	1 (8)
Active bleeding	4 (8)	3 (8)	1 (8)
Location of lesions, n2
Duodenum	6 (13)	4 (11)	2 (17)
Jejunum	15 (31)	11 (31)	4 (33)
Jejuno-ileal	12 (25)	9 (25)	3 (25)	0.969
Ileum	14 (29)	11 (30)	3 (25)
Diffuse	1 (2)	1 (3 )	0

¹Among 52 patients with P2 or P1 lesions; 39 were overt and 13 were occult obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB);

²Data was available in 48 patients; 36 with overt and 12 with occult OGIB.

Table 3 Characteristics of patients according to their etiologies n (%)

	Ulcers(n = 23)	Angiodysplasia (n = 14)	Tumors(n = 7)	Negative CE(n = 51)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	68 ± 14	66 ± 12	60 ± 8	64 ± 16
Male, n	16 (70)	8 (57)	1 (14)1	29 (57)
Overt bleeding, n	15 (65)	12 (86)	6 (86)	41 (80)
NSAIDs use, n	11 (48)2	5 (36)	0	12 (24)

¹P = 0.043;

²P = 0.034. CE: Capsule endoscopy; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.