Patient-selected music reduces propofol requirements during combined upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy: A prospective single-center study (MUSICENDO)

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in a modified intention-to-treat population, n (%)

Characteristic	n	Music protocol (n = 44)	Standard care (n = 44)
Sex	82
Female		21 (51.2)	21 (51.2)
Male		20 (48.8)	20 (48.8)
Missing data	6	3	3
Age (years)	82
mean ± SD		58.90 ± 10.77	59.56 ± 11.77
Median (interquartile range)		60.00 (51.00-66.00)	59.00 (52.00-67.00)
Missing data	6	3	3
BMI (kg/m2)	82
mean ± SD		24.44 ± 3.13	25.43 ± 3.38
Median (interquartile range)		24.61 (22.53-26.56)	25.10 (23.03-27.22)
Missing data	6	3	3
ASA score	82
1		22 (53.7)	12 (29.3)
2		15 (36.6)	22 (53.7)
3		4 (9.8)	7 (17.1)
Missing data	6	3	3
APAIS score at arrival in the ambulatory unit	82
mean ± SD		9.68 ± 4.25	9.44 ± 4.75
Median (interquartile range)		8.00 (6.00-12.00)	7.00 (6.00-11.00)
Missing data	6	3	3
APAIS score before intervention (at arrival in the endoscopy room)	80
mean ± SD		9.20 ± 4.33	9.58 ± 4.59
Median (interquartile range)		7.00 (6.00-10.50)	8.00 (6.00-12.00)
Missing data	8	4	4
Before intervention SBP	79
mean ± SD		125.01 ± 21.55	130.76 ± 21.03
Median (interquartile range)		124.00 (109.75-137.25)	129.00 (116.50-142.50)
Missing data	9	4	5
Before intervention DBP	79
mean ± SD		79.53 ± 16.22	76.64 ± 13.26
Median (interquartile range)		75.25 (69.25-87.00)	75.00 (67.50-85.00)
Missing data	9	4	5
Before intervention PP	80
mean ± SD		72.89 ± 14.85	72.32 ± 12.08
Median (interquartile range)		72.00 (62.50-80.00)	73.50 (63.00-78.00)
Missing data	8	3	5

APAIS: Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; PP: Pulse pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure.

Table 2 Primary and secondary outcomes, n (%)

Characteristic	n	Music protocol (n = 44)	Standard care (n = 44)	Absolute difference (95%CI)	P value	P adjusted value
Primary outcome-modified intention-to-treat population
Propofol administered (mg/kg/minute)	88			-0.08 (-0.10 to -0.05)	< 0.0001	NA
mean ± SD		0.18 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.07
Median (interquartile range)		0.18 (0.16-0.20)	0.26 (0.21-0.32)
Secondary outcomes-modified intention-to-treat population
Serious adverse event				NA	NA	NA
Bronchospasm		0 (0.0)	2 (4.5)
Laryngospasm and intubation		1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)
Primary outcome – sensitivity analysis – per-protocol population
Propofol administered (mg/kg/minute)	82			-0.07 (-0.10 to -0.05)	< 0.0001	0.0009
mean ± SD		0.19 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.07
Median (interquartile range)		0.18 (0.17-0.20)	0.26 (0.21-0.32)
Secondary outcomes-per-protocol population
Examination duration (minutes)	82			1.24 (-1.09 to 3.58)	0.29	0.89
mean ± SD		20.44 ± 4.76	19.20 ± 5.82
Median (interquartile range)		19.00 (17.00-22.00)	19.00 (15.00-21.00)
Total ambulatory stay (minutes)	69			-0.44 (-7.00 to 6.12)	0.89	0.89
mean ± SD		82.22 ± 14.71	82.66 ± 12.59
Median (interquartile range)		81.00 (73.00-94.00)	80.50 (74.50-90.00)
Propofol administered (mg)	82			-86.64 (- 119.09 to -54.18)	< 0.0001	0.0009
mean ± SD		258.24 ± 57.52	344.88 ± 86.86
Median (interquartile range)		250.00 (216.00-283.00)	327.00 (297.00-375.00)
Propofol administered as vials	82			-0.17 (-0.24 to -0.11)	< 0.0001	0.0009
mean ± SD		0.52 ± 0.12	0.69 ± 0.17
Median (interquartile range)		0.50 (0.43-0.57)	0.65 (0.59-0.75)
PSi	81			3.50 (1.98 to 5.00)	< 0.0001	0.0009
mean ± SD		35.23 ± 3.43	31.73 ± 3.39
Median (interquartile range)		35.00 (34.00-37.50)	32.00 (30.00-34.00)
Difference between after and before intervention in SBP	78			-4.05 (-12.77 to 4.67)	0.36	0.89
mean ± SD		11.86 ± 19.18	15.91 ± 19.48
Median (interquartile range)		12.00 (-3.75-23.50)	13.25 (4.00-34.00)
Difference between after and before intervention in DBP	78			4.08 (-2.94 to 11.09)	0.25	0.89
mean ± SD		8.90 ± 15.51	4.82 ± 15.59
Median (interquartile range)		6.50 (-1.50-15.75)	5.00 (-4.50-14.00)
Difference between after and before intervention in PP	76			2.05 (-4.15 to 8.26)	0.51	0.89
mean ± SD		7.21 ± 14.32	5.16 ± 12.81
Median (interquartile range)		5.75 (1.84-15.25)	5.00 (-2.84-12.25)

DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; PP: Pulse pressure; PSi: Patient State index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure.

Table 3 Multivariable linear regression model for propofol consumption rate (mg/kg/minute) in per-protocol population

Characteristic	Propofol dose/mg/kg/min administered, n = 82			t value	P value	P adjusted (Hochberg)
	Estimate	95%CI	Standard error
Music protocol	0
Standard care	0.07	0.05 to 0.1	0.01	7.29	< 0.0001	0.0009
Female	0
Male	-0.02	-0.04 to 0.00007	0.01	-1.99	0.05	0.3
Age in years	-0.001	-0.002 to -0.0002	0.0005	-2.44	0.02	0.14
BMI	-0.006	-0.009 to -0.002	0.002	-3.48	0.0008	0.0064
Duration of intervention in minutes	-0.006	-0.008 to -0.003	0.001	-5.51	< 0.0001	0.0009

BMI: Body mass index.