Intravenous proton pump inhibitors vs oral potassium competitive acid blockers before endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers

Table 1 Baseline demographics of the patients

Before endoscopy (pre-treatment)	Intravenous injection of PPI (n = 61)	Per oral intake, PCAB (n = 44)	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	68.83 ± 15.96	71.21 ± 15.59	0.47
Male sex, n (%)	46 (75.4)	26 (59.1)	0.20
Current smoker	25	10	0.08
Alcohol	19	10	0.47
Causes of bleeding
Gastric ulcer	26	24	0.71
Duodenal ulcer	24	14	-
Both	11	6	-
Helicobacter pylori	32	15	0.12
Anti-platelet agents	16	12	0.25
Anti-coagulant (NOAC)	3	5	0.17
NSAIDs/COX 2 inhibitors	12	11	0.38
ASA status	-	-	0.12
1	6	5	-
2	44	25	-
3	9	14	-
4	2	0	-
Glasgow-Blatchford score, mean ± SD	10.27 ± 4.63	9.97 ± 4.15	0.75
Rockall score, mean ± SD	5.85 ± 2.18	5.30 ± 1.65	0.18
AIMS65 score, mean ± SD	1.38 ± 1.11	1.12 ± 0.57	0.17
Therapeutic intervention	33	10	< 0.01
Forrest classification
I and IIa	27	5	< 0.01
Re-bleeding episode	13	2	0.02
In-hospital	6	1	-
Out-patient	7	1	-

PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; PCAB: Potassium competitive acid blocker; NOAC: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; COX 2: Cyclo-oxygenase 2; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Multivariate analysis related to therapeutic intervention

Variables	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	1.005	0.972-1.039	0.777
Male sex	0.548	0.184-1.632	0.280
Helicobacter pylori infection	1.331	0.528-3.356	0.544
Use of anti-coagulants	0.994	0.193-5.120	0.994
Use of anti-platelet	1.299	0.493-3.423	0.596
PCAB (vs PPI)	0.272	0.111-0.665	0.004a

^aStatistically significant.

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; PCAB: Potassium competitive acid blocker.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis related to rebleeding

Variables	OR	95%CI	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	1.001	0.950-1.054	0.977
Male sex	0.804	0.153-4.216	0.797
Helicobacter pylori infection	0.624	0.151-2.584	0.515
Use of anti-coagulants	9.206	1.144-74.111	0.037a
Use of anti-platelet	2.243	0.618-8.131	0.219
Forrest classification (≥ IIa)	1.822	0.499-6.655	0.364
PCAB (vs PPI)	0.141	0.024-0.844	0.032a

^aStatistically significant.

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; PCAB: Potassium competitive acid blocker.