Moutzoukis M, Argyriou K, Kapsoritakis A, Christodoulou D. Endoscopic luminal stenting: Current applications and future perspectives. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 15(4): 195-215 [PMID: 37138934 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i4.195]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Konstantinos Argyriou, MD, MSc, PhD, Academic Researcher, Consultant Physician-Scientist, Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School and University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo, Larissa GR41334, Greece. kosnar2@yahoo.gr
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Apr 16, 2023; 15(4): 195-215 Published online Apr 16, 2023. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v15.i4.195
Table 1 Types of stents
Types of stents
Appropriate indications
Pros
Cons
Uncovered SEMS
Poor survival
Low risk of migration
High risk of tumor ingrowth
High risk of migration
Difficult removal
Gastroduodenal obstruction
Partially covered SEMS
Risk of migration
Difficult removal
Fully covered SEMS
Risk of tumor in growth
Safe and easy removal
High risk of migration
Temporary measure
Low risk of tumor in growth
SEPS
Temporary measure
Safe and easy removal
Complex and stiff stent introducer
Esophageal stricture
No tumor in growth
High risk of stent failure
Table 2 Common complications of esophageal stents
Early complications
Long-term complications
Pain
Occlusion
Migration
Gastroesophageal reflux
Expansion/deployment failure
Dysphagia
Mispositioning
Fistula formation
Bleeding
Bleeding
Table 3 Complications of gastroduodenal stents
Early complications
Long-term complications
Migration
Migration
Obstruction
Perforation
Biliary obstruction
Obstruction
Perforation
Fistula formation
Bleeding
Stent fracture
Mispositioning
None
Table 4 Common applications of stent placement in the large intestine
Common applications
Colorectal carcinoma and bowel obstruction
In non-operative candidates
Bowel obstruction
In non-operative candidates
Local postoperative neoplastic recurrence
Preoperative decompression in obstructing resectable colorectal carcinoma (bridge-to-surgery)
Relief of large bowel obstruction from extracolonic malignancy, pelvic mass or peritoneal carcinomatosis
Malignant colorectal fistula, e.g., to the urinary bladder or vagina
Postoperative anastomotic leakage
Fistula formation
Table 5 Complications of colon stents
Early complications
Long-term complications
Technical failure (malpositioning or incomplete expansion)
Stent migration
Stent misplacement/failed relief of obstruction
Obstruction recurrence
Bleeding
Chemotherapy-related perforation
Stent migration
Fistula formation
Pelvic or rectal pain
Bleeding
Ischemia
Citation: Moutzoukis M, Argyriou K, Kapsoritakis A, Christodoulou D. Endoscopic luminal stenting: Current applications and future perspectives. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 15(4): 195-215