Enlarged folds on endoscopic gastritis as a predictor for submucosal invasion of gastric cancers

Table 1 Patient characteristics of this study

Patient characteristics
n	266
Age, mean (SD), yr	66.7 (12.1)
Male sex	58.6%
Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2	22.8 (3.3)
Surveillance endoscopy within 2 yr	35.0%
Current Helicobacter pylori infection	52.6%
Endoscopic findings
Atrophy score, mean (SD)	1.75 (0.54)
Intestinal metaplasia score, mean (SD)	1.32 (0.84)
Enlarged folds score, mean (SD)	0.24 (0.43)
Nodularity score, mean (SD)	0.08 (0.27)
Diffuse redness score, mean (SD)	1.15 (0.92)
Kyoto score, mean (SD)	4.54 (1.84)
Lauren’s diffuse-type	21.8%
Depth of gastric cancer, M/SM/MP or deeper, n	179/51/36

M: Mucosa; MP: Muscularis propria; SD: Standard deviation; SM: Submucosa.

Table 2 Effect on submucosal invasion of gastric cancer

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Odds ratio	P value	Regression coefficient	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	P value
Age	0.96	< 0.001	0.003	1.00 (0.97-1.03)	0.82
Male sex	1.17	0.56
Body mass index	0.85	< 0.001	-0.130	0.88 (0.79-0.98)	0.02
Surveillance endoscopy within 2 yr	0.12	< 0.001	-1.913	0.15 (0.06-0.38)	< 0.001
Current Helicobacter pylori infection	2.55	< 0.001	-0.387	0.68 (0.21-2.24)	0.52
Endoscopic findings
Atrophy score	0.58	0.11
Intestinal metaplasia score	0.71	0.03	-0.014	0.99 (0.65-1.49)	0.95
Enlarged folds score	4.76	< 0.001	1.222	3.39 (1.61-7.14)	0.001
Nodularity score	1.57	0.33
Diffuse redness score	1.48	0.01	-0.020	0.98 (0.54-1.78)	0.95
Kyoto score	1.14	0.08
Lauren’s diffuse-type	7.61	< 0.001	1.627	5.09 (2.22-11.64)	< 0.001

P values were calculated using binomial logistic regression analysis.