Molecular analysis of pancreatic cystic neoplasm in routine clinical practice

Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of the study population, n (%)

Patients	n = 35
Age (yr)	66.7 ± 14.5
Male gender	17 (48.6)
ASA I-II	25 (71.4)
AAS	5 (14.3)
Smoking	12 (34.3)
History of acute pancreatitis	3 (8.6)
History of extrapancreatic neoplasia	10 (28.6)
Family history of pancreatic cancer	3 (8.6)
Symptoms	10 (28.6)

Quantitative variables are expressed as mean and standard deviation. Qualitative variables are expressed as absolute values; percentages are indicated in parentheses. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist classification; AAS: Acetylsalicylic acid.

Table 2 Morphological characteristics

Radiological imaging tests	n (%)
Malignant	7 (19.4)
Non-malignant	29 (80.6)
Worrisome features on EUS	18 (50)
EUS diagnosis
Malignant	4 (11.1)
BD-IPMN	9 (25)
MD-IPMN	14 (38.9)
MCN	5 (13.9)
SCN	4 (11.1)
Location
Head	21 (58.3)
Body	15 (41.7)
Tail	0
Multifocal	8 (22.9)
Size (mm)	27 ± 15.5
Size MPD > 3 mm	11 (30.6)
Mural nodule	8 (22.2)
Contrast enhancement pattern
Hypo/iso-enhanced walls	18 (54.5)
Hyperenhanced walls	12 (36.4)
Mixed enhancement pattern	3 (9.1)

Quantitative variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Quantitative variables are expressed as absolute values, and their proportions are in bracketed text. EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; BD-IPMN: Branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; MD-IPMN: Main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; MCN: Mucinous cystic neoplasm; SCN: Serous cystic neoplasm; MPD: Main pancreatic duct.

Table 3 Cyst fluid analysis

Biochemical	n (%)
CEA (n = 29)
< 192 ng/mL	14 (48.3)
≥ 192 ng/mL	15 (51.7)
Glucose (n = 16)
< 50 mg/dL	10 (62.5)
≥ 50 mg/dL	6 (37.5)
Cytological
Papanicolau classification (n = 36)
II	13 (36.1)
IV	22 (61.1)
VI	1 (2.8)
Mucin staining (n = 36)
Positive	22 (61.1)
Negative	14 (38.9)
Molecular
Possible	25 (69.4)
Not possible	11 (30.6)

Quantitative variables are expressed as absolute values, and their proportions are in parentheses. CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 4 Molecular analysis

	Non-mucinous					Mucinous
	PCN5	PCN15	PCN18	PCN20	PCN33	PCN0	PCN1	PCN2	PCN3	PCN4	PCN7	PCN11	PCN13	PCN14	PCN16	PCN17	PCN19	PCN21	PCN24	PCN25	PCN29	PCN30	PCN34
KRAS	M	M	N	N	M	M	N	N	N	N	M	N	N	N	N	M	N	N	N	M	M	N	N
GNAS	M	M	N	N	M	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	M	N	N	M	M	N	M	M	M	M	M
VHL	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
P53	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
PIK3R1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M	M	M
EGFR	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
ALK	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
NOTCH1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
GNA11	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
CDKN2A	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
APC	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
FGFR2	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
IDH1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M	M	M	M	M	M
PIK3CA	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
KIT	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
MET	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
FGFR1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
ROS1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
GNAQ	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
PDGFRA	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M	N
FGFR3	N	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
RNF43	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
RET	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N
ERBB2	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
DDR2	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
BRAF	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M
ESR1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
FGFBR2	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
FBXW7	M	M	N	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
FOXL2	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
MAP2K1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	N	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
AKT1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
CTNNB1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
SMAD4	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
PTEN	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
NRAS	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
IDH2	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
HRAS	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M
CDH1	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M	M

PCN: Pancreatic cystic neoplasm. M: Mutated; N: Not-mutated.