Clinical impact of confocal laser endomicroscopy in the management of gastrointestinal lesions with an uncertain diagnosis

Figure 1 Colonic polyp. A: A sigmoid flat polyp was viewed using digital chromoendoscopy with high definition by i-scan, which revealed a pit pattern suggestive of a hyperplastic lesion in a patient with cirrhosis and important coagulation disorders; B: CLE showing dysplasia (image optimized by using a green-white image color palette in Cellvizio^® viewer software); C: A histological analysis of the specimen confirmed the dysplasia. CLE: Confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Figure 2 Undetermined stenosis of the biliary tract. A: ERCP was performed in a patient with undetermined stenosis who was cytobrush-negative for malignancy; B: Spyglass cholangioscopy showing a reddish area that was not suspected of malignancy; C: CLE showing dark clumps that were suspected of malignancy (image optimized using the “black-red-yellow” image color palette in Cellvizio^® viewer software); D: The histological results of a target biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. CLE: Confocal laser endomicroscopy; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.