Introduction of endoscopic submucosal dissection in the West

Figure 1 NYU Winthrop esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection experience. A: ESD characteristics and histopathology; B: Histology of lesions; C: Learning effect on procedure time; D: Learning effect on R0 resection rate. AEs: Adverse events; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Figure 2 Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer (NYU-Winthrop).

Figure 3 Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection difficulty by location. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Figure 4 Relative endoscopic submucosal dissection difficulty by location. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; EGJ: Esophagogastric junction.

Figure 5 Chronology of endoscopic submucosal dissection development in a Western Center. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; STER: submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection; EFTR: endoscopic full-thickness resection.

Figure 6 NYU-Winthrop endoscopic submucosal dissection experiences. A: ESD pathology; B: ESD R0 rates; C: UGI ESD dissection speed. ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Figure 7 Traction in endoscopic submucosal dissection. A: Traction via clip on string; B: Traction via pulley effect with two clips.