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Yuan H, Medina-Inojosa JR, Lopez-Jimenez F, Miranda WR, Collazo-Clavell ML, Sarr MG, Chamberlain AM, Hodge DO, Bailey KR, Wang Y, Chen Y, Cha YM. The Long-Term Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Development of Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiovascular Events in Obese Patients: An Historical Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:647118. [PMID: 33928133 PMCID: PMC8076511 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.647118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether early Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) reduces the risk of Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with obesity. Patients and Methods: We conducted a study of patients with class II and III obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2] from Olmsted County, Minnesota, who underwent obesity clinic consultation between the years 1993-2012, and had either RYGB surgery within 1 year (RYGB-1Y group), or medically managed (No-RYGB group). The composite endpoint of MACE (all-cause mortality, stroke, heart failure admission and acute myocardial infarction) was the primary endpoint, with new-onset AF as the secondary endpoint. Results: Of the 1,009 study patients, 308 had RYGB-1Y and 701 were medically managed (No-RYGB). Overall, the age was 44.0 ± 12.4 (mean ± SD) years; BMI was 45.0 ± 6.8 kg/m2. The RYGB-1Y group had a lower rate of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.88; P = 0.008) and lower mortality (adjusted HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26-0.96; P = 0.04) than the No-RYGB group. The RYGB-1Y surgery was not associated with lower AF occurrence (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.40-1.10; P = 0.11). Conclusion: An early RYGB approach for BMI reduction was associated with lower rates of MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| | | | | | - William R Miranda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Maria L Collazo-Clavell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael G Sarr
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alanna M Chamberlain
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - David O Hodge
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Kent R Bailey
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yutang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Trends in Bariatric Surgery: a 5-Year Analysis of the Israel National Bariatric Surgery Registry. Obes Surg 2020; 30:1761-1767. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Castaneda D, Popov VB, Wander P, Thompson CC. Risk of Suicide and Self-harm Is Increased After Bariatric Surgery-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2019; 29:322-333. [PMID: 30343409 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is endorsed by multiple societies as the most effective treatment for obesity. Psychosocial functioning has also been noted to improve for most patients after bariatric surgery. However, some studies have shown an increase in post-operative suicide risk. The aim of this study was to review the published literature and evaluate the association of bariatric surgery with suicide events and suicide/self-harm attempts in patients who have undergone weight loss surgery. METHODS MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception through January 2018 for retrospective or prospective studies reporting mortality outcomes and self-harm or suicide rates after bariatric procedures. The primary outcome was the pooled event rate with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for suicide. Secondary outcomes were suicide/self-harm attempts after bariatric surgery compared to same population prior to surgery and to matched control subjects, with the respective calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. RESULTS From 227 citations, 32 studies with 148,643 subjects were eligible for inclusion. The patients were predominantly females (76.9%). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was the most commonly performed procedure (58.9%). The post-bariatric suicide event rate was 2.7/1000 patients (95% CI 0.0019-0.0038), while the suicide/self-harm attempt event rate was 17/1000 patients (95% CI 0.01-0.03). The self-harm/suicide attempt risk was higher after bariatric surgery within the same population with OR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.23-2.95), and compared to matched control subjects, OR 3.8 (95% CI, 2.19-6.59). CONCLUSIONS Post-bariatric surgery patients had higher self-harm/suicide attempt risk compared to age-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls. Various pre- and post-surgical psychosocial, pharmacokinetic, physiologic, and medical factors may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castaneda
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
| | - Violeta B Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, New York VA Harbor Healthcare, NYU School of Medicine, 423 E 23rd St., New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Praneet Wander
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northshore Long Island Jewish Hospital, 300 Community Drive, Manhaseet, New York, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Christopher C Thompson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard School of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Ibiebele I, Gallimore F, Schnitzler M, Torvaldsen S, Ford JB. Perinatal outcomes following bariatric surgery between a first and second pregnancy: a population data linkage study. BJOG 2019; 127:345-354. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Ibiebele
- Women and Babies Research The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St Leonards New South Wales Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District Kolling Institute St Leonards New South Wales Australia
| | - F Gallimore
- Women and Babies Research The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St Leonards New South Wales Australia
- North Shore Private Hospital St Leonards New South Wales Australia
| | - M Schnitzler
- Women and Babies Research The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St Leonards New South Wales Australia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards New South Wales Australia
| | - S Torvaldsen
- Women and Babies Research The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St Leonards New South Wales Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of New South Wales Kensington New South Wales Australia
| | - JB Ford
- Women and Babies Research The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St Leonards New South Wales Australia
- Northern Sydney Local Health District Kolling Institute St Leonards New South Wales Australia
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Dabi Y, Darrigues L, Katsahian S, Azoulay D, De Antonio M, Lazzati A. Publication Trends in Bariatric Surgery: a Bibliometric Study. Obes Surg 2017; 26:2691-2699. [PMID: 27052317 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in bariatric surgery has considerably increased in the scientific community in the last two decades. We present a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in bariatric surgery focusing on the period 2010-2014. METHODS We used the Web of Science database as source of data. The main bibliometric indicators were applied in order to assess the increase of scientific production, the productivity of journals, authors, and countries. RESULTS Bibliographic research retrieved 7860 papers for the period 2010-2014. The scientific production in bariatric surgery has an exponential distribution (r = 97.9 %). A total of 76.8 % (21,893/28,505) of authors signed one paper and 307 (1.1 %) signed ten or more. The two most prolific journals are Obesity Surgery and SOARD, responsible for 22 % of the publication. The largest contributors in absolute number of articles are the USA, the UK, and Italy, while Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland are the most prolific nations after adjustment for the number of inhabitants and prevalence of obesity. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery has been a field of intense research in the last 20 years. We observed a growing interest of non-surgical journals and an increasing participation of new countries. Nevertheless, latest trends suggest a saturation of scientific production in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Dabi
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil 40, Avenue de Verdun, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Lauren Darrigues
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil 40, Avenue de Verdun, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Sandrine Katsahian
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Unité d'Épidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418, Module Épidémiologie Clinique, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Department of Digestive, HepatoPancreatoBiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Hôpital Henri Mondor - AP-HP, 51 avenue du maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, France.,University Paris-Est, Paris, France
| | - Marie De Antonio
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Lazzati
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil 40, Avenue de Verdun, 94010, Créteil, France. .,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Obesity with a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2 represents a significant risk for increased morbidity and mortality, with reduced life expectancy of about 10 years. Until now, surgical treatment has been the only effective longterm intervention. The currently standardized method of bariatric surgery, gastric bypass, means that many gastrointestinal peptide hormones are activated, yielding net reductions in appetite and food intake. Among the most important gut peptide hormones in this perspective is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which rises sharply after gastric bypass. Consistent with outcomes of this surgery, GLP-1 suppresses appetite and reduces food intake. This implies that GLP-1 has the potential to achieve a similar therapeutic outcome as gastric bypass. GLP-1 analogs, which are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, also lead to significant weight loss. Altered hormonal profiles after gastric bypass therefore indicate a logical connection between gut peptide hormone levels, weight loss and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, combinations of GLP-1 with other gut hormones such as peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) may be able to reinforce GLP-1 driven reduction in appetite and food intake. Pharmacological intenvention in obesity by use of GLP-1 analogs (exenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, lixisenatide, taspoglutide) and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) degradation that inactivate GLP-1 (sitagliptin, vildagliptin), leading to reduced appetite and weight with positive effects on metabolic control, are realistically achievable. This may be regarded as a low-risk therapeutic alternative to surgery for reducing obesity-related risk factors in the obese with lower BMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic-Luc Webb
- a Gastroenterology and Heptatology Unit , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Niclas Abrahamsson
- b Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Magnus Sundbom
- c Department of Surgical Sciences , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- a Gastroenterology and Heptatology Unit , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Cardoso L, Rodrigues D, Gomes L, Carrilho F. Short- and long-term mortality after bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:1223-1232. [PMID: 28244626 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to investigate short- (≤ 30 days) and long-term (≥ 2 years) all-cause mortality after bariatric surgery among adult patients with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS For short-term mortality, eligible studies comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting perioperative mortality. For long-term mortality, eligible studies comprised RCTs and observational studies comparing mortality between obese patients after bariatric surgery and non-operated controls. Random-effects models using a Bayesian or frequentist approach were used to pool effect estimates of short- and long-term mortality, respectively. RESULTS Short-term all-cause mortality based on 38 RCTs involving 4030 patients was 0.18% (95% CI, 0.04%-0.38%) and was higher for open surgeries (0.31%; 95% CI, 0.03%-0.97%) and similar in mixed surgeries (0.17%; 95% CI, 0.03%-0.43%) and restrictive surgeries (0.17%; 95% CI, 0.03%-0.45%). For long-term mortality, 12 observational studies involving 27 258 operated patients and 97 154 non-operated obese controls were included. Of these, 8 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis, which showed a reduction of 41% in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.52-0.67; P < .001). Additionally, operated patients were 0.42 times as likely (95% CI, 0.25-0.72, P < .001) and 0.47 times as likely (95% CI, 0.36-0.63, P < .001) as non-operated obese controls to die from cardiovascular diseases and cancer, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery is associated with low short-term mortality and may be associated with long-term reductions in all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Cardoso
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dírcea Rodrigues
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonor Gomes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Carrilho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Bordan NS, Yashkov YI. Evolution of biliopancreatic diversion in the treatment of morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. DIABETES MELLITUS 2017; 20:201-209. [DOI: 10.14341/7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
The prevalence of morbid obesity is on the rise. Surgical intervention for the treatment of morbid obesity has been shown to provide high metabolic efficiency, acquiring a special role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various surgical procedures are used in treating morbid obesity. These include gastric-bypass surgery and biliopancreatic bypass diversion (BPD), each with various advantages of its own. In recent years, BPD (also referred to as the Scopinaro procedure) has evolved and been modified into the single anastomosis duodeno-ileal (SADI) procedure. Like other types of BPD, the SADI procedure effectively reduces excess body weight and promotes normalisation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, leading to a reduced frequency of insulin therapy and use of antidiabetic drugs. The potential benefits of the procedure include reduced operative time and a reduced incidence of internal hernias. Studies have also shown that the SADI procedure results in fewer early and late post-operative complications. Given the effectiveness of the procedure, it is necessary to increase the number and duration of observations made to enable further insight into the long-term efficacy and use of the SADI procedure.
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Risk of Abdominal Surgery in Pregnancy Among Women Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery. Obstet Gynecol 2017; 129:887-895. [PMID: 28383368 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the rates of abdominal surgery during pregnancy among women with previous bariatric surgery (women in the case group) and women with first-trimester body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 and no previous bariatric surgery (women in the control group). METHODS We conducted a national cohort study, merging data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry and the Swedish National Patient Registry, comparing women who had bariatric surgery from 1987 to 2011 with women in a control group with first-trimester BMI greater than 35 who had not had bariatric surgery. Primary outcome variables were diagnosis and surgical procedure codes grouped as five outcome categories: 1) intestinal obstruction, 2) gallbladder disease, 3) appendicitis, 4) hernia, and 5) diagnostic laparoscopy or laparotomy without the presence of a diagnosis or surgical code for outcomes in outcome categories 1-4. Odds ratios were computed using multivariate linear regression analysis for each separate pregnancy. For all pregnancies in a given woman, general estimating equations with robust variance estimation were used. Adjustment was made for smoking, year of delivery, maternal age, and previous abdominal surgery. RESULTS During the first pregnancy after bariatric surgery, the rate of surgery for intestinal obstruction was 1.5% (39/2,543; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.0%) in women in the case group compared with 0.02% (4/21,909; 95% CI 0.0-0.04%) among women in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 34.3, 95% CI 11.9-98.7). Similarly, the rate of diagnostic laparoscopy or laparotomy was 1.5% (37/2,542; 95% CI 1.0-1.9%) among women in the case group compared with 0.1% (18/21,909; 95% CI 0.0-0.1%) among women in the control group (adjusted OR 11.3, 95% CI 6.9-18.5). CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery is associated with an increased risk of abdominal surgery during pregnancy.
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Davidson LE, Adams TD, Kim J, Jones JL, Hashibe M, Taylor D, Mehta T, McKinlay R, Simper SC, Smith SC, Hunt SC. Association of Patient Age at Gastric Bypass Surgery With Long-term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Surg 2017; 151:631-7. [PMID: 26864395 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2015.5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bariatric surgery is effective in reducing all-cause and cause-specific long-term mortality. Whether the long-term mortality benefit of surgery applies to all ages at which surgery is performed is not known. OBJECTIVE To examine whether gastric bypass surgery is equally effective in reducing mortality in groups undergoing surgery at different ages. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from a retrospective cohort within 4 categories defined by age at surgery: younger than 35 years, 35 through 44 years, 45 through 54 years, and 55 through 74 years. Mean follow-up was 7.2 years. Patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery seen at a private surgical practice from January 1, 1984, through December 31, 2002, were studied. Data analysis was performed from June 12, 2013, to September 6, 2015. A cohort of 7925 patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery and 7925 group-matched, severely obese individuals who did not undergo surgery were identified through driver license records. Matching criteria included year of surgery to year of driver license application, sex, 5-year age groups, and 3 body mass index categories. INTERVENTION Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES All-cause and cause-specific mortality compared between those undergoing and not undergoing gastric bypass surgery using HRs. RESULTS Among the 7925 patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery, the mean (SD) age at surgery was 39.5 (10.5) years, and the mean (SD) presurgical body mass index was 45.3 (7.4). Compared with 7925 matched individuals not undergoing surgery, adjusted all-cause mortality after gastric bypass surgery was significantly lower for patients 35 through 44 years old (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.77), 45 through 54 years old (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30-0.62), and 55 through 74 years old (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31-0.79; P < .003 for all) but was not lower for those younger than 35 years (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.82-1.81; P = .34). The lack of mortality benefit in those undergoing gastric bypass surgery at ages younger than 35 years primarily derived from a significantly higher number of externally caused deaths (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.27-5.07; P = .009), particularly among women (HR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.4-6.7; P = .005). Patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery had a significantly lower age-related increase in mortality than severely obese individuals not undergoing surgery (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Gastric bypass surgery was associated with improved long-term survival for all patients undergoing surgery at ages older than 35 years, with externally caused deaths only elevated in younger women. Gastric bypass surgery is protective against mortality even for older patients and also reduces the age-related increase in mortality observed in severely obese individuals not undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance E Davidson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah2Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Ted D Adams
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City3LiVe Well Center-Salt Lake Clinic, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jaewhan Kim
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Jessica L Jones
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - David Taylor
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Tapan Mehta
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Steven C Simper
- Rocky Mountain Associated Physicians Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sherman C Smith
- Rocky Mountain Associated Physicians Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City7Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Doha
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Fouse T, Brethauer S. Resolution of Comorbidities and Impact on Longevity Following Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery. Surg Clin North Am 2016; 96:717-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Adams TD, Mehta TS, Davidson LE, Hunt SC. All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with Bariatric Surgery: A Review. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2016; 17:74. [PMID: 26496931 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-015-0551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether or not nonsurgical intentional or voluntary weight loss results in reduced mortality has been equivocal, with long-term mortality following weight loss being reported as increased, decreased, and not changed. In part, inconsistent results have been attributed to the uncertainty of whether the intentionality of weight loss is accurately reported in large population studies and also that achieving significant and sustained voluntary weight loss in large intervention trials is extremely difficult. Bariatric surgery has generally been free of these conflicts. Patients voluntarily undergo surgery and the resulting weight is typically significant and sustained. These elements, combined with possible non-weight loss-related mechanisms, have resulted in improved comorbidities, which likely contribute to a reduction in long-term mortality. This paper reviews the association between bariatric surgery and long-term mortality. From these studies, the general consensus is that bariatric surgical patients have: 1) significantly reduced long-term all-cause mortality when compared to severely obese non-bariatric surgical control groups; 2) greater mortality when compared to the general population, with the exception of one study; 3) reduced cardiovascular-, stroke-, and cancer-caused mortality when compared to severely obese non-operated controls; and 4) increased risk for externally caused death such as suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted D Adams
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah and Intermountain LiVe Well Center, 389 South 900 East, SLC, Salt Lake City, UT, 84102, USA.
| | - Tapan S Mehta
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Health Professions Building 370, 1705 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Lance E Davidson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, 271 SFH, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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Koch TR, Shope TR, Smith CI. Diet and Activity Programs Are Ineffective in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:683-4. [PMID: 27150215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Koch
- Center for Advanced Laparoscopic General & Bariatric Surgery, MedStar-Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Timothy R Shope
- Center for Advanced Laparoscopic General & Bariatric Surgery, MedStar-Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Coleman I Smith
- MedStar-Georgetown Transplant Institute and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
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Kim J, Eisenberg D, Azagury D, Rogers A, Campos GM. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery position statement on long-term survival benefit after metabolic and bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 12:453-459. [PMID: 26944548 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The following position statement has been issued by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in response to numerous inquiries made to the Society by patients, physicians, society members, hospitals, health insurance payors, the media, and others regarding the benefit of metabolic and bariatric surgery on long-term survival. An overview of the current available published peer-reviewed scientific evidence is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kim
- Department of Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Dan Eisenberg
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Dan Azagury
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ann Rogers
- Department of Surgery, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Guilherme M Campos
- Division of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Lazzati A, Iannelli A, Schneck AS, Nelson AC, Katsahian S, Gugenheim J, Azoulay D. Bariatric surgery and liver transplantation: a systematic review a new frontier for bariatric surgery. Obes Surg 2015; 25:134-42. [PMID: 25337867 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to conduct a systematic review on bariatric surgery (BS) for patients in the setting of liver transplantation (LT). A literature review was conducted on the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies in the English language on adults reporting on BS prior to, during, or after LT were included. Eleven studies with 56 patients were retrieved. Two studies reported on BS before, two during, and seven after LT. Sleeve gastrectomy was the most common procedure, followed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion, and gastric banding. The overall mortality rate was nil in the early postoperative period and 5.3 % in the first postoperative year. The reoperation rate was 12.2 %. Obesity surgery seems feasible in this population, but mortality and morbidity are higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lazzati
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 40 avenue de Verdun, 94000, Créteil, France
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Amer S, Horsley-Silva JL, Menias CO, Pannala R. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 40:2921-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee GK, Cha YM. Cardiovascular benefits of bariatric surgery. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015; 26:280-9. [PMID: 26776254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the United States and worldwide, bringing with it an excess of morbidity and premature death. Obesity is strongly associated with both traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as direct effects on hemodynamics and cardiovascular structure and function. In fact, cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in obese patients. Often, lifestyle and pharmacological weight-loss interventions are of limited efficacy in severely obese patients. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be a feasible option to achieve substantial and sustained weight loss in this group of patients. It is a safe procedure with low in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates even in groups that are considered higher risk for surgery (e.g., the elderly), especially if performed in high-volume centers. There is observational evidence that bariatric surgery in severely obese patients is associated with both a reduction of traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as improvement in cardiac structure and function. Marked decreases in the levels of inflammatory and prothrombotic markers, as well as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, are seen after bariatric surgery. This article summarizes the existing evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits in patients following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K Lee
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Casagrande DS, Rosa DD, Umpierre D, Sarmento RA, Rodrigues CG, Schaan BD. Incidence of cancer following bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2015; 24:1499-509. [PMID: 24817500 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to the development of cancer. Previous studies have suggested that there is a relationship between bariatric surgery and reduced cancer risk. Data sources were from Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. From 951 references, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria (54,257 participants). In controlled studies, bariatric surgery was associated with a reduction in the risk of cancer. The cancer incidence density rate was 1.06 cases per 1000 person-years within the surgery groups. In the meta-regression, we found an inverse relationship between the presurgical body mass index and cancer incidence after surgery (beta coefficient -0.2, P < 0.05). Bariatric surgery is associated with reduced cancer risk in morbidly obese people. However, considering the heterogeneity among the studies, conclusions should be drawn with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schaan Casagrande
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology and Metabolism, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° andar, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Shimatani M, Takaoka M, Tokuhara M, Miyoshi H, Ikeura T, Okazaki K. Review of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using several endoscopic methods in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7:617-627. [PMID: 26078830 PMCID: PMC4461936 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i6.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoscopic approach for biliary diseases in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy (SAGA) had been generally deemed impractical. However, it was radically made feasible by the introduction of double balloon endoscopy (DBE) that was originally developed for diagnosis and treatments for small-bowel diseases. Followed by the subsequent development of single-balloon endoscopy (SBE) and spiral endoscopy (SE), interventions using several endoscopes for biliary disease in patients with SAGA widely gained an acceptance as a new modality. Many studies have been made on this new technique. Yet, some problems are to be solved. For instance, the mutual unavailability among devices due to different working lengths and channels, and unestablished standardization of procedural techniques can be raised. Additionally, in an attempt to standardize endoscopic procedures, it is important to evaluate biliary cannulating methods by case with existence of papilla or not. A full comprehension of the features of respective scope types is also required. However there are not many papers written as a review. In our manuscript, we would like to evaluate and make a review of the present status of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography applying DBE, SBE and SE for biliary diseases in patients with SAGA for establishment of these modalities as a new technology and further improvement of the scopes and devices.
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Tao W, Plecka-Östlund M, Lu Y, Mattsson F, Lagergren J. Causes and risk factors for mortality within 1 year after obesity surgery in a population-based cohort study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 11:399-405. [PMID: 25604834 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of obesity surgery has increased during the past decade. There is a need for population-based assessments of causes and risk factors for postoperative mortality. The objective of this study was to assess causes and risk factors for 1-year mortality after obesity surgery. METHODS This nationwide retrospective population-based cohort study included essentially all obesity surgery patients in Sweden from 1980-2010. Data were collected from Swedish national registries and medical records. Patient characteristics, co-morbidities, and surgical procedures were assessed in relation to 1-year mortality through multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, providing hazard ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, surgical procedure, surgical access, and co-morbidity. RESULTS Among 22,487 obesity surgery patients the 1-year cumulative mortality was .38% (n = 85). Follow-up of cohort was complete. Median time of postoperative death was 45 days. Main causes of death included cardiopulmonary complications (myocardial infarction [n = 14; 16%], pulmonary embolism [n = 12; 14%], sudden cardiac arrest [n = 11; 13%]), and anastomotic leak (n = 12; 14%). Male sex (HR = 2.31; 95% CI 1.48-3.60), diabetes (HR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.44-4.23), and congestive heart failure (HR = 4.82; 95% CI 2.25-10.35) were independently associated with increased 1-year mortality, while age, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and surgical procedure were not. Open surgery entailed an increased mortality compared to laparoscopic surgery from 2000-2010 (HR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.53-4.83), but not from 1990-1999 (HR = .39; 95% CI .11-1.32). CONCLUSION Although the absolute risk of mortality is low, the increased relative risk of mortality associated with male sex, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and open surgical access could influence clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Tao
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Magdalena Plecka-Östlund
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Section for Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yunxia Lu
- Colorectal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Mattsson
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Section of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Piché MÈ, Auclair A, Harvey J, Marceau S, Poirier P. How to choose and use bariatric surgery in 2015. Can J Cardiol 2014; 31:153-66. [PMID: 25661550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and represents a major health care problem with increasing incidence worldwide. Bariatric surgery, through its efficacy and improved safety, is emerging as an important available treatment for patients with severe obesity. Classically, bariatric surgery has been described as either a restrictive or a hybrid surgery, which is a combination of restriction and malabsorption. For most severely obese patients, bariatric surgery results in the remission of major obesity-related comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Thus, bariatric surgery reduces cardiovascular risk burden, and overall mortality risk. Early complications (< 30 days) after bariatric surgery were reported to be < 10% and tend to be lower in restrictive surgeries compared with hybrid surgeries. Most common early complications reported are gastric and anastomosis leak (1.6%-5.1%), bleeding (0.5%-3.5%), and pulmonary embolism (0.2%-1%). Long-term complications (> 30 days) might differ depending on the type of bariatric surgery. According to the type of surgery and the type of study, the 30-day operative mortality rates differ from 0.1% to 1.2%. Studies on postoperative outcomes, investigations on weight loss physiology, and mechanism of action after bariatric surgery provide a better understanding of the bariatric surgery metabolic benefits. In this article, we present an overview of bariatric procedures with their effects, including risks and benefits, on the severely obese patients' health. It provides evidence to support surgical treatment of severe obesity to achieve cardiovascular disease risk reduction in severely obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Piché
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Auclair
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jany Harvey
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Marceau
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Bruschi Kelles SM, Diniz MFHS, Machado CJ, Barreto SM. Mortality rate after open Roux-in-Y gastric bypass: a 10-year follow-up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:617-25. [PMID: 24919174 PMCID: PMC4123842 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic status worldwide. Thousands of
morbidly obese individuals undergo bariatric surgery for sustained weight loss;
however, mid- and long-term outcomes of this surgery are still uncertain. Our
objective was to estimate the 10-year mortality rate, and determine risk factors
associated with death in young morbidly obese adults who underwent bariatric surgery.
All patients who underwent open Roux-in-Y gastric bypass surgery between 2001 and
2010, covered by an insurance company, were analyzed to determine possible
associations between risk factors present at the time of surgery and deaths related
and unrelated to the surgery. Among the 4344 patients included in the study, 79% were
female with a median age of 34.9 years and median body mass index (BMI) of 42
kg/m2. The 30-day and 10-year mortality rates were 0.55 and 3.34%,
respectively, and 53.7% of deaths were related to early or late complications
following bariatric surgery. Among these, 42.7% of the deaths were due to sepsis and
24.3% to cardiovascular complications. Male gender, age ≥50 years, BMI ≥50
kg/m2, and hypertension significantly increased the hazard for all
deaths (P<0.001). Age ≥50 years, BMI ≥50 kg/m2, and surgeon
inexperience elevated the hazard of death from causes related to surgery. Male gender
and age ≥50 years were the factors associated with increased mortality from death not
related to surgery. The overall risk of death after bariatric surgery was quite low,
and half of the deaths were related to the surgery. Older patients and superobese
patients were at greater risk of surgery-related deaths, as were patients operated on
by less experienced surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bruschi Kelles
- Centro de Pós Graduação, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - M F H S Diniz
- Centro de Pós Graduação, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - C J Machado
- Centro de Pós Graduação, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - S M Barreto
- Centro de Pós Graduação, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Salem V, Bloom SR. Approaches to the pharmacological treatment of obesity. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 3:73-88. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Shimatani M, Takaoka M, Matsushita M, Okazaki K. Endoscopic approaches for pancreatobiliary diseases in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy. Dig Endosc 2014; 26 Suppl 1:70-8. [PMID: 24118126 DOI: 10.1111/den.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic treatment for pancreatobiliary diseases is less invasive than surgery and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is highly beneficial to patients. The endoscopic approach is indicated for an increasing number of patients, including those who have undergone previous gastrointestinal surgery, although these patients face two major challenges. First, the endoscopic approach to the afferent loop, blind end, and the site of choledochojejunostomy is difficult with the use of a conventional endoscope because of the distance from the gastrojejunal anastomosis site, unusual anatomical features of the intestine such as its winding shape, and postoperative adhesion. Second, it is difficult to reach Vater's papilla or the site of choledochojejunostomy and to cannulate selectively into the pancreatic and/or biliary duct. The balloon-assisted endoscope (BAE), a recently developed technology, can be useful for carrying out endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy. ERCP using the BAE is highly effective and safe in patients with altered gastrointestinal anatomy, especially in patients with Roux-en-Y reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Shimatani
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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25
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Kamiński JP, Maker VK, Maker AV. Management of Patients with Abdominal Malignancy after Remote Jejunoileal Bypass: Surgical Considerations Decades Later. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 217:929-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractObesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with increased risks of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, stroke and mortality. Weight loss surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, mainly because medical and dietary treatments have been proven insufficient in the long run. Our primary end point was to study the gender effect on vascular responsiveness (endothelial function and the ankle brachial index [ABI]) 3 months post bariatric surgery. Our secondary end points were to study the effect of gender on antropometric parameters (BMI, waist circumference) and chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus type II, arterial hypertension) 3 months following bariatric surgery, and to find independent variables that may affect and predict the post-operative clinical outcome. Methods: In this prospective study, patients were evaluated one day before surgery and 3 months afterwards. Ankle brachial index was measured while the patient was supine after 15 minutes rest and measurement of the systolic blood pressure in all four extremities was done. The brachial artery method was used to measure endothelial function expressed as flow mediated diameter percent change (FMD %). FMD% more than 10% is considered a normal response. Results: Compared with diabetic females, diabetic males had a higher postoperative BMI (men with diabetes mellitus did not lose weight as much as diabetic women) (β=-0.299; P=0.04), while women with diabetes mellitus had a more significant reduction in BMI postoperatively (β=+0.287; P=0.04). Following bariatric surgery, 12 of the 21 patients with diabetes mellitus type II did not need any medications for diabetes (kept HbA1c% less than 6.5%). All other diabetic patients improved their diabetes mellitus status. Women significantly improved their ABI (average increase of 0.07, p=0.04) and their endothelial function (FMD% change was improved from -3.5±9.0% to 14.8±8.1%, an improvement of 18.3%, p<0.001). Systolic blood pressure was decreased significantly (by 6.6 mmHg, p=0.04). Men improved their endothelial function (FMD% change was improved from -1.3±10.1% to 11.7±6.2%, p<0.001), but no significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (p=0.29) nor in ABI (P=0.8). A linear regression analysis found that a higher baseline FMD% significantly predicted a higher postoperative FMD% (β=0.294, P=0.03). In obese males, the higher the baseline BMI the worse the post operative endothelial function (β=-0.921, Pd<0.001) and the same adverse effect was documented for hypertensive men (β=-0.380, P=0.05). For females, the higher the baseline FMD% the higher the postoperative FMD% (β=+0.397; P=0.01) [a favorable outcome]. Discussion: Our study has demonstrated a possible mechanistic insight into gender effects observed in epidemiological studies through improvement in vascular response in females undergoing this operation including a better reduction in systolic blood pressure and a better weight reduction in diabetic women with improvement in ABI; unlike males, who did not improve their ABI and did not decrease systolic blood pressure, and the finding that obese diabetic males and obese hypertensive males did the worst.
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Bariatric surgery trends in France: 2005-2011. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013; 10:328-34. [PMID: 24209875 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery underwent a dramatic change in the past decade in France. The objective of this study was to examine elective bariatric surgical procedures from 2005 to 2011 in France and to determine trends in the use of the procedure. METHODS Data were extracted from the National Hospital Database. All admissions involving a bariatric surgery procedure were included. Procedures authorized by the Public Health Authority for the treatment of morbid obesity, including the adjustable gastric banding (AGB), vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), gastric bypass (GB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), either by laparotomic or laparoscopic approach, were retrieved. Revisional procedures, such as band removal or repositioning, band changing, and access device revisions, were also evaluated. RESULTS We observed a 2.5-fold increase in bariatric procedures, from 12,800 in 2005 to 31,000 in 2011. Sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass became the most common bariatric procedures in France in 2011, whereas adjustable gastric banding has been decreasing since 2007. During the analysis period, about 50,000 revisional procedures were performed. The number of hospitals (private or public) providing bariatric surgery has considerably increased. However, most of the activity remains confined to a small number of centers, as 50% of all bariatric surgeries are carried out in 12% of hospitals. Bariatric procedures are predominantly performed in private hospitals. CONCLUSIONS In France the number of bariatric procedures increased considerably between 2005 and 2011. The type of procedures changed, with a constant decrease of AGB and an important increase of SG and GB. Most bariatric procedures are still performed in low volume activity hospitals and in private hospitals.
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Tan TM, Field BCT, Minnion JS, Cuenco-Shillito J, Chambers ES, Zac-Varghese S, Brindley CJ, Mt-Isa S, Fiorentino F, Ashby D, Ward I, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and tolerability of a novel analogue of human pancreatic polypeptide, PP 1420. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 73:232-9. [PMID: 21834938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this phase 1 study were to confirm the tolerability of single ascending subcutaneous doses of PP 1420 in healthy subjects, to assess its adverse effects and to investigate the drug's pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality. METHODS This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. There were three dosing periods. Each subject (n= 12) was randomized to receive one dose of placebo and two ascending doses of PP 1420, given as a subcutaneous injection. Blood samples were taken over 24 h to assess pharmacokinetics. Standard safety and laboratory data were collected. The primary endpoint was the tolerability of PP 1420. The secondary endpoint was exposure to PP 1420 as assessed by C(max) and AUC(0,∞). RESULTS PP 1420 was well tolerated by all subjects with no serious adverse effects. Following single subcutaneous doses of PP 1420 at 2, 4 and 8 mg to male subjects, C(max) was reached at a median t(max) of approximately 1 h post dose (range 0.32-2.00 h). Thereafter, plasma concentrations of PP 1420 declined with geometric mean apparent terminal elimination t(1/2) ranging from 2.42-2.61 h (range 1.64-3.95 h) across all dose levels. CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous PP 1420 was well tolerated in healthy human subjects at single doses between 2-8 mg, with no tolerability issues arising. Where observed, adverse events were not serious, and there was no evidence of a dose-relationship to frequency of adverse events. The results therefore support the conduct of clinical trials to investigate efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics during repeated dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia M Tan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
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29
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De Silva A, Bloom SR. Gut Hormones and Appetite Control: A Focus on PYY and GLP-1 as Therapeutic Targets in Obesity. Gut Liver 2012; 6:10-20. [PMID: 22375166 PMCID: PMC3286726 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. However, the medical treatment of obesity is limited. Gastric bypass is an effective surgical treatment but carries significant perioperative risks. The gut hormones, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), are elevated following gastric bypass and have been shown to reduce food intake. They may provide new therapeutic targets. This review article provides an overview of the central control of food intake and the role of PYY and GLP-1 in appetite control. Key translational animal and human studies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila De Silva
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
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31
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Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. Cardiovascular benefits of bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients. Obes Rev 2011; 12:515-524. [PMID: 21348922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Morbid obesity is associated with increased morbidity and represents a major healthcare problem with increasing incidence worldwide. Bariatric surgery is considered an effective option for the management of morbid obesity. We searched MEDLINE, Current Contents and the Cochrane Library for papers published on bariatric surgery in English from 1 January 1990 to 20 July 2010. We also manually checked the references of retrieved articles for any pertinent material. Bariatric surgery results in resolution of major comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nephropathy, left ventricular hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnea in the majority of morbidly obese patients. Through these effects and possibly other independent mechanisms bariatric surgery appears to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) appears to be more effective than laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. Operation-associated mortality rates after bariatric surgery are low and LAGB is safer than LRYGB. In morbidly obese patients bariatric surgery is safe and appears to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Athyros
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotelian University, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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32
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Katsiki N, Hatzitolios AI, Mikhailidis DP. Naltrexone sustained-release (SR) + bupropion SR combination therapy for the treatment of obesity: 'a new kid on the block'? Ann Med 2011; 43:249-58. [PMID: 21254901 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.541490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is growing rapidly worldwide, and therefore there is a need for effective treatment strategies. The rationale of combination therapy in treating chronic diseases, such as obesity, is the potential additive or synergistic effects. This review considers the results of phase III clinical trials with naltrexone sustained-release (SR) + bupropion SR combination therapy in obese patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also discuss the potential therapeutic applications of this weight-reducing treatment option. Recent clinical trials have shown that the administration of naltrexone SR + bupropion SR resulted in effective weight loss. Furthermore, this treatment was associated with improvement in cardiometabolic variables. Depression and suicidal ideation were more frequently reported in the placebo compared with the combination groups. However, significantly more patients on naltrexone SR + bupropion SR experienced adverse events, mainly nausea, and discontinued treatment compared with placebo. Increases in blood pressure and pulse rate were observed only in the combination groups. Further investigation is needed to clarify the clinical significance of this weight-reducing therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role of gut hormones involved in appetite regulation and their potential in the treatment of obesity. RECENT FINDINGS The medical treatment of obesity has been fraught with challenges. With two centrally acting agents having been recently withdrawn from the market, new therapies are required. The gut hormones are especially promising therapeutic targets. This article looks at the interplay between gut and brain which mediates the regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. Some recent developments that point the way towards the future development of gut hormone analogues as treatments for obesity are reviewed. SUMMARY Our understanding of the interaction between gut hormones and the neuronal circuits controlling appetite regulation has made great advances over recent years. This knowledge is essential if these peptides are to become potential obesity therapies, both from an efficacy and safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimini Cegla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Marsk R, Näslund E, Freedman J, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F. Bariatric surgery reduces mortality in Swedish men. Br J Surg 2010; 97:877-83. [PMID: 20309894 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality is lower in obese patients who have undergone surgery for obesity than in those who have not. The majority of patients in these studies have been women. Perioperative mortality is known to be higher among men, and this may counterbalance the survival advantage seen after surgery. This cohort study compared mortality among operated obese patients, non-operated obese patients and a general control cohort of men. METHODS The study was based on record linkage between Swedish registries. An operated obese, a non-operated obese and a general control cohort were created. The two non-operated cohorts were assigned pseudosurgery dates. Data regarding preoperative and postoperative morbidity were collected, as well as mortality data. RESULTS Hazard ratios were calculated for mortality between the cohorts adjusting for preoperative morbidity and age. Comparison of all-cause mortality for the obese surgical and non-surgical cohorts gave an adjusted mortality risk of 0.7 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0.5 to 1.0) (P = 0.039); the adjusted mortality risk was 1.5 (95 per cent c.i. 1.1 to 2.0) (P = 0.011) when the obese surgical cohort was compared with the general control cohort. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery reduces overall mortality in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marsk
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, SE-182 88 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wang AY, Sauer BG, Behm BW, Ramanath M, Cox DG, Ellen KL, Shami VM, Kahaleh M. Single-balloon enteroscopy effectively enables diagnostic and therapeutic retrograde cholangiography in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71:641-9. [PMID: 20189529 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2009.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with surgically altered anatomy, ERCP is often unsuccessful. Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) enables deep intubation of the small bowel, permitting diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP in this subset of patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of SBE in performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in patients with surgically altered anatomy. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Large quaternary-care center. PATIENTS Thirteen patients (11 women) underwent 16 SBE procedures with ERCP. Patient anatomy consisted of Whipple (n = 3), hepaticojejunostomy (n = 3), Billroth II (n = 1), and Roux-en-Y (n = 9). INTERVENTIONS Patients with surgically altered anatomy in whom standard ERCP techniques had failed or were not possible underwent ERC by using SBE with initial therapeutic intent. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Success rates of diagnostic ERC and therapeutic ERC in those patients who required biliary intervention. Procedure-related complications were also assessed. RESULTS Diagnostic ERC was successful 12 (92.3%) of 13 patients and in 13 (81.3%) of 16 cases. Therapeutic ERC was required in 10 patients in whom diagnostic ERC was first accomplished, and therapeutic ERC was successful in 9 (90%) of 10 patients. Biliary interventions included balloon dilation (n = 4), stone extraction (n = 2), sphincterotomy (n = 4), removal of a surgically placed stent (n = 3), and stenting (n = 2). Two patients developed pancreatitis after therapeutic ERC. Median follow-up was 53 days (range 22-522 days). Overall procedural success in an intent-to-treat analysis by case was 75%. LIMITATION Single-center experience. CONCLUSION SBE enables diagnostic and therapeutic ERC in most patients with altered anatomy. SBE-assisted therapeutic ERC may be associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis. Improvement of the available equipment is necessary to perform more efficient and effective biliary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Jakobsen GS, Hofsø D, Røislien J, Sandbu R, Hjelmesaeth J. Morbidly obese patients--who undergoes bariatric surgery? Obes Surg 2010; 20:1142-8. [PMID: 20049653 PMCID: PMC2910888 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-009-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery particularly benefits patients with obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea. We aimed to examine whether the variables that influence treatment choice differ between morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and those opting for conservative treatments. Methods A total of 505 consecutive morbidly obese patients (72% women; mean (SD) age 42 (12) years) who attended our tertiary care center between December 2005 and February 2007 were examined by a multidisciplinary team and offered surgical or conservative treatment. The chi-square test, independent samples t test, and multiple logistic regression were used in the statistical analyses. Results A total of 249 (49%) patients underwent bariatric surgery. When compared to the conservative group of patients, the surgery group was characterized by a significantly higher mean (SD) BMI (46.5(6.2) vs. 43.2(5.5) kg/m2, p < 0.001), earlier onset of obesity (40% vs. 26% before 12 years of age, p < 0.001), and lower age (41(11) vs. 44(13) years, p = 0.002). In contrast, the groups did not differ significantly with respect to gender or obesity-related comorbidities. After adjustments for gender, age, onset of obesity, and the number of comorbidities, multiple regression revealed that patients with BMI 40–50 or >50 kg/m2 had between 3 (OR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.9–4.9, p < 0.001) and 6 (OR = 5.7; 95% CI 3.0–11.0, p < 0.001) times the chance of undergoing bariatric surgery when compared to patients with a BMI <40 kg/m2 (reference). Conclusion Our data indicates that increasing BMI rather than obesity-related comorbidities, predicted treatment choice in morbidly obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn Signe Jakobsen
- Morbid Obesity Centre, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway.
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Marsk R, Tynelius P, Rasmussen F, Freedman J. Short-Term Morbidity and Mortality After Open Versus Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Surgery. A Population-Based Study from Sweden. Obes Surg 2009; 19:1485-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-009-9942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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