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de Benito Sanz M, Tejedor-Tejada J, Mangas-Sanjuan C, Santa EDL, Cebrian I, Talegón R, Sánchez-Ocaña R, Pérez-Pariente JM, Pérez-Miranda M, García-Alonso FJ. Double-Blind Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Glucagon vs Placebo in the Resolution of Alimentary Esophageal Impaction. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:87-96. [PMID: 37734342 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of glucagon vs placebo in resolving esophageal foreign body impaction (EFBI), as well as the length of the procedure and adverse events. METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial involving consecutive patients diagnosed with alimentary EFBI. Participants were randomized to receive either 1 mg of intravenous glucagon or placebo. All patients underwent upper endoscopy, and adverse events were assessed through a protocolized telephonic interview 7 days later. RESULTS The study included 72 subjects in the glucagon group and 68 in the placebo group. The foreign body was not identified in 23.6% of subjects in the glucagon group and 20.6% of subjects in the placebo group (difference 3%, 95% confidence interval -10.7% to 16.8%, P = 0.67). The median time required to remove the foreign body was similar in both groups 4 minutes (range 2-10) in the glucagon group and 3.5 minutes (range 2-7) in the placebo group (difference 0.5 minutes, 95% confidence interval -1.3 to 2.3; P = 0.59). The most common adverse event reported in both groups was mild pharyngeal pain. DISCUSSION Glucagon is no more effective than placebo in resolving EFBI or shortening the time required to remove the foreign body (EUDRA-CT number 2019-004920-40).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Benito Sanz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Eva de la Santa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Irene Cebrian
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Talegón
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ramón Sánchez-Ocaña
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Pérez-Miranda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
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Mok SRS. Top 10 tips for foreign body and food impactions. Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 98:830-833. [PMID: 37481002 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaffer R S Mok
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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3
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Loganathan P, Gajendran M, Magraner G. Letter to editor: Decision-To-Scope Score: a novel tool with excellent accuracy in predicting foreign bodies in the esophagus. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023. [PMID: 37263800 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Loganathan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - M Gajendran
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - G Magraner
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Koroljov M, Antipova M, Drobjazgin E, Zaharenko A, Meshkov A, Mihin A, Panfilova V, Pinigin A, Sinicyn V, Razumovskij A, Fedorov E, Shavrov A, Shhjogolev A. A foreign body in the digestive tract. Age group: adults and children. The main positions of the national clinical recommendations approved by the Ministry of Health in December 2021. ENDOSKOPICHESKAYA KHIRURGIYA 2022; 28:5. [DOI: 10.17116/endoskop2022280315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Lee WH, Grover Z, Borland M, Thacker K. Medical Disimpaction for Children With Organic Esophageal Foreign Body in the Era of Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Pediatr Emerg Care 2021; 37:e464-e467. [PMID: 30399068 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal foreign body impaction (EFBI) is a common presentation in pediatric emergency medicine. Interventions (medical or endoscopic) are often required because of the severity of symptoms and risk of complications. Use of medical disimpaction (MD) such as glucagon injections and effervescent agents (eg, carbonated beverages) has been well described in adults; however, there are limited data in the pediatric literature. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a relatively "new" clinicopathological entity that may present with EFBI mostly due to food with histological findings of EoE. Our study aim was to determine the efficacy of MD for organic EFBI in the pediatric population especially in children with EoE. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed using the International Classification of Diseases codes and the emergency department database of patients presenting with EFBI from January 2010 to December 2014. Response to MD was defined as symptomatic relief of obstruction. Age, object ingested, medical agent used, EoE status, complications, and outcome were recorded. RESULTS A total of 317 presentations of EFBI were identified during the study period, of which organic EFBI accounted for 101 impactions (31.9%). Medical disimpaction was attempted for 42 (41.6%) with organic EFBI, resulting in resolution of symptoms for 16 (38.1%). One child with EoE responded to MD compared with 15 without EoE (4.8% vs 71.4%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Medical disimpaction was ineffective in children with EoE but may be of help with symptom resolution in approximately 70% of children without EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hao Lee
- From the Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Gurala D, Polavarapu A, Philipose J, Amarnath S, Avula A, Idiculla PS, Demissie S, Gumaste V. Esophageal Food Impaction: A Retrospective Chart Review. Gastroenterology Res 2021; 14:173-178. [PMID: 34267832 PMCID: PMC8256903 DOI: 10.14740/gr1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal food impaction (EFI) is the third most common non-biliary emergency in gastroenterology, with an annual incidence rate of 13 episodes per 100,000 person-years and 1,500 deaths per year. Patients presenting with food impaction often have underlying esophageal pathology. We evaluated the possible risk factors for EFI in our study. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 455 patients at Staten Island University Hospital (SIUH) that presented with symptoms of food impaction from 1999 to 2017. We analyzed relevant clinical data such as age, risk factors, type of food bolus, location, administration of glucagon, endoscopic technique and complications. Results Overall, 174 patients had endoscopically confirmed EFI. The majority were males 102/174 (58.6%). Esophageal pathological findings included esophagitis in 58/174 (33.3%), strictures in 43/174 (24.7%), hiatal hernias in 29/174 (16.6%) and Schatzki’s rings in 15/174 (8.6%). Thirty-two out of 174 (18.3%) had normal endoscopic findings. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was reported in 20/174 (11.4%) patients. The type of food impacted was mostly meat in 73/174 (41.9%) cases. The location of EFI was mainly in the lower one-third of the esophagus in 94/174 (54%). The endoscopic push technique was used in 95/174 (54.5%) patients and the pull technique in 83/174 (47.7%) cases. The endoscopic therapeutic intervention was successful as a first attempt in 165/175 (94.8%) patients. Complications were reported in only 5/174 (2.8%), and these mostly comprised of perforations and tears. Glucagon was given to 74/174 (42.5%) patients. The median door-to-scope time (time of presentation at the emergency department to endoscopic intervention) was 7 h (range 1.5 - 24 h) in patients who had received glucagon as opposed to 7 h (range 1 - 24 h) in patients who did not receive it. Conclusion EFI is more common in males. Esophageal strictures and hiatal hernias were the most common pathologies found in endoscopy. Esophagitis was evident in 33.3% of patients, but if it was the cause or consequence of EFI is not clearly understood. DM was associated with food impaction in only 11.4% of patients, but more studies are needed to determine if DM has a stronger association with EFI. The door-to-scope time was shorter in patients who had received glucagon. Endoscopy is a safe and effective therapeutic intervention for EFI, and complications reported were minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhineshreddy Gurala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Abhishek Polavarapu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jobin Philipose
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Shivantha Amarnath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Akshay Avula
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Pretty Sara Idiculla
- Department of Medicine, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Trivandrum, India
| | - Seleshi Demissie
- Biostatistics Unit, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Vivek Gumaste
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY, USA
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Rai M, Cooper M, Shulman S, Kottachchi D, Nelles S, Macmillan M, Heitman S, Barkun A, Tse F, Hookey L. Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Communique: After-Hours Endoscopy Cart. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020; 3:222-227. [PMID: 32905048 PMCID: PMC7465551 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic procedures performed after-hours often require therapeutic interventions that are technically demanding for the endoscopist. The aim of this position paper is to provide guidance on the minimum standard of equipment that should be available on a mobile endoscopy cart for provision of a safe and effective after-hours emergency endoscopy service. The guidance is based on consensus among academic and community gastroenterologists in Canada. Methods A modified Delphi process was used to establish consensus among 9 participants. A list of statements was prepared by an expert panel of endoscopists. The statements were divided into three broad sections for what should be on an after-hours endoscopy cart including medications, nonendoscopic tools and therapeutic/diagnostic equipment. Consensus for being on the endoscopy cart was achieved when 75% or more of voting members indicated ‘agree’. Results For nonendoscopic tools, there was agreement for having sterile saline, sterile water, endoscope lubricant, various syringes, bite blocks (paediatric and adult size), a water pump with foot peddle, formalin jars for biopsy specimens, digital photo and printing capability and an overtube. For medications, there was agreement for having hyoscine butylbromide and epinephrine on the cart. For therapeutic/diagnostic tools, there was agreement for having biopsy forceps (standard and jumbo), polypectomy snares, sclerotherapy needles and agent (for a variceal bleed), band ligation kit, multipolar electrocautery probes, heater probe catheter, endoscopic clips, hemostatic powder and retrieval devices. Interpretation This position paper provides guidance on the minimum standard of items that should be on an after-hours endoscopy cart. Standardization of equipment may help improve safety and quality of after-hours endoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandip Rai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Cooper
- Division of Gastroenterology, North Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Shulman
- Division of Gastroenterology, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Kottachchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Guelph General Hospital, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Nelles
- Division of Gastroenterology, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Macmillan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Memorial University, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Steven Heitman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alan Barkun
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frances Tse
- Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence Hookey
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Hardman J, Sharma N, Smith J, Nankivell P. Conservative management of oesophageal soft food bolus impaction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5:CD007352. [PMID: 32391954 PMCID: PMC7389440 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007352.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaction of a soft food bolus in the oesophagus causes dysphagia and regurgitation. If the bolus does not pass spontaneously, then the patient is at risk of aspiration, dehydration, perforation, and death. Definitive management is with endoscopic intervention, recommended within 24 hours. Prior to endoscopy, many patients undergo a period of observation, awaiting spontaneous disimpaction, or may undergo enteral or parenteral treatments to attempt to dislodge the bolus. There is little consensus as to which of these conservative strategies is safe and effective to be used in this initial period, before resorting to definitive endoscopic management for persistent impaction. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of non-endoscopic conservative treatments in the management of soft food boluses impacted within the oesophagus. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases, using relevant search terms: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL. The date of the search was 18 August 2019. We screened the reference lists of relevant studies and reviews on the topic to identify any additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials of the management of acute oesophageal soft food bolus impaction, in adults and children, reporting the incidence of disimpaction (confirmed radiologically or clinically by return to oral diet) without the need for endoscopic intervention. We did not include studies focusing on sharp or solid object impaction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We identified 890 unique records through the electronic searches. We excluded 809 clearly irrelevant records and retrieved 81 records for further assessment. We subsequently included one randomised controlled trial that met the eligibility criteria, which was conducted in four Swedish centres and randomised 43 participants to receive either intravenous diazepam followed by glucagon, or intravenous placebos. The effect of the active substances compared with placebo on rates of disimpaction without intervention is uncertain, as the numbers from this single study were small, and the rates were similar (38% versus 32%; risk ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 2.75, P = 0.69). The certainty of the evidence using GRADE for this outcome is low. Data on adverse events were lacking. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently inadequate data to recommend the use of any enteral or parenteral treatments in the management of acute oesophageal soft food bolus impaction. There is also inadequate data regarding potential adverse events from the use of these treatments, or from potential delays in definitive endoscopic management. Caution should be exercised when using any conservative management strategies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hardman
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Neil Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joel Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul Nankivell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Willenbring BA, Schnitker CK, Stellpflug SJ. Oral nitroglycerin solution for oesophageal food impaction: a prospective single-arm pilot study. Emerg Med J 2020; 37:434-436. [PMID: 32366615 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2019-209320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thirteen episodes of oesophageal food impaction (EFI) per 100 000 people present to a medical setting each year. Several pharmacological interventions meant to relieve such impactions have been explored; none have proven superior. OBJECTIVES Perform a single-arm feasibility study of oral nitroglycerin solution for EFI. METHODS Twenty adult patients presenting to a single urban tertiary medical centre thought to have EFI were given up to three doses of 0.4 mg nitroglycerin solution orally and evaluated for resolution of symptoms, new symptoms and vital signs. Patients with intractable vomiting, haemodynamic instability, airway compromise, oesophageal perforation, coronary ischaemia or presentation delayed greater than 12 hours were excluded. RESULTS 17 of 20 enrolled subjects received the intervention. The average duration of symptoms prior to intervention was 285 min (SD=187). Four subjects did not tolerate the intervention (inability to swallow or headache). Two of 17 (11.8%) subjects obtained temporally proximal symptom resolution: 11 min after the second dose, and 7 min after the third dose. Seven also received glucagon during their visit, with 0% temporally proximal symptom resolution. Fifteen underwent endoscopy, with food bolus identified in 12. One subject had brief and mild hypotension with spontaneous resolution. Two subjects developed a headache after nitroglycerin administration. The median length of stay for those who found relief without endoscopy was 195 min (range 129-261) vs 374 min (range 122-525) among those with endoscopy. CONCLUSION The observed rate of relief after oral nitroglycerin solution for EFI is disappointing but comparable to previous glucagon, benzodiazepines and effervescent beverage studies, and that of placebo. Oral nitroglycerin solution appears to be well tolerated among those able to swallow, although in our sample several subjects were unable to tolerate swallowing entirely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel J Stellpflug
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regions Hospital, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Long B, Gottlieb M. Is Glucagon Effective for Relieving Acute Esophageal Foreign Bodies and Food Impactions? Ann Emerg Med 2020; 75:299-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Khadpe J, Morley EJ, Rezaie SR, Grock A. Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) Blog and Podcast Watch: Gastrointestinal Emergencies. Cureus 2019; 11:e5545. [PMID: 31673482 PMCID: PMC6819072 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) Approved Instructional Resources (AIR) Series and Approved Instructional Resources - Professional (AIR-Pro) Series were created in 2014 and 2015, respectively, in response to the growing need to curate online educational content as well as create a nationally available curriculum that meets individualized interactive instruction criteria for emergency medicine (EM) trainees. These two online series identify high-quality educational blog and podcast content using an expert-based approach. We summarize the accredited posts on gastrointestinal emergencies that met our a priori determined quality criteria per evaluation by eight experienced faculty educators in EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Khadpe
- Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA
| | - Eric J Morley
- Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Salim R Rezaie
- Emergency Medicine, Methodist Hospital, San Antonio, USA
| | - Andrew Grock
- Emergency Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Aiolfi A, Ferrari D, Riva CG, Toti F, Bonitta G, Bonavina L. Esophageal foreign bodies in adults: systematic review of the literature. Scand J Gastroenterol 2019; 53:1171-1178. [PMID: 30394140 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1526317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal Foreign Body (FB) impaction represents a major challenge for healthcare providers. Aim of this systematic review was to analyse the current literature evidence on prevalence, presentation, treatment, and outcomes of impacted esophageal FB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted between 2000 and 30th June 2018 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS Sixty-one studies matched the inclusion criteria. The total number of included patients was 13,092. The cervical esophagus was the most frequent impaction site (67%) and sharp-pointed objects were the most common FB (38.1%). Retrosternal pain (78%), dysphagia (48%), and odynophagia (43.4%) were the most common symptoms. A flexible or rigid endoscopic approach was adopted in 65.1% and 16.8% of patients, respectively. Overall, 17.8% of patients had a complication related to the impacted esophageal FB or to the endoscopic manoeuvers. A surgical approach was required in 3.4% of patients. The overall mortality was 0.85%. CONCLUSIONS Surgery is the upfront treatment in patients with esophageal perforation or endoscopically irretrievable esophageal FB. A minimally invasive approach can be adopted in selected patients. Effective prevention of FB impaction should focus on accurate diagnostic work-up to search for an underlying motility disorder after a first episode of esophageal impaction, even if transient and self-resolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Aiolfi
- a Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Division of General Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Davide Ferrari
- a Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Division of General Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Carlo Galdino Riva
- a Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Division of General Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Toti
- a Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Division of General Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Gianluca Bonitta
- a Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Division of General Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Luigi Bonavina
- a Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Division of General Surgery IRCCS Policlinico San Donato , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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David J, Backstedt D, O'Keefe KJ, Salehpour K, Gerkin RD, Ramirez FC. Effervescent agents in acute esophageal food impaction. Dis Esophagus 2019; 32:5250775. [PMID: 30561588 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute esophageal food impaction (AEFI) occurs frequently. Few data are published describing the use of effervescent agents (EAs) for treatment of AEFI. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, cost, and safety of EAs in the treatment of AEFI. We retrospectively identified patients aged 18 years and older who were seen in the emergency department of 2 hospitals in 1 metropolitan area from January 1, 2011, through April 4, 2016, who had a clinical diagnosis of AEFI. We collected and analyzed data on outcomes and cost associated with the use of EAs, glucagon, and no pharmacologic therapy. During the study period, 239 patients with AEFI met the inclusion criteria. Of the 45 patients who received EA monotherapy, 25 (55.6%) responded successfully, compared with 11 of 62 (17.7%) who received glucagon monotherapy (P < .001) and 16 of 93 (17.2%) who had no therapy (P < .001). Ten of 39 patients (25.6%) who were given both glucagon and EA responded successfully. The other 177 patients had endoscopy, which was successful in all cases. Median hospitalization charges for patients who responded successfully to EA alone were $1,136, compared with $2,602 for responders to glucagon alone (P < .001) and $1,194 for those who cleared their bolus spontaneously (P < .001). All patients who received EA monotherapy had lower median hospitalization costs ($2,384) than all patients who received glucagon monotherapy ($9,289; P = .03) and all patients who received neither ($8,386; P = .02). Effervescent agents are a safe, effective, and cost-saving initial strategy in the treatment of acute esophageal food impaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David
- Section of Gastroenterology, Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix
| | - D Backstedt
- Section of Gastroenterology, Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix
| | - K J O'Keefe
- Section of Gastroenterology, Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix
| | - K Salehpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix
| | - R D Gerkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix
| | - F C Ramirez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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Peksa GD, DeMott JM, Slocum GW, Burkins J, Gottlieb M. Glucagon for Relief of Acute Esophageal Foreign Bodies and Food Impactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmacotherapy 2019; 39:463-472. [PMID: 30779190 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon is frequently used for the relief of esophageal impactions. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glucagon for acute esophageal foreign body and food impactions. PubMed, CINAHL, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to March 1, 2018. Retrospective, observational, and randomized controlled trials assessing glucagon for the relief of acute esophageal foreign body and food impaction were included. There were no language or age restrictions. Only studies conducted on humans and with a comparator (e.g., control or placebo) were included. Study quality analysis was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Quality of evidence analysis was performed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. A total of 1988 studies were identified, and five studies with a total of 1185 subjects were included. Treatment success occurred in 213 of 706 (30.2%) patients in the glucagon group and 158 of 479 (33.0%) patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-1.17, p=0.42). There was minimal statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 14%, p=0.33). No publication bias was identified. Adverse events were identified in 24 (15.0%) patients in the glucagon group and 0 (0%) patients in the placebo group (risk difference [RD] 0.18, 95% CI 0.03-0.33, p=0.02). Vomiting events occurred more frequently in the glucagon group (17 of 160 [10.6%] vs 0 of 53 [0%]) but was not statistically significant (RD 0.07, 95% CI -0.03-0.17, p=0.19). Glucagon was not associated with a difference in treatment success but had a higher rate of adverse events for the treatment of esophageal foreign body and food impaction. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of glucagon with adequate power to assess adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Peksa
- Department of Pharmacy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua M DeMott
- Department of Pharmacy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Giles W Slocum
- Department of Pharmacy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jaxson Burkins
- Department of Pharmacy, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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15
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Long B, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M. Esophageal Foreign Bodies and Obstruction in the Emergency Department Setting: An Evidence-Based Review. J Emerg Med 2019; 56:499-511. [PMID: 30910368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with esophageal foreign bodies or food bolus impaction may present to the emergency department with symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe distress. There is a dearth of emergency medicine-focused literature concerning these conditions. OBJECTIVE OF THE REVIEW This narrative review provides evidence-based recommendations for the assessment and management of patients with esophageal foreign bodies and food bolus impactions. DISCUSSION Esophageal foreign bodies and food bolus impaction are common but typically pass spontaneously; however, complete obstruction can lead to inability to tolerate secretions, airway compromise, and death. Pediatric patients are the most common population affected, while in adults, edentulous patients are at greatest risk. Foreign body obstruction and food bolus impaction typically occur at sites of narrowing due to underlying esophageal pathology. Diagnosis is based on history and examination, with most patients presenting with choking/gagging, vomiting, and dysphagia/odynophagia. The preferred test is a plain chest radiograph, although this is not required if the clinician suspects non-bony food bolus with no suspicion of perforation. Computed tomography is recommended if radiograph is limited or there are concerns for perforation. Management requires initial assessment of the patient's airway. Medications evaluated include effervescent agents, glucagon, calcium channel blockers, benzodiazepines, nitrates, and others, but their efficacy is poor. Before administration, shared decision making with the patient is recommended. Endoscopy is the intervention of choice, and medications should not delay endoscopy. Early endoscopy for complete obstruction is associated with improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence-based recommendations concerning these conditions, focusing on evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Long
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Alex Koyfman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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16
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Fung BM, Sweetser S, Wong Kee Song LM, Tabibian JH. Foreign object ingestion and esophageal food impaction: An update and review on endoscopic management. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:174-192. [PMID: 30918584 PMCID: PMC6425280 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foreign body ingestion encompasses both foreign object ingestion (FOI) and esophageal food impaction (EFI) and represents a common and clinically significant scenario among patients of all ages. The immediate risk to the patient ranges from negligible to life-threatening, depending on the ingested substance, its location, patient fitness, and time to appropriate therapy. This article reviews the FOI and EFI literature and highlights important considerations and implications for pediatric and adult patients as well as their providers. Where published literature is insufficient to provide evidence-based guidance, expert opinion is included to supplement the content of this comprehensive review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Fung
- UCLA-Olive View Internal Medicine Residency Program, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States
| | - Seth Sweetser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Louis M Wong Kee Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - James H Tabibian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States
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17
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Benson M, Pfau PR. Ingested Foreign Objects and Food Bolus Impactions. CLINICAL GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY 2019:255-262.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-41509-5.00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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18
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Carr MJ, Oxner C, Elster EA, Ritter EM, Vicente D. Management of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Disease While at Sea. Mil Med 2018; 183:e658-e662. [PMID: 29420777 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of complex acute surgical pathology in austere environments necessitates rapid evaluation and resource appropriate management to avoid time-associated morbidity and potentially mortality. Obstructive upper gastrointestinal (UGI) pathologies can be particularly challenging and associated with significant morbidity. Herein, we present six patients with UGI obstructions encountered over the course of an 8-mo deployment onboard a US Navy Aircraft Carrier. Each patient presented to our medical department with signs and symptoms of obstructive UGI pathology including one gastric volvulus requiring operative management at sea, one with a new diagnosis of achalasia requiring transportation and continental United States outpatient evaluation, and four patients with food impaction requiring urgent endoscopic management. Although UGI pathology is seldom encountered at sea, definitive surgical interventions, including prompt evaluation and management of these acute pathologies, can be performed in an austere environment. We wish to call attention to these potential encounters in order that underway deployed medical units and supporting resources ashore are prepared and equipped to intervene on acute UGI obstructive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Carr
- Aviation Medicine, Carrier Airwing Seven, 1640 Tomcat blvd STE 300, Virginia Beach, VA
| | - Christopher Oxner
- Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA
| | - Eric A Elster
- The Department of Surgery at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
| | - Eric M Ritter
- The Department of Surgery at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
| | - Diego Vicente
- The Department of Surgery at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
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19
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Lin AY, Tillman BN, Thatcher AL, Graves CR, Prince ME. Comparison of Outcomes in Medical Therapy vs Surgical Intervention of Esophageal Foreign Bodies. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:656-661. [PMID: 29865972 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818778277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives (1) Compare efficacy of primary medical therapy vs primary surgical intervention in patients with esophageal foreign bodies (EFBs). (2) Investigate variables that may predict successful outcomes in patients treated for EFBs. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Single-institution academic tertiary care medical center. Subjects and Methods Adult patients (older than 18 years) seen at the University of Michigan Emergency Department (ED) over an 8-year period with the diagnosis of EFBs (January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2011; N = 250). Decision was made by ED physicians whether to treat patients with first-line medical therapy vs surgical intervention. Pertinent clinical and demographic data were extracted from medical records and summarized by descriptive statistics. Results First-line treatment with surgical intervention (flexible or rigid esophagoscopy with foreign body removal) was much more likely to lead to resolution of symptoms than medical therapy (glucagon alone or in combination with other medical therapy) (98% vs 28%, P < .0001). When delivered within 12 hours of symptom onset, medical therapy was more likely to be successful (34% resolution vs 12% resolution, P < .01). There was no difference in complication rates for primary medical therapy vs surgical intervention (8% vs 8%). Conclusions Patients with EFBs are a commonly encountered consultation for both otolaryngologists and gastroenterologists. In these patients, first-line surgical intervention is superior to medical therapy and should not be avoided for a trial of medical therapy or concern for higher morbidity. Implementation of these findings has the ability to positively affect treatment patterns, outcomes, and patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Y Lin
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brittny N Tillman
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron L Thatcher
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Casey R Graves
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,4 Department of Emergency Medicine, Palmetto Health, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mark E Prince
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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20
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Shuja A, Winston DM, Rahman AU, Mitty RD, Jaber BL, Keo T. Esophageal food impaction during cultural holidays and national athletic events. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2016; 5:43-46. [PMID: 28011862 PMCID: PMC5444255 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gow041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although intrinsic risk factors contributing to esophageal food impaction are well established, whether social behavior affects its occurrence has not yet been examined. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the gastroenterology endoscopy procedural documentation software for the period of 2001–2012 to identify all patients who presented to our emergency department for esophageal foreign-body removal at the time of national athletic events and holidays associated with dietary indiscretions. Results: We found that adults undergoing emergent esophagogastroduodenoscopy during periods celebrating cultural holidays and national athletic events were more likely to experience esophageal food impaction compared with those undergoing emergent endoscopy during periods not associated with these events (36.8% vs 3.6%; P < 0.001): a 10-fold increase. During a national holiday/athletic event period, the most common impacted food item was turkey (50%) followed by chicken (29%) and beef (21%). Conclusions: Esophageal food impaction is more likely to occur on American holidays and national athletic events and is associated with large meals. Patients with intrinsic risk factors should be advised to modify their diet during cultural events associated with tachyphagia and large meals to prevent esophageal food impaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Shuja
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA, .,Division of Gastroenterology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Diana M Winston
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and
| | - Asad Ur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger D Mitty
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand L Jaber
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thormika Keo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA and.,Division of Gastroenterology, Central Texas VA Healthcare System, Temple, TX, USA
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21
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Endoscopic Management of Foreign Bodies in the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of the Literature. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:8520767. [PMID: 27807447 PMCID: PMC5078654 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8520767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Foreign body ingestion is a common diagnosis that presents in emergency departments throughout the world. Distinct foreign bodies predispose to particular locations of impaction in the gastrointestinal tract, commonly meat boluses in the esophagus above a preexisting esophageal stricture or ring in adults and coins in children. Several other groups are at high risk of foreign body impaction, mentally handicapped individuals or those with psychiatric illness, abusers of drugs or alcohol, and the geriatric population. Patients with foreign body ingestion typically present with odynophagia, dysphagia, sensation of having an object stuck, chest pain, and nausea/vomiting. The majority of foreign bodies pass through the digestive system spontaneously without causing any harm, symptoms, or necessitating any further intervention. A well-documented clinical history and thorough physical exam is critical in making the diagnosis, if additional modalities are needed, a CT scan and diagnostic endoscopy are generally the preferred modalities. Various tools can be used to remove foreign bodies, and endoscopic treatment is safe and effective if performed by a skilled endoscopist.
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22
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Marano L, Cecchi A, Chiodo F, Gullo F, Fiorillo P, Roncetti L, Longaroni M, Silvestri GP, Lolli S, Nicolic G, Patriti A. An innovative fast track solution for food bolus impaction due to Jackhammer esophagus in an emergency department: the "Nitro-Push Blind Technique" case report. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:95. [PMID: 27538991 PMCID: PMC4991025 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the medical literature are described only few clinical cases of esophageal food bolus impaction due to esophageal motility disorders. Moreover, the management of this condition is highly variable with no evidence in the literature to strongly support a clear defined intervention. CASE PRESENTATION In this paper we describe for the first time a case of 53-year-old male with food bolus impaction due to Jackhammer esophagus referred to emergency department. On the basis of the known esophageal past medical history as well as the absence of bones in the bolus, the patient was submitted to a new conservative treatment, the "Nitro-Push Blind Technique". CONCLUSIONS The new technique performed with naso-gastric tube thrust after nitrates medication in definite clinical case supported by known functional disease, represents a safe and successful method, with short observational period to minimize exposure to potential morbidity and reduce the inpatient stay in emergency department. It should be recommended, once validated in a larger cohort, as the initial treatment of choice in the selected patients with food boneless bolus impaction in the emergency settings. Indeed, this management provides only minimal deviation from the current practice and is hence technically easy to learn and perform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marano
- Unit of Robotic Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Alessandro Cecchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Federica Chiodo
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Francesco Gullo
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Pasquale Fiorillo
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Luca Roncetti
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Mattia Longaroni
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Gianluca Proietti Silvestri
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Silvano Lolli
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Giorgio Nicolic
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, Via Loreto 3, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
| | - Alberto Patriti
- Unit of Robotic Surgery, “San Matteo degli Infermi Hospital” – ASL Umbria 2, 06049 Spoleto (PG), Italy
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23
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Bodkin RP, Weant KA, Baker Justice S, Spencer MT, Acquisto NM. Effectiveness of glucagon in relieving esophageal foreign body impaction: a multicenter study. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:1049-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Haas J, Leo J, Vakil N. Glucagon Is a Safe and Inexpensive Initial Strategy in Esophageal Food Bolus Impaction. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:841-5. [PMID: 26500116 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists about the utility of pharmacologic agents and endoscopic technique used for esophageal food bolus impaction. AIM To evaluate the utility of glucagon and the technique used for endoscopic removal, including the rate of success and the adverse events of the techniques. METHODS The database of the largest healthcare provider in southeastern Wisconsin was retrospectively reviewed for patients presenting with esophageal food bolus impaction. Data extracted included glucagon administration and its success rate, outcome of radiographic studies, and the endoscopic method of removal and adverse events associated with it, including 30-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 750 patients were identified with food bolus impaction from 2007 to 2012. Glucagon was administered in 440 patients and was successful in 174 (39.5%). Endoscopic removal was performed in 470 patients and was successful in 469 (99.8%). The push technique was utilized in 209 patients, reduction in the bolus size by piecemeal removal followed by the push technique was utilized in 97 patients, and the pull technique was utilized in 107 patients. There were no perforations with endoscopic removal. Only 4.5% of the X-rays performed reported a possible foreign body within the esophagus. Glucagon was a significantly less-expensive strategy than endoscopic therapy (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Glucagon is low cost, is moderately effective, and may be considered as an initial strategy. Endoscopic removal regardless of technique is safe and effective. The yield of radiography is poor in the setting of food bolus impaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Haas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aurora Health Care, 1218 W. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 404, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
- Ferrell Duncan Clinic, 1001 E. Primrose St, Springfield, MO, 65807, USA.
| | - Julia Leo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aurora Health Care, 1218 W. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 404, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Nimish Vakil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aurora Health Care, 1218 W. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 404, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- , 36500 Aurora Dr, Summit, WI, 53066, USA.
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25
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Myth: glucagon is an effective first-line therapy for esophageal foreign body impaction. CAN J EMERG MED 2015; 11:169-71. [DOI: 10.1017/s1481803500011143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal foreign body impactions (EFBIs) are relatively rare in emergency medicine; patients rarely have them more than once. Indications for watchful waiting include a patent airway and the ability to clear secretions. However, in many cases, significant discomfort combined with patient expectations mandate early intervention to dislodge the foreign body. Endoscopy is the preferred definitive method of intervention for EFBI; however, most emergency physicians choose to apply one of several less invasive modes of therapy as firstline treatment. Pharmacologic agents that have been described for this purpose include glucagon, nifedipine, sublingual nitroglycerin, proteolytic enzymes and benzodiazepines. Among these, glucagon has become the most widely accepted in clinical practice.
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26
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Gretarsdottir HM, Jonasson JG, Björnsson ES. Etiology and management of esophageal food impaction: a population based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:513-8. [PMID: 25704642 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.983159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal food impaction (FI) is a common clinical problem with limited information on incidence. Previous population based studies are lacking. The incidence, main etiological factors, recurrence and outcome of FI was determined in the present study in a population based setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a study of consecutive adult patients who presented with FI from 2008 to 2013 at the National University Hospital of Iceland. The mean crude incidence rate of FI was calculated. Retrospective analysis was undertaken on relevant clinical data such as type of bolus, management, complications, recurrence rate, risk factors for recurrence, and outcome. RESULTS Overall 308 patients had endoscopically confirmed FI, males 199/308 (65%), median age 62 years. The mean crude incidence was 25 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The types of FI was meat (68%), fish (12%), vegetable (4%) and other food/objects (16%). Causes for the FI included: esophageal strictures (45%), hiatal hernia (22%), eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) (16%) and esophageal carcinoma (2%). Recurrence appeared in 21%, in which 24/48 (50%) had EoE vs. 40/260 (15%) in others (p = 0.0001). The removal of the foreign body was successful in 98% of the cases during the first endoscopy. Endoscopic associated complications included four (1.3%) aspirations, one (0.3%) esophageal perforation and one Boerhaave syndrome at presentation (both had EoE). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of FI is the highest reported to date. EoE was strongly associated with recurrence of FI. In a population based setting endoscopy is a safe and effective procedure for removing FI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga M Gretarsdottir
- Department of the Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
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27
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Khayyat YM. Pharmacological management of esophageal food bolus impaction. Emerg Med Int 2013; 2013:924015. [PMID: 23738071 PMCID: PMC3666276 DOI: 10.1155/2013/924015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Soft esophageal bolus impaction is an emergency that requires skilled endoscopic removal if persistent obstructive symptoms do not resolve spontaneously after careful observation. Expedited care of these patients is crucial to avoid respiratory and mechanical complications. Other possible options for management include medical agents used to manage it prior to performing endoscopy if access to endoscopy was not available or declined by the patient. Aim. To review the available pharmacological and other nonmedicinal options and their mechanism of relief for soft esophageal impaction. Method. Pubmed, Medline and Ovid were used for search of MESH terms pertinent including "foreign body, esophageal, esophageal bolus and medical" for pharmacological and non medicinial agents used for management of esophageal soft bolus impaction as well as manual review of the cross-references. Results. Several agents were identified including Buscopan, Glucagon, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and papaveretum. Non medicinal agents are water, effervescent agents, and papain. No evidence was found to suggest preference or effectiveness of use of a certain pharmacological agent compared to others. Buscopan, Glucagon, benzodiazepines, and nitrates were studied extensively and may be used in selected patients with caution. Use of papain is obsolete in management of soft bolus impaction.
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28
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Crockett SD, Sperry SLW, Miller CB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Emergency care of esophageal foreign body impactions: timing, treatment modalities, and resource utilization. Dis Esophagus 2013; 26:105-12. [PMID: 22458738 PMCID: PMC3502648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2012.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal foreign body impaction (EFBI) often requires urgent evaluation and treatment, but characteristics of emergency department (ED) care such as timing of presentation and therapeutic procedures and costs of care are unknown. We aimed to study health-care utilization for patients with EFBI presenting to the ED. Cases of EFBI from 2002 to 2009 were identified by querying three different databases from the University of North Carolina Hospitals for all records with ICD-9 CM code 935.1: 'foreign body in the esophagus.' Charts were reviewed to confirm EFBI and extract pertinent data related to the ED visit, including time of presentation, length of ED stay, medications administered, type of procedure performed, characteristics of procedures, and time to therapeutic procedure. Hospital charges for EFBI encounters and consult fees were determined from the Physicians' Fee Reference 2010, and were compiled to estimate costs. Of the 548 cases of EFBI identified, 351 subjects (64%) presented to the ED. A total of 118 (34%) patients received a medication to treat EFBI, which was only effective in 8% of those patients. Two hundred ninety (83%) subjects underwent a procedure including esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (n=206) or ear, nose, and throat surgery (ENT)-performed laryngoscopy/esophagoscopy (n=138). Admission to the hospital occurred in 162 (46%) of cases. There was no relationship between ED arrival time and time-to-procedure or total time in ED. There was also no significant relationship between delivery of ED medications and likelihood of undergoing a procedure, or between ED arrival time and delivery of medications. The charges associated with a typical EFBI episode ranged from $2284-$6218. In conclusion, the majority of patients with EFBI at our institution presented to the ED. Medical management was largely ineffective. A therapeutic procedure was required to clear the EFBI in most patients. Time of ED arrival made no difference in time-to-procedure, indicating that gastroenterology and ENT specialists recognize the urgency of treating EFBI regardless of time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D. Crockett
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sarah L. W. Sperry
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - C. Brock Miller
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Evan S. Dellon
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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Thimmapuram J, Oosterveen S, Grim R. Use of glucagon in relieving esophageal food bolus impaction in the era of eosinophilic esophageal infiltration. Dysphagia 2012. [PMID: 23203568 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-012-9434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal food bolus impaction may require an urgent endoscopy. Glucagon is often administered to promote spontaneous passage of the food bolus. Eosinophilic esophagitis is increasingly recognized as a cause of dysphagia, and food impaction is often the presenting symptom. Our study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of glucagon in relieving esophageal foreign body obstruction in general and in the setting of esophageal eosinophilic infiltration (EEI). A retrospective chart review was performed using the ICD codes and the emergency department database of adult patients presenting with symptoms of esophageal food bolus impaction from July 2004 to October 2010. Response to glucagon was defined as symptomatic relief of obstruction prior to endoscopic intervention. A total of 213 episodes of esophageal food bolus obstruction in 192 patients were identified during the study period. Glucagon was given in 125 cases of which 41 had a response (32.8 %). A total of 170 episodes had an Esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed either during the impaction event or at a later date. Of the 60 patients' biopsies, 45 had received glucagon (17 with EEI, 28 without EEI). None of the 17 episodes with EEI as compared to 8 of the 28 without EEI responded to glucagon (0 % vs. 28.5 %, p = 0.017). Glucagon is effective in about one third of patients with esophageal food bolus impaction, which is consistent with historical data. Patients with EEI appear less likely to respond to glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Thimmapuram
- Department of Internal Medicine, York Hospital, 1001 South George Street, York, PA 17403, USA.
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Weant KA, Weant MP. Safety and efficacy of glucagon for the relief of acute esophageal food impaction. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2012; 69:573-7. [PMID: 22441787 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The safety and efficacy of i.v. glucagon for the relief of acute esophageal food impaction were evaluated. SUMMARY The medical literature was reviewed to identify published trials and case series on the use of i.v. glucagon for the relief of acute esophageal food impaction. Individual case reports and limited case series were excluded from the analysis. This search yielded two retrospective reviews, three prospective reviews, and one randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Only two of the studies analyzed the effect of glucagon alone. Two studies combined this therapy with benzodiazepines, and the other two combined this therapy with an effervescent product and water. Of the two studies that had a control group, one demonstrated no significant difference in the success rate of dislodgement and one showed a nonsignificantly lower success rate in the treatment group. The majority of reports excluded patients with known esophageal strictures and treated a variety of different food-type impactions, making it difficult to determine if the success of this therapy may be tied to a specific subgroup. Few studies documented the adverse effects of this therapy, the most common being nausea and vomiting. Although limited, the available data do not support the use of glucagon for the relief of acute esophageal food impaction. CONCLUSION Based on the available data, the use of i.v. glucagon for the relief of acute esophageal food impaction is not supported by the literature. In addition, glucagon has the potential to cause adverse effects and decrease the likelihood of spontaneous resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Weant
- North Carolina Public Health Preparedness and Response, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, 100 East Six Forks Road, Raleigh, NC 27699-1900, USA.
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Crockett SD, Sperry SLW, Miller CB, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES. Emergency care of esophageal foreign body impactions: timing, treatment modalities, and resource utilization. Dis Esophagus 2012. [PMID: 22458738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2012.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal foreign body impaction (EFBI) often requires urgent evaluation and treatment, but characteristics of emergency department (ED) care such as timing of presentation and therapeutic procedures and costs of care are unknown. We aimed to study health-care utilization for patients with EFBI presenting to the ED. Cases of EFBI from 2002 to 2009 were identified by querying three different databases from the University of North Carolina Hospitals for all records with ICD-9 CM code 935.1: 'foreign body in the esophagus.' Charts were reviewed to confirm EFBI and extract pertinent data related to the ED visit, including time of presentation, length of ED stay, medications administered, type of procedure performed, characteristics of procedures, and time to therapeutic procedure. Hospital charges for EFBI encounters and consult fees were determined from the Physicians' Fee Reference 2010, and were compiled to estimate costs. Of the 548 cases of EFBI identified, 351 subjects (64%) presented to the ED. A total of 118 (34%) patients received a medication to treat EFBI, which was only effective in 8% of those patients. Two hundred ninety (83%) subjects underwent a procedure including esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) (n=206) or ear, nose, and throat surgery (ENT)-performed laryngoscopy/esophagoscopy (n=138). Admission to the hospital occurred in 162 (46%) of cases. There was no relationship between ED arrival time and time-to-procedure or total time in ED. There was also no significant relationship between delivery of ED medications and likelihood of undergoing a procedure, or between ED arrival time and delivery of medications. The charges associated with a typical EFBI episode ranged from $2284-$6218. In conclusion, the majority of patients with EFBI at our institution presented to the ED. Medical management was largely ineffective. A therapeutic procedure was required to clear the EFBI in most patients. Time of ED arrival made no difference in time-to-procedure, indicating that gastroenterology and ENT specialists recognize the urgency of treating EFBI regardless of time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Crockett
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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Leopard D, Fishpool S, Winter S. The management of oesophageal soft food bolus obstruction: a systematic review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2011; 93:441-4. [PMID: 21929913 PMCID: PMC3369328 DOI: 10.1308/003588411x588090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oesophageal soft food bolus obstruction (OSFBO) is a surgical emergency. However, no national guidelines exist regarding its management. This paper systematically reviews the literature with respect to the management of OSFBO. METHODS Relevant studies included were identified from the the Cochrane Library, the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the US National Library of Medicine resources. A systematic review was performed on 8 November 2010. RESULTS This systematic review of the management of OSFBO shows no evidence that any medical intervention is more effective than a 'watch and wait' policy in enabling spontaneous disimpaction. Furthermore, the use of hyoscine butylbromide for OSFBO probably stems from a misquoted textbook. Surgical removal of an OSFBO is effective but not without potential risk. There is some evidence to support surgical intervention within 24 hours to prevent complications deriving from the initial obstruction. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for large double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled trials of drugs used in the medical management of OSFBO. Until the results from such trials are available, the treatment of OSFBO will remain based on inconsistent clinical judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leopard
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
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Ikenberry SO, Jue TL, Anderson MA, Appalaneni V, Banerjee S, Ben-Menachem T, Decker GA, Fanelli RD, Fisher LR, Fukami N, Harrison ME, Jain R, Khan KM, Krinsky ML, Maple JT, Sharaf R, Strohmeyer L, Dominitz JA. Management of ingested foreign bodies and food impactions. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73:1085-91. [PMID: 21628009 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal food impaction (FI) is a distressing condition requiring urgent endoscopic intervention, with a reported recurrence rate between 10% and 20%. Knowledge of factors predisposing to recurrent FI may enable preventive measures to minimize the risk of recurrence. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with recurrent FI. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS A prospectively maintained database and medical records of all patients undergoing emergent endoscopy for FI from 1989 to 2000 were reviewed. Cases were defined as those presenting with more than 1 episode of FI, whereas controls were defined as those without recurrence within 5 years of the index episode. Several demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and follow-up variables were extracted. Statistical analysis included chi2 tests and t tests for univariate analysis, and stepwise logistic regression for multivariate analysis. INTERVENTIONS NA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Predictors of recurrent FI. RESULTS A total of 52 cases and 124 controls were identified (recurrence rate 30%). Presence of a diaphragmatic hernia [odds ratio (OR) 2.65; confidence interval (CI) 1.19-5.89], disimpaction by piecemeal extraction (OR 2.32; CI 1.09-4.97), and acquisition of esophageal biopsies (OR 3.69; CI 1.42-9.66) increased odds for recurrent FI. Physician follow-up after FI decreased the odds for recurrent FI (OR 0.38; CI 0.18-0.80). LIMITATIONS Retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a diaphragmatic hernia, complexity of endoscopic disimpaction technique, and lack of follow-up increased risk for recurrent FI. Collection of esophageal biopsies as a risk factor suggests a visibly more severe esophageal disorder as a potential cause for recurrent FI.
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Price T, Jones SEM, Montgomery PQ. Is current UK management of oesophageal food bolus obstruction evidence based? An e-mail survey and literature review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 264:329-35. [PMID: 17333232 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-007-0260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a great deal of variation in individual management of non-sharp oesophageal food bolus obstruction in the United Kingdom. An e-mail survey of consultants and specialist registrars in ENT was carried out to establish current UK practice. A review of the published literature was under-taken to establish whether current practice is evidence based. The majority of practitioners (95%) do not proceed immediately to rigid oesophagoscopy but use antispasmodic drugs (83%), most commonly hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan) and diazepam, to try to induce spontaneous passage of the obstruction. There is currently no evidence in the published literature to support the use of these drugs. The use of Buscopan seems to have been encouraged by a misquoted reference in a prominent ENT textbook. Better evidence is needed to establish the best form of treatment for this relatively common problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Price
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
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Katsinelos P, Kountouras J, Paroutoglou G, Zavos C, Mimidis K, Chatzimavroudis G. Endoscopic techniques and management of foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction in the upper gastrointestinal tract: a retrospective analysis of 139 cases. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40:784-9. [PMID: 17016132 DOI: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000225602.25858.2c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingested foreign bodies and food bolus impaction are frequently seen in endoscopic practice. Successful foreign body and food bolus removal may depend on the method used, the choice of device, and the experience level of the endoscopist, although few papers report experience and outcome of tertiary centers. AIM To investigate the effectiveness of our protocol designed for removal of ingested foreign bodies and food boluses. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a diagnosis of foreign body ingestion and food bolus impaction from 1994 to 2005 identified by computer search. Patients were excluded if medical record was incomplete. RESULTS The analysis included 171 patients. Foreign bodies and impacted food boluses were found in 77 and 62 patients, respectively. In 32 cases (23%), the foreign bodies passed spontaneously through the gastrointestinal tract. The overall success rate for endoscopic management was obtained in 137 patients (98.6%). Surgical removal of a foreign body was required in only 2 cases (1.4%). According to the type and location of the foreign object and food bolus we used Dormia baskets, retrieval forceps, polypectomy snares, and all sizes of Roth net. No complications relating to the endoscopic procedure were observed; 50 patients (35.2%) had an underlying esophageal disease. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic removal of upper gastrointestinal tract foreign bodies and food bolus impaction is efficacious and safe. Especially the Roth net is the best device for safe retrieval of food boluses and button disc batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, Central Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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