Emerging concepts in alcoholic hepatitis

Table 1 New potential treatments for alcoholic hepatitis

Treatment	Class	Mechanism of action
Probiotics	Gut microbiota modification	Reduction of bacterial endotoxins and translocation
IL-22 recombinant protein	Immune modulation	Hepatoprotective: Antioxidant, apoptotic, proliferative, and antimicrobial properties
G-CSF	Growth factor	Liver regeneration
Obeticholic acid	Farnesoid X receptor	Improvement in cholestasis
Emricasan	Caspase inhibitor	Apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis inhibitor
Anakinra (Pentoxifylline + Zinc)	IL-1 receptor	Decreases hepatic inflammation
SAMe	Glutathione precursor	Decreases oxidative stress
Metadoxine	Antioxidant	Decreases oxidative stress and steatosis
ELAD	Extracorporeal human hepatic cell-based liver treatment	Toxin removal, reduction of inflammation, liver regeneration

IL: Interleukin; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; ELAD: Extracorporeal liver assist device; SAMe: S-adenosil-L-methionine.