Mortality and rebleeding following variceal haemorrhage in liver cirrhosis and periportal fibrosis

Table 1 Demographic criteria and clinical presentation in 94 patients with liver cirrhosis and periportal fibrosis presenting with acute variceal haemorrhage n (%)

Variable	PPF (n = 62)	Cirrhosis (n = 32)	P value
Males	56 (90.3)	27 (84.4)	0.395
Females	6 (9.7)	5 (15.6)
Mean age (yr)	49.3 ± 13.4	48.7 ± 15.1	0.840
HBV	4 (6.5)	8 (25)	0.0041
HCV	2 (3.2)	1 (3)
HBV and HCV	0 (0)	3 (9.4)
SBP > 100, PR < 100	50 (80.6)	18 (56.2)	0.0121
SBP < 100, PR > 100	12 (19.4)	14 (43.8)
Hb < 5 g/dL	10 (16.1)	4 (12.5)	0.236
Hb 5-10 g/dL	36 (58.1)	24 (75)
Hb > 10 g/dL	16 (25.8)	4 (12.5)

¹Significant risk factor. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; PR: Pulse rate; Hb: Haemoglobin.

Table 2 Clinical findings and medical management provided in 94 patients with liver cirrhosis and periportal fibrosis presenting with acute variceal haemorrhage n (%)

Variable	PPF (n = 62)	Cirrhosis (n = 32)	P value
Jaundice	0 (0)	16 (50)	0.0001
Ascites	5 (8.1)	16 (50)	0.0001
Encephalopathy	3 (4.8)	9 (28.1)	0.0011
Child class A	-	9 (28)	-
Child class B	-	13 (41)	-
Child class C	-	10 (31)	-
MELD score < 18		19 (59.4)	-
MELD score > 18		13 (40.6)	-
PPF grade II	29	-	-
PPF grade III	71	-	-
Mean portal vein diameter	17.4 ± 3.3 mm	16.4 ± 3.1 mm	0.155
Terlipressin stat dose 2 mg IV	48 (77.4)	27 (84.4)	0.426
Terlipressin 6 hourly over 24 h	15 (24.2)	14 (43.8)	0.052
Requirement for blood transfusion (mean number of units)	2 ± 1 units	2 ± 1 units	-

¹Significant risk factor. PPF: Periportal fibrosis; MELD: Model for end stage liver disease.

Table 3 Endoscopy findings and endoscopic management in 94 patients with liver cirrhosis and periportal fibrosis presenting with acute variceal haemorrhage n (%)

Variable	PPF (n = 62)	Cirrhosis (n = 32)	P value
Grade II OV	5 (8.1)	2 (6.3)	0.961
Grade III OV	17 (27.4)	10 (31.3)
Grade IV OV	23 (37.1)	14 (43.8)
Gastric varices	17 (27.4)	6 (18.8)
Band ligation	8 (12.9)	1 (3.1)	0.318
Sclerotherapy	45 (72.6)	28 (87.5)
Histoacryl injection	4 (6.5)	2 (6.3)
Both histoacrylandsclerotherapy/band	5 (8.1)	1 (3.1)

OV: Oesophageal varices; PPF: Periportal fibrosis.

Table 4 Study outcomes in 94 patients with liver cirrhosis and periportal fibrosis presenting with acute variceal haemorrhage n (%)

	PPF (n = 62)	Cirrhosis (n = 32)	P value
Mortality at 6 wk	10	53	0.0001
Mortality at 5 d	0	16	0.0041
Rebleeding at 6 wk	32	56	0.0151
Rebleeding at 5 d	3	25	0.0021

¹Significant risk factor. PPF: Periportal fibrosis.

Table 5 Factors associated with mortality and rebleeding in 32 patients with liver cirrhosis

Study outcome	Factors	P value
Mortality at 6 wk	CTP score C	0.0181
Mortality at 5 d	CTP score C	0.0291
	Rebleeding within 5 d	0.0491
Rebleeding at 6 wk	Non	Non
Rebleeding at 5 d	Encephalopathy	0.0051

¹Significant risk factor. CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh.

Table 6 Factors associated with mortality and rebleeding in 62 patients with periportal fibrosis

Study outcome	Factors	P value
Mortality at 6 wk	Blood transfusion	0.0491
	Rebleeding within 6 wk	0.0051
Mortality at 5 d	Non	Non
Rebleeding at 6 wk	Blood transfusion	0.0211
	Grade III PPF	0.0041
Rebleeding at 5 d	Non	Non

¹Significant risk factor. PPF: Periportal fibrosis.