Incidence, risk factors and outcome of de novo tumors in liver transplant recipients focusing on alcoholic cirrhosis

Table 1 Overall incidence of de novo tumors after liver transplantation n (%)

Ref.	No. OLT	Follow-up period	Time from OLT-DNT	Pts with DNT	DNT incidence	Overall SIR
Jonas et al[18]	458	50/22 mo	43 mo	33	34 (7.2)	-
Jain et al[1]	1000	78 mo	36 mo	57	58 (5.7)	7.6 (UAD)
Kelly et al[33]	888	29.3 ± 25.2 mo	24 ± 16.8 mo	39	43 (4.8)	-
Peyrègne et al[8]	251	50.5 mo	24.3 mo	11	12 (4.8)	-
Galve et al[34]	1827	20 ± 18 mo	30.7 ± 22 mo	70	70 (3.8)	-
Sheiner et al[2]	121	499 persons/yr	19.2 mo	18	19 (15.7)	3.9
Haagsma et al[5]	174	61 mo	-	21	23 (13.2)	-
Xiol et al[25]	137	69 mo	12-104 mo	22	30 (21.9)	-
Jiménez et al[35]	505	8-168 mo	47.8 mo	57	62 (12.2)	-
Saigal et al[26]	1140	69 mo	45 mo	30	30 (2.6)	-
Sanchez et al[6]	1421	67 mo	-	125	125 (8.8)	-
Benlloch et al[11]	772	51 mo	40 mo	41	41 (5.3)	-
Herrero et al[36]	187	65 mo	49.5 mo	49	63 (33.6)	-
Oo et al[12]	1778	-	57 mo	141	141 (7.9)	2.07
Aberg et al[7]	540	3222 persons/yr	61 mo	47	50 (9.2)	2.59
Jiang et al[17]	2034	-	42.2 ± 33.8 mo	113	113 (5.5)	2.5
Baccarani et al[37]	417	81.6 mo	51 mo	43	43 (10.3)	2.7
Chatrath et al[38]	534	68 ± 38.4 mo	48 ± 26.4 mo	73	80 (14.9)	3.1
Collett et al[39]	6846	-	-	-	-	2.2
Tjon et al[40]	385	> 4 mo	-	50	66 (17.1)	2.2
Engels et al[41]	6291	-	-	-	-	2.2
Krynitz et al[42]	1221	61.2 mo	-	150	150 (12.3)	3.4
Sampaio et al[43]	43216	-	31.2 mo	1923	1923 (4.4)	-
Ettorre et al[32]	1675	62.4 mo	38.4 mo	98	100 (5.9)	1.4
Schrem et al[16]	2000	-	82.7 mo	115	120 (6)	1.94
Wimmer et al[44]	609	57.3 mo	68.4 ± 44.4 mo	71	87 (14.3)	-

OLT: Orthotopic liver transplantation; DNT: De novo tumors; UAD: Upper aerodigestive tumor.

Table 2 Comparative studies between alcoholic cirrhotic and non-alcoholic cirrhotic patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation, incidence of de novo tumors n (%)

Ref.	No. OLT	Follow-up period	DNT overall incidence	DNT-AC	DNT-non-AC	P-value	DNT excluded
Duvoux et al[9]	90	45.2 ± 21.2 mo	11 (12.2)	8 (26.7)	3 (5)	0.01	-
Jain et al[23]	834	9 4 ± 11 mo	81 (9.7)	36 (19.4)	45 (6.9)	< 0.05 (UAD)	-
Bellamy et al[24]	513	81.7 mo	57 (11.3)	33 (26)	24 (6.1)	0.0001	PTLD
Saigal et al[26]	1140	69 mo	30 (2.6)	10 (7.5)	20 (1)	0.001	-
Benlloch et al[11]	772	40 mo	41 (5.3)	18 (9.4)	23 (3.9)	0.01	Skin DNT
Oo et al[12]	1778	-	141 (7.9)	15 (8.8)	126 (7.8)	0.001	-
Dumortier et al[13]	594	-	42 (7)	37 (12.1)	5 (1.7)	0.05	-
Jiménez et al[28]	701	9-206 mo	109 (15.5)	69 (25)	40 (9.4)	0.001	-
Biselli et al[29]	147	-	11 (7.5)	7 (14.3)	4 (4)	0.042	-
Zanus et al[15]	638	48 mo	43 (6.3)	16 (11)	27 (5)	0.02	-

AC: Alcoholic cirrhosis; OLT: Orthotopic liver transplantation; PTLD: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease; DNT: De novo tumors; UAD: Upper aerodigestive tumor.

Table 3 Location and risk factors for the most frequent de novo tumors in patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis

Tumor location	Risk factors
UAD	Alcoholic cirrhosis[9-11,13-15,23,24,30]
	Tobacco consumption[9,14,38,46]
	Barrett's esophagus[82]
Lung	Alcoholic cirrhosis[14,28]
	Tobacco consumption[1,28,38,46]
Skin	Alcoholic cirrhosis[24,26,27]
	Tobacco consumption[20,27,51]
	Age > 40 yr[20] or age > 51 yr[25]
	Male, red hair, brown eyes[20]
	Sun exposure[20,36]
	Sclerosing cholangitis[20]
	CyA immunosuppression[20]
Kidney and genitourinary tract	Tobacco consumption[46]

CyA: Cycosporine A; UAD: Upper aerodigestive tumor.