Non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Accuracy of the most-well studied serologic markers for detecting steatosis and for differentiating simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Marker	AUROC	n	Ref.
Serologic markers for detecting steatosis
CK18	0.90	157	[20]
	0.77	318	[21]
FLI	0.84	496	[27]
LAP	0.79	588	[28]
Hepatic steatosis index	0.81	5362	[29]
SteatoTest	0.79	69	[31]
Serologic markers for differentiating simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
APRI	0.60	190	[34]
CK18	0.82	838	[39]
NAFLD fibrosis score	0.82	733	[43]
Comparative studies of serologic markers for differentiating simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
FIB-4	0.86	145	[46]
NAFLD fibrosis score	0.81
BARD score	0.77
APRI	0.67
FIB-4	0.96	165	[47]
NAFLD fibrosis score	0.94
BARD score	0.84
FIB-4	0.80	541	[48]
NAFLD fibrosis score	0.77
BARD score	0.70
APRI	0.73
FIB-4	0.87	576	[49]
NAFLD fibrosis score	0.86
APRI	0.79
BARD score	0.76

AUROC: Area under the receiving-operating characteristics curve; AST: Aspartate transaminase; CK18: Cytokeratin-18; FLI: Fatty liver index; LAP: Lipid accumulation product; APRI: AST/platelet ratio index; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; BARD: BMI, AST/ALT Ratio, Diabetes; BMI: Body mass index; ALT: Alanine transaminase.

Table 2 Accuracy of imaging methods for differentiating simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Imaging method	AUROC	n	Ref.
Imaging methods for differentiating simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
TE	0.84	246	[83]
	0.87	75	[84]
ARFI	0.86	77	[101]
	0.90	172	[100]
RTE	0.85	181	[106]
MRE	0.93	58	[110]
	0.95	142	[111]
Comparative studies of imaging methods for differentiating simple steatosis from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
TE	0.99	54	[104]
ARFI	0.97
TE	0.73	13	[108]
ARFI	0.71
RTE	0.51

TE: Transient elastography; ARFI: Acoustic radiation force impulse; RTE: Real-time shear wave elastography; MRE: Magnetic resonance elastography; AUROC: Area under the receiving-operating characteristics curve.